General ticket
Encyclopedia
General ticket representation is a term used to describe a particular method of electing members of a multi-member state delegation to the United States House of Representatives
. States using this method elected their entire delegation in a state-wide manner, either on a single ballot (by means of bloc voting
) or on separate ballots for each seat, but always allowing every voter in the state to vote for a candidate for each seat. It was a system used frequently until restricted by the 1842 Apportionment Bill
and subsequent legislation, most recently in 1967. After 1842 it was used only occasionally when permitted for states with small delegations or in the years immediately following their admission to the union.
While the framers of the United States Constitution
probably intended members of the House of Representatives to be elected from geographically defined single member districts, the Constitution did not so specify. For convenience or in order to assure majority control, many states adopted general ticket representation. In doing so it ensured that a group that might be a majority in only a portion of the state would be always out voted by the larger majority throughout the state.
scrutin, voting by ballot
, and liste, a list) was, before World War I
, a system of election
of national representatives in France
by which the electors of a department voted for all the deputies to be elected in that department. It was comparable with the general ticket. It was distinguished from the scrutin d'arrondissement, also called scrutin uninominal, under which the electors in each arrondissement voted only for the deputy to be elected in it.
Nowadays, it is used on two-round bases
to elect one third of the members of the Regional Council
s, so to ensure a landslide victory to the party which receives a majority
.
, general ticket representation is the system used to elect one fifth of the members of the Regional Council
s since 1995. As in French version, its goal is to ensure the assembly control by the leading coalition of parties. Differently from France, it is used on a single round of vote.
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...
. States using this method elected their entire delegation in a state-wide manner, either on a single ballot (by means of bloc voting
Plurality-at-large voting
Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election...
) or on separate ballots for each seat, but always allowing every voter in the state to vote for a candidate for each seat. It was a system used frequently until restricted by the 1842 Apportionment Bill
Apportionment Bill
The Apportionment Bill is an act passed by the Congress of the United States after each decennial census to determine the number of members which each state shall send to the United States House of Representatives. The number of the members of the first House was 65...
and subsequent legislation, most recently in 1967. After 1842 it was used only occasionally when permitted for states with small delegations or in the years immediately following their admission to the union.
While the framers of the United States Constitution
United States Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The first three...
probably intended members of the House of Representatives to be elected from geographically defined single member districts, the Constitution did not so specify. For convenience or in order to assure majority control, many states adopted general ticket representation. In doing so it ensured that a group that might be a majority in only a portion of the state would be always out voted by the larger majority throughout the state.
General ticket usage
This is a table of every instance of the use of the general ticket in the United States Congress| Congress | Dates | State & Number of Representatives |
|---|---|---|
| 1st 1st United States Congress -House of Representatives:During this congress, five House seats were added for North Carolina and one House seat was added for Rhode Island when they ratified the Constitution.-Senate:* President: John Adams * President pro tempore: John Langdon... |
1789-1791 | CT (5), NJ (4), NH (3), PA (8) |
| 2nd 2nd United States Congress -House of Representatives:During this congress, two new House seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky. -Leadership:-Senate:*President: John Adams *President pro tempore:** Richard Henry Lee... |
1791-1793 | CT (5), NJ (4), NH (3) |
| 3rd 3rd United States Congress The Third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives... |
1793-1795 | CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), PA (13), RI (2) |
| 4th 4th United States Congress -House of Representatives:- Senate :* President: John Adams * President pro tempore:** Henry Tazewell , first elected December 7, 1795** Samuel Livermore , first elected May 6, 1796** William Bingham , first elected February 16, 1797... |
1795-1797 | CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), RI (2) |
| 5th 5th United States Congress The Fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives... |
1797-1799 | CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), RI (2) |
| 6th 6th United States Congress The Sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1799... |
1799-1801 | CT (7), GA (2), NH (4), RI (2) |
| 7th 7th United States Congress - House of Representatives :-Senate:* President: Aaron Burr * President pro tempore:** Abraham Baldwin , first elected December 7, 1801** Stephen R. Bradley , first elected December 14, 1802-House of Representatives:... |
1801-1803 | CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), RI (2) |
| 8th 8th United States Congress - Senate :* President: Aaron Burr * President pro tempore: John Brown , October 17, 1803 – February 26, 1804** Jesse Franklin , March 10, 1804 – November 4, 1804** Joseph Anderson , January 15, 1805 – December 1, 1805- House of Representatives :... |
1803-1805 | CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2), TN (3) |
| 9th 9th United States Congress - Senate :* President: George Clinton * President pro tempore: Samuel Smith - House of Representatives :* Speaker: Nathaniel Macon -Members:This list is arranged by chamber, then by state... |
1805-1807 | CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2) |
| 10th 10th United States Congress - House of Representatives :- Senate :*President: George Clinton *President pro tempore: Samuel Smith , elected April 16, 1808** Stephen R. Bradley , elected December 28, 1808** John Milledge , elected January 30, 1809... |
1807-1809 | CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2) |
| 11th 11th United States Congress - House of Representatives :-Leadership:- Senate :* President: George Clinton * President pro tempore:** John Milledge ** Andrew Gregg , elected June 26, 1809** John Gaillard , elected February 28, 1810... |
1809-1811 | CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2) |
| 12th 12th United States Congress - House of Representatives :During this congress, one new House seat was added for the new state of Louisiana.- Senate :*President: George Clinton *President pro tempore: William H. Crawford -House of Representatives:*Speaker: Henry Clay... |
1811-1813 | CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2) |
| 13th 13th United States Congress - Senate :* President: Elbridge Gerry , until November 23, 1814, thereafter vacant.* President pro tempore: Joseph B. Varnum , December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814** John Gaillard , elected November 25, 1814- House of Representatives :... |
1813-1815 | CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6) |
| 14th 14th United States Congress - Senate :* President: Vacant* President pro tempore: John Gaillard of South Carolina, first elected December 4, 1815- House of Representatives :* Speaker: Henry Clay of Kentucky-Members:This list is arranged by chamber, then by state... |
1815-1817 | CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6) |
| 15th 15th United States Congress -Leadership:- Senate :* President: Daniel D. Tompkins * President pro tempore:** John Gaillard , elected March 4, 1817** James Barbour , elected February 15, 1819- House of Representatives :*Speaker: Henry Clay -Members:... |
1817-1819 | CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6) |
| 16th 16th United States Congress -House of Representatives:During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Alabama and one seat was reapportioned from Massachusetts to the new state of Maine. For the beginning of the next congress, six more seats from Massachusetts would be reapportioned to... |
1819-1821 | CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6) |
| 17th 17th United States Congress The Seventeenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1821 to March 3, 1823, during the fifth and sixth... |
1821-1823 | CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2) |
| 18th 18th United States Congress The Eighteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823 to March 3, 1825, during the seventh and eighth... |
1823-1825 | CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (5) |
| 19th 19th United States Congress -House of Representatives:-Leadership:- Senate :* President: John C. Calhoun * President pro tempore: John Gaillard , until December 4, 1825** Nathaniel Macon , from May 20, 1826- House of Representatives :* Speaker: John W. Taylor -Members:... |
1825-1827 | CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2) |
| 20th 20th United States Congress -House of Representatives:-Leadership:- Senate :* President: John C. Calhoun * President pro tempore: Samuel Smith - House of Representatives :* Speaker: Andrew Stevenson -Members:This list is arranged by chamber, then by state... |
1827-1829 | CT (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2) |
| 21st 21st United States Congress -House of Representatives:-Leadership:- Senate :* President: John C. Calhoun * President pro tempore: Samuel Smith - House of Representatives :* Speaker: Andrew Stevenson -Members:This list is arranged by chamber, then by state... |
1829-1831 | CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2) |
| 22nd 22nd United States Congress -House of Representatives:-Leadership:- Senate :* President:** John C. Calhoun , resigned December 28, 1832, thereafter vacant.* President pro tempore:** Samuel Smith , first elected December 5, 1831** Littleton W... |
1831-1833 | CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2) |
| 23rd 23rd United States Congress -House of Representatives:For the beginning of this congress, the size of the House was increased from 213 seats to 240 seats, following the 1830 United States Census .- Leadership :- Senate :* President: Martin Van Buren... |
1833-1835 | CT (6), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2) |
| 24th 24th United States Congress -House of Representatives:During this congress one House seat was added for each of the new states of Arkansas and Michigan.-Leadership:- Senate :* President: Martin Van Buren * President pro tempore: William R. King - House of Representatives :... |
1835-1837 | CT (6), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2) |
| 25th 25th United States Congress -House of Representatives:-Leadership:- Senate :* President: Richard Mentor Johnson * President pro tempore: William R. King - House of Representatives :* Speaker: James K. Polk -Members:This list is arranged by chamber, then by state... |
1837-1839 | NH (5), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), RI (2) |
| 26th 26th United States Congress -House of Representatives:- Leadership :- Senate :*President: Richard M. Johnson *President pro tempore: William R. King - House of Representatives :*Speaker: Robert M.T. Hunter -Members:This list is arranged by chamber, then by state... |
1839-1841 | NH (5), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), RI (2) |
| 27th 27th United States Congress The Twenty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1841 to March 3, 1843, during the one-month... |
1841-1843 | AL (5), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NH (5), NJ (6), RI (2) |
| 28th 28th United States Congress -House of Representatives:Following the 1840 United States Census, Congress reapportioned the House to include 223 seats . During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Florida .- Senate :*President: Vacant... |
1843-1845 | NH (4), GA (8), MO (5), MS (4) |
| 29th 29th United States Congress -House of Representatives:During this congress, two House seats were added for each of the new states of Texas and Iowa.-Leadership:-Senate:* President: George M. Dallas * President pro tempore: Willie P. Mangum... |
1845-1847 | IA (2), NH (4), MO (5), MS (4) |
| 30th 30th United States Congress The Thirtieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1849, during the last two years of... |
1847-1849 | WI (2) |
| 31st 31st United States Congress The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, during the last 17 months... |
1849-1851 | CA (2) |
| 32nd 32nd United States Congress The Thirty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1851 to March 3, 1853, during the third and... |
1851-1853 | CA (2) |
| 33rd 33rd United States Congress The Thirty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1853 to March 3, 1855, during the first two years... |
1853-1855 | CA (2) |
| 34th 34th United States Congress The Thirty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1855 to March 4, 1857, during the last two years... |
1855-1857 | CA (2) |
| 35th 35th United States Congress The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857 to March 3, 1859, during the first two years of James... |
1857-1859 | CA (2), MN (2) |
| 36th 36th United States Congress The Thirty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1859 to March 4, 1861, during the third and fourth... |
1859-1861 | CA (2), MN (2) |
| 37th 37th United States Congress The Thirty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1861 to March 4, 1863, during the first two... |
1861-1863 | CA (3), MN (2) |
| 38th 38th United States Congress -House of Representatives:Before this Congress, the 1860 United States Census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 241 members... to 42nd 42nd United States Congress The Forty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1871 to March 3, 1873, during the third and fourth... |
1863-1873 | CA (3) |
| 43rd 43rd United States Congress The Forty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873 to March 4, 1875, during the fifth and sixth... to 47th 47th United States Congress The Forty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1881 to March 4, 1883, during the administration... |
1873-1883 | Fl (2), KS (3) |
| 48th 48th United States Congress The Forty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1883 to March 4, 1885, during the last two years... |
1883-1885 | ME (4) |
| 51st 51st United States Congress The Fifty-first United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C... |
1889-1891 | SD (2) |
| 52nd 52nd United States Congress The Fifty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C... |
1891-1893 | SD (2) |
| 53rd 53rd United States Congress The Fifty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1895, during the fifth and sixth... |
1893-1895 | SD (2), WA (2) |
| 54th 54th United States Congress - House of Representatives :-Leadership:- Senate :* President: Adlai E. Stevenson * President pro tempore: William P. Frye - Majority leadership :* Republican Conference Chairman: John Sherman- Minority leadership :... |
1895-1897 | SD (2), WA (2) |
| 55th 55th United States Congress -House of Representatives:* Republican: 206 * Democratic: 124* Populist: 22* Silver Republican: 3* Silver: 1* Independent Republican: 1TOTAL members: 357-Leadership:-Senate:* President: Garret Hobart * President pro tempore: William P... |
1897-1899 | SD (2), WA (2) |
| 56th 56th United States Congress -House of Representatives:- Leadership :- Senate :* President: Garret Hobart , until November 21, 1899 , vacant thereafter.* President pro tempore: William P. Frye * Democratic Caucus Chairman: James K. Jones... |
1899-1901 | SD (2), WA (2) |
| 57th 57th United States Congress -House of Representatives:*Democratic: 151*Republican: 200 *Populist: 5*Silver : 1TOTAL members: 357-Leadership:-Senate:* President: Theodore Roosevelt , until September 14, 1901, vacant thereafter.... |
1901-1903 | SD (2), WA (2) |
| 58th 58th United States Congress - House of Representatives :* Republican : 209 * Democratic : 176* Silver Republican : 1TOTAL members: 386-Senate:* President: Vacant* President pro tempore: William P. Frye -Members:... |
1903-1905 | ND (2), SD (2), WA (3) |
| 59th 59th United States Congress The Fifty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1905 to March 4, 1907, during the fifth and sixth... |
1905-1907 | ND (2), SD (2), WA (3) |
| 60th 60th United States Congress The Sixtieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1907 to March 4, 1909, during the last two years of... |
1907-1909 | ND (2), SD (2), WA (3) |
| 61st 61st United States Congress The Sixty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1909 to March 4, 1911, during the first two years of... |
1909-1911 | ND (2), SD (2) |
| 62nd 62nd United States Congress - House of Representatives :* Democratic : 230 * Republican : 162* Socialist : 1* Independent : 1TOTAL members: 394-Senate:* President: James S... |
1911-1913 | ND (2), NM (2), SD (2) |
| 63rd 63rd United States Congress - House of Representatives:*Democratic : 291 *Republican : 134*Progressive : 9*Independent : 1TOTAL members: 435-Senate:*President of the Senate: Thomas R. Marshall*President pro tempore: James P. Clarke-Senate:... |
1913-1915 | ID (2), MT (2), UT (2) |
| 64th 64th United States Congress The Sixty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1915 to March 4, 1917, during the third and fourth... |
1915-1917 | ID (2), MT (2) |
| 65th 65th United States Congress The Sixty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1917 to March 4, 1919, during the fourth and fifth... to 72nd 72nd United States Congress The Seventy-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1931 to March 4, 1933, during the last two years... |
1917-1933 | ID (2), MT (2) |
| 73rd 73rd United States Congress The Seventy-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1933 to January 3, 1935, during the first two years... |
1933-1935 | KY (9), MN (9), MO (13), ND (2), VA (9) |
| 74th 74th United States Congress -House:Also 2 Delegates, 3 Resident Commissioners-Senate:*President of the Senate: John N. Garner *President pro tempore: Key Pittman -Majority leadership:*Majority leader: Joseph T. Robinson... |
1935-1937 | ND (2) |
| 75th 75th United States Congress The Seventy-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1937 to January 3, 1939, during the first two years... |
1937-1939 | ND (2) |
| 76th 76th United States Congress The Seventy-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1939 to January 3, 1941, during the seventh and... |
1939-1941 | ND (2) |
| 77th 77th United States Congress -Major events:* December 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor* December 8, 1941: Joint Session of Congress met to hear President Roosevelt deliver his "Day of Infamy" speech... |
1941-1943 | ND (2) |
| 78th 78th United States Congress The Seventy-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1943 to January 3, 1945, during the last two years... |
1943-1945 | AZ (2), NM (2), ND (2) |
| 79th 79th United States Congress The Seventy-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1945 to January 3, 1947, during the last months of... |
1945-1947 | AZ (2), NM (2), ND (2) |
| 80th 80th United States Congress The Eightieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1947 to January 3, 1949, during the third and fourth... |
1947-1949 | AZ (2), NM (2), ND (2) |
| 81st 81st United States Congress The Eighty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives... |
1949-1951 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 82nd 82nd United States Congress The Eighty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1951 to January 3, 1953, during the last two years... |
1951-1953 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 83rd 83rd United States Congress The Eighty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1953 to January 3, 1955, during the first two years... |
1953-1955 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 84th 84th United States Congress The Eighty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1955 to January 3, 1957, during the third and... |
1955-1957 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 85th 85th United States Congress The Eighty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1957 to January 3, 1959, during the fifth and sixth... |
1957-1959 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 86th 86th United States Congress The Eighty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1959 to January 3, 1961, during the last two years... |
1959-1961 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 87th 87th United States Congress -House of Representatives :-Senate:* President: Richard Nixon , until January 20, 1961** Lyndon Johnson , from January 20, 1961* President pro tempore: Carl Hayden -House of Representatives:... |
1961-1963 | NM (2), ND (2) |
| 88th 88th United States Congress The Eighty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1963 to January 3, 1965, during the last year of... |
1963-1965 | AL (8), HI (2), NM (2) |
| 89th 89th United States Congress -House of Representatives:- Senate :* President of the Senate: Hubert Humphrey , starting January 20, 1965* President pro tempore: Carl Hayden - Majority leadership :* Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman: Mike Mansfield... |
1965-1967 | HI (2), NM (2) |
| 90th 90th United States Congress The Ninetieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1967 to January 3, 1969, during the last two years of... |
1967-1969 | HI (2), NM (2) |
| 91st 91st United States Congress The Ninety-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1969 to January 3, 1971, during the first two years... |
1969-1971 | HI (2) |
French version
The scrutin de liste (Fr.French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
scrutin, voting by ballot
Ballot
A ballot is a device used to record choices made by voters. Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared. In the simplest elections, a ballot may be a simple scrap of paper on which each voter writes in the name of a candidate, but governmental elections use pre-printed to protect the...
, and liste, a list) was, before World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, a system of election
Voting system
A voting system or electoral system is a method by which voters make a choice between options, often in an election or on a policy referendum....
of national representatives in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
by which the electors of a department voted for all the deputies to be elected in that department. It was comparable with the general ticket. It was distinguished from the scrutin d'arrondissement, also called scrutin uninominal, under which the electors in each arrondissement voted only for the deputy to be elected in it.
Nowadays, it is used on two-round bases
Two-round system
The two-round system is a voting system used to elect a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate...
to elect one third of the members of the Regional Council
Regional Council
Regional Council or regional council may refer to the following:*Regional Council *Regional Council, Hong Kong*Regional council *Regional Council - the Parliament of a Regione of Italy*Regional councils in New Zealand...
s, so to ensure a landslide victory to the party which receives a majority
Majority
A majority is a subset of a group consisting of more than half of its members. This can be compared to a plurality, which is a subset larger than any other subset; i.e. a plurality is not necessarily a majority as the largest subset may consist of less than half the group's population...
.
Italian version
In ItalyItaly
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, general ticket representation is the system used to elect one fifth of the members of the Regional Council
Regional Council
Regional Council or regional council may refer to the following:*Regional Council *Regional Council, Hong Kong*Regional council *Regional Council - the Parliament of a Regione of Italy*Regional councils in New Zealand...
s since 1995. As in French version, its goal is to ensure the assembly control by the leading coalition of parties. Differently from France, it is used on a single round of vote.