Fructosephosphates
Encyclopedia
Fructosephosphates are sugar phosphates
based upon fructose
, and are common in the biochemistry
of cell
s.
Fructosephosphates play integral roles in many metabolic pathway
s, particularly glycolysis
, gluconeogenesis
and the pentose phosphate pathway
.
The major biologically active fructosephosphates are:
Sugar phosphates
Sugar phosphates are often used in biological systems to store or transfer energy. They also form the backbone for DNA and RNA ....
based upon fructose
Fructose
Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a simple monosaccharide found in many plants. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion. Fructose was discovered by French chemist Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1847...
, and are common in the biochemistry
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes...
of cell
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos....
s.
Fructosephosphates play integral roles in many metabolic pathway
Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, metabolic pathways are series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by a series of chemical reactions. Enzymes catalyze these reactions, and often require dietary minerals, vitamins, and other cofactors in order to function...
s, particularly glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
, gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids....
and the pentose phosphate pathway
Pentose phosphate pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway is a process that generates NADPH and pentoses . There are two distinct phases in the pathway. The first is the oxidative phase, in which NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars...
.
The major biologically active fructosephosphates are:
- Fructose 1-phosphate
- Fructose 2-phosphate
- Fructose 6-phosphateFructose 6-phosphateFructose 6-phosphate is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6 . The β-D-form of this compound is very common in cells. The vast majority of glucose and fructose entering a cell will become converted to this at some point...
- Fructose 1,6-bisphosphateFructose 1,6-bisphosphateFructose 1,6-bisphosphate is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6 . The β-D-form of this compound is very common in cells...
- Fructose 2,6-bisphosphateFructose 2,6-bisphosphateFructose 2,6-bisphosphate abbreviated Fru-2,6-P2, is a metabolite that allosterically affects the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis...