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From Spirituals to Swing

 

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From Spirituals to Swing



 
 
From Spirituals to Swing was the title of two influential concerts presented by John Hammond
John H. Hammond

John Henry Hammond II was a record producer, musician and music critic from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In his service as a A&R, Hammond became one of the most influential figures in 20th Century popular music....
 in Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall

Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue , occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street , two blocks south of Central Park....
 on 23 December 1938 and 24 December 1939. The concerts included performances by Count Basie
Count Basie

William "Count" Basie was an United States Jazz piano, organist, bandleader, and composer. Widely regarded as one of the most important jazz bandleaders of his time, Basie led his popular Count Basie Orchestra for almost 50 years....
, Benny Goodman
Benny Goodman

Benjamin David Goodman, was an United States jazz musician, clarinetist and bandleader, known as "King of Swing ", "Patriarch of the Clarinet", "The Professor", and "Swing's Senior Statesman"....
, Big Joe Turner
Big Joe Turner

Big Joe Turner was an United States blues shouter from Kansas City, Missouri, Missouri....
 and Pete Johnson
Pete Johnson

Peter Johnson was an United States jazz pianist, best known as a leading boogie-woogie pianist....
, Helen Humes
Helen Humes

Helen Humes was an United States jazz and blues singer. The versatile Humes was successively a teenaged blues singer, band vocalist with Count Basie, saucy Rhythm and blues diva and a mature interpreter of the classy popular song....
, Meade Lux Lewis
Meade Lux Lewis

Meade Anderson "Lux" Lewis was a United States pianist and composer noted for his work in the Boogie Woogie style. His best known work, "Honky Tonk Train Blues", has been recorded in various contexts, often in a big band arrangement....
, Albert Ammons
Albert Ammons

Albert Ammons was an United States pianist. Ammons was the king of boogie-woogie, a bluesy jazz style that swept the United States from the late 1930s into the mid 1940s....
, Mitchell's Christian Singers
Mitchell's Christian Singers

Mitchell's Christian Singers were an United States Gospel music group...
, the Golden Gate Quartet, James P. Johnson
James P. Johnson

James Price Johnson [A.K.A. "Jimmy Johnson"] was an African-American pianist and composer. With Luckey Roberts, Johnson was one of the originators of the Stride piano style of jazz piano playing....
, Big Bill Broonzy
Big Bill Broonzy

Big Bill Broonzy was a prolific United States blues singer, songwriter and guitarist. His career began in the 1920s when he played Country blues to mostly black audiences....
, Sonny Terry
Sonny Terry

Saunders Terrell, better known as Sonny Terry was a Blindness blues musician. He was most widely known for his energetic blues harmonica style, which frequently included human voice whoops and hollers, and imitations of trains and fox hunts....
, and many others.

The idea was a history, starting with spirituals
Gospel music

Gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music....
 and leading up to big swing bands.

Most of these artists were little known at the time, and gospel
Gospel music

Gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music....
, jazz
Jazz

Jazz is a primarily American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions....
, and blues
Blues

Blues is a music genre based on the use of the blues chord progressions and the blue notes. Though several blues musical form s exist, the 12-bar blues chord progressions are the most frequently encountered....
 had rarely been presented in a respectful, concert format.






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From Spirituals to Swing was the title of two influential concerts presented by John Hammond
John H. Hammond

John Henry Hammond II was a record producer, musician and music critic from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In his service as a A&R, Hammond became one of the most influential figures in 20th Century popular music....
 in Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall

Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue , occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street , two blocks south of Central Park....
 on 23 December 1938 and 24 December 1939. The concerts included performances by Count Basie
Count Basie

William "Count" Basie was an United States Jazz piano, organist, bandleader, and composer. Widely regarded as one of the most important jazz bandleaders of his time, Basie led his popular Count Basie Orchestra for almost 50 years....
, Benny Goodman
Benny Goodman

Benjamin David Goodman, was an United States jazz musician, clarinetist and bandleader, known as "King of Swing ", "Patriarch of the Clarinet", "The Professor", and "Swing's Senior Statesman"....
, Big Joe Turner
Big Joe Turner

Big Joe Turner was an United States blues shouter from Kansas City, Missouri, Missouri....
 and Pete Johnson
Pete Johnson

Peter Johnson was an United States jazz pianist, best known as a leading boogie-woogie pianist....
, Helen Humes
Helen Humes

Helen Humes was an United States jazz and blues singer. The versatile Humes was successively a teenaged blues singer, band vocalist with Count Basie, saucy Rhythm and blues diva and a mature interpreter of the classy popular song....
, Meade Lux Lewis
Meade Lux Lewis

Meade Anderson "Lux" Lewis was a United States pianist and composer noted for his work in the Boogie Woogie style. His best known work, "Honky Tonk Train Blues", has been recorded in various contexts, often in a big band arrangement....
, Albert Ammons
Albert Ammons

Albert Ammons was an United States pianist. Ammons was the king of boogie-woogie, a bluesy jazz style that swept the United States from the late 1930s into the mid 1940s....
, Mitchell's Christian Singers
Mitchell's Christian Singers

Mitchell's Christian Singers were an United States Gospel music group...
, the Golden Gate Quartet, James P. Johnson
James P. Johnson

James Price Johnson [A.K.A. "Jimmy Johnson"] was an African-American pianist and composer. With Luckey Roberts, Johnson was one of the originators of the Stride piano style of jazz piano playing....
, Big Bill Broonzy
Big Bill Broonzy

Big Bill Broonzy was a prolific United States blues singer, songwriter and guitarist. His career began in the 1920s when he played Country blues to mostly black audiences....
, Sonny Terry
Sonny Terry

Saunders Terrell, better known as Sonny Terry was a Blindness blues musician. He was most widely known for his energetic blues harmonica style, which frequently included human voice whoops and hollers, and imitations of trains and fox hunts....
, and many others.

The idea was a history, starting with spirituals
Gospel music

Gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music....
 and leading up to big swing bands.

Most of these artists were little known at the time, and gospel
Gospel music

Gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music....
, jazz
Jazz

Jazz is a primarily American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions....
, and blues
Blues

Blues is a music genre based on the use of the blues chord progressions and the blue notes. Though several blues musical form s exist, the 12-bar blues chord progressions are the most frequently encountered....
 had rarely been presented in a respectful, concert format. Both Basie and Goodman, for instance, appeared not only with their bands, but with smaller combos. The concerts also featured unusual collaborators, such as Broonzy and James P. Johnson. Broonzy had been recruited as a replacement for Robert Johnson, who had died earlier in 1938.

The boogie woogie craze of the late 1930s and early '40s dates from these concerts. Johnson and Turner, along with Lewis and Ammons, basically continued as an act after the concerts with their appearances at the Cafe Society
Café Society

Caf? society was the collective description for the so-called "beautiful people" and "bright young things" who gathered in fashionable cafes and restaurants in Paris, London, Rome or New York City, beginning in the late 1800s....
 night club, as did many of the other performers. The stage moves and musical ecstasy of the gospel performers were new to the white audience, and presaged much that appeared later in rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues

Rhythm and blues is the name given to a wide-ranging genre of popular music first created by African Americans in the late 1940s and early 1950s....
 and rock and roll
Rock and roll

Rock and roll is a form of music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its roots lay mainly in rhythm and blues, Country music, folk music, gospel music, and jazz....
.

The recordings of the concerts commissioned by Hammond were acetate sound checks, and only transferred to tape in 1953 and released in 1959, with faked announcements recorded by Hammond the previous year. The album, reissued as a 3-CD set in 1999, is now considered a classic.