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A flume is an open artificial water channel, in the form of a gravity chute, that leads water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
 from a diversion dam
Diversion dam

A diversion dam is the term for a dam that diverts all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. Diversion dams do not generally impound water in a reservoir ....
 or weir
Weir

A weir is a small overflow-type dam commonly used to raise the level of a river or stream. Weirs have traditionally been used to create Water mills in such places....
 completely aside a natural flow
Flow

Flow may refer to:In science and technology:*Dataflow, computing term related to the flow of messages between software components*Environmental flow, the amount of water necessary in a watercourse to maintain a healthy ecosystem...
.






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Flume in Buckley Wa
Flume Little Sandy River
A flume is an open artificial water channel, in the form of a gravity chute, that leads water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
 from a diversion dam
Diversion dam

A diversion dam is the term for a dam that diverts all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. Diversion dams do not generally impound water in a reservoir ....
 or weir
Weir

A weir is a small overflow-type dam commonly used to raise the level of a river or stream. Weirs have traditionally been used to create Water mills in such places....
 completely aside a natural flow
Flow

Flow may refer to:In science and technology:*Dataflow, computing term related to the flow of messages between software components*Environmental flow, the amount of water necessary in a watercourse to maintain a healthy ecosystem...
. Often, the flume is an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. These have been extensively used in hydraulic mining
Hydraulic mining

Hydraulic mining, or hydraulicking, is a form of mining that employs water to dislodge rock material or move sediment. Previously, the use of a large volume of water had been developed by the Romans to remove overburden and then gold-bearing debris as in Las M?dulas of Spain, and Dolaucothi in Great Britain....
 and working placer deposit
Placer deposit

In geology, a placer deposit or placer is an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by deposition of dense mineral phases in a trap site....
s for gold
Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
, tin
Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Tin is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as an oxide, SnO2....
 and other heavy minerals. They are also used in the transportation of logs in the logging
Logging

Logging is the process in which certain trees are cut down for forest management and timber....
 industry, electric power generation and to power various mill operations by the use of a waterwheel.

Specialist flumes

A flume can be used to measure the rate of flow. Specific designs include the Parshall, Palmer-Bowlus, Trapezoidal, and H-Flume. See flow measurement
Flow measurement

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. It can be measured in a variety of ways....
. A sewer pipe can be used as a flow measurement flume by using the Manning formula
Manning formula

The Manning formula, known also as the Gauckler-Manning formula, or Gauckler-Manning-Strickler formula in Europe, is an Empirical relationship for open channel flow, or free-surface flow driven by gravity....
.

In competitive swimming
Swimming

Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through water, usually without artificial assistance. Swimming is an activity that can be both useful and recreational....
, specialized flumes with transparent sides are often employed by coaches to analyze a swimmer's technique. The speed of the flow is variable to accommodate the full spectrum of swimming styles and ability.

See also

  • Acequia
    Acequia

    An acequia is a community operated waterway used in Spain and former Spanish colonization of the Americas for irrigation. Particularly in the Andes, northern Mexico, and the modern-day American Southwest, acequias are usually historically engineered canals that carry snow runoff or river water to distant fields....
  • Aqueduct
    Aqueduct

    File:Tomar December 2008-4.jpgAn aqueduct is a water supply or navigable canal constructed to convey water. In modern engineering, the term is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose....
  • Canal
    Canal

    Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
  • Leat
    Leat

    A leat is the name, common in the south and west of England, for an artificial watercourse, or aqueduct, supplying water to a watermill or its mill pond....
  • Log flume
    Log flume

    A log flume is a flume specifically constructed to transport lumber and loggings down mountainous terrain to a sawmill by using flowing water. These watertight trough-like channels could be built to span a long distance across chasms and down steep mountain slopes....


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