Explosive-driven ferroelectric generator
Encyclopedia
An explosive-driven ferroelectric generator (EDFEG, explosively pumped ferroelectric generator, EPFEG, or FEG) is a compact pulsed power
generator, a device used for generation of short high-voltage
high-current
pulse. The energies available are fairly low, in the range of single joules, the voltages range in tens of kilovolts to over 100 kV, and the powers range in hundreds of kilowatts to megawatts.http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000706000001001313000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes&ref=nohttp://scholarsmine.mst.edu/post_prints/PulseChargingOfCapacitorBankByExplosive-Drive_09007dcc805e1b8e.html They are suitable for delivering high voltage
pulses to high-impedance
loads and can directly drive radiating circuits.
ECFEGs operate by releasing the electrical charge stored in the poled crystal structure of a suitable ferroelectric material, e.g. PZT
, by an intense mechanical shock.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4520397%2F4530649%2F04530693.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4530693&authDecision=-203 They are a kind of phase transition
generators.
The structure of a EDFEG is generally a block of a suitable high explosive, accelerating a metal plate into a target made of ferroelectric material.http://www.lokiconsult.com/products.html
FEGs find multiple uses due to their compact character; charging banks of capacitors, initiation of slapper detonator
arrays in nuclear weapon
s and other devices, driving nuclear fusion
reactions, powering pulsed neutron generator
s, seed power sources for stronger pulse generators (e.g. EPFCGs), electromagnetic pulse
generators, electromagnetic weapon
s, vector inversion generator
s, etc.
A 2.4 megawatt HERF generator (an EDFEG with a pulse forming network
directly driving a dipole antenna
) with peak output frequency at 21.4 MHz was demonstrated.http://przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/PDF/115/a115z630.pdf
Pulsed power
Pulsed power is the term used to describe the science and technology of accumulating energy over a relatively long period of time and releasing it very quickly thus increasing the instantaneous power.-Overview:...
generator, a device used for generation of short high-voltage
Voltage
Voltage, otherwise known as electrical potential difference or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points — or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points...
high-current
Electric current
Electric current is a flow of electric charge through a medium.This charge is typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor such as wire...
pulse. The energies available are fairly low, in the range of single joules, the voltages range in tens of kilovolts to over 100 kV, and the powers range in hundreds of kilowatts to megawatts.http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000706000001001313000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes&ref=nohttp://scholarsmine.mst.edu/post_prints/PulseChargingOfCapacitorBankByExplosive-Drive_09007dcc805e1b8e.html They are suitable for delivering high voltage
High voltage
The term high voltage characterizes electrical circuits in which the voltage used is the cause of particular safety concerns and insulation requirements...
pulses to high-impedance
Electrical impedance
Electrical impedance, or simply impedance, is the measure of the opposition that an electrical circuit presents to the passage of a current when a voltage is applied. In quantitative terms, it is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current in an alternating current circuit...
loads and can directly drive radiating circuits.
ECFEGs operate by releasing the electrical charge stored in the poled crystal structure of a suitable ferroelectric material, e.g. PZT
Lead zirconate titanate
Lead zirconate titanate , also called PZT, is a ceramic perovskite material that shows a marked piezoelectric effect. PZT-based compounds are composed of the chemical elements lead and zirconium and the chemical compound titanate which are combined under extremely high temperatures. A filter is...
, by an intense mechanical shock.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4520397%2F4530649%2F04530693.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4530693&authDecision=-203 They are a kind of phase transition
Phase transition
A phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase or state of matter to another.A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties....
generators.
The structure of a EDFEG is generally a block of a suitable high explosive, accelerating a metal plate into a target made of ferroelectric material.http://www.lokiconsult.com/products.html
FEGs find multiple uses due to their compact character; charging banks of capacitors, initiation of slapper detonator
Slapper detonator
A slapper detonator, also called exploding foil initiator , is a relatively recent kind of a detonator developed in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory...
arrays in nuclear weapon
Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission bomb test released the same amount...
s and other devices, driving nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy...
reactions, powering pulsed neutron generator
Neutron generator
Neutron generators are neutron source devices which contain compact linear accelerators and that produce neutrons by fusing isotopes of hydrogen together. The fusion reactions take place in these devices by accelerating either deuterium, tritium, or a mixture of these two isotopes into a metal...
s, seed power sources for stronger pulse generators (e.g. EPFCGs), electromagnetic pulse
Electromagnetic pulse
An electromagnetic pulse is a burst of electromagnetic radiation. The abrupt pulse of electromagnetic radiation usually results from certain types of high energy explosions, especially a nuclear explosion, or from a suddenly fluctuating magnetic field...
generators, electromagnetic weapon
Electromagnetic Weapon
Electromagnetic weapons are a type of directed energy weapons which use electromagnetic radiation to deliver heat, mechanical, or electrical energy to a target to cause various, sometimes very subtle, effects. They can be used against humans, electronic equipment, and military targets generally,...
s, vector inversion generator
Vector inversion generator
A vector inversion generator is an electric pulse compression and voltage multiplication device, allowing shaping a slower, lower voltage pulse to a narrower, higher-voltage one. VIGs are used in military technology, e.g...
s, etc.
A 2.4 megawatt HERF generator (an EDFEG with a pulse forming network
Pulse forming network
A Pulse Forming Network accumulates electrical energy over a comparatively long time, then releases the stored energy in the form of a relatively square pulse of comparatively short duration for various pulsed power applications...
directly driving a dipole antenna
Dipole antenna
A dipole antenna is a radio antenna that can be made of a simple wire, with a center-fed driven element. It consists of two metal conductors of rod or wire, oriented parallel and collinear with each other , with a small space between them. The radio frequency voltage is applied to the antenna at...
) with peak output frequency at 21.4 MHz was demonstrated.http://przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/PDF/115/a115z630.pdf
See also
- Explosively pumped flux compression generatorExplosively pumped flux compression generatorAn explosively pumped flux compression generator is a device used to generate a high-power electromagnetic pulse by compressing magnetic flux using high explosive....
- Explosive-driven ferromagnetic generatorExplosive-driven ferromagnetic generatorAn explosive-driven ferromagnetic generator is a compact pulsed power generator, a device used for generation of short high-voltage high-current pulse by releasing energy stored in a permanent magnet...