Ernest Clayton Andrews
Encyclopedia
Ernest Clayton Andrews was an Australia
n geologist
and botanist
.
Andrews was born in Balmain, New South Wales
, second chid of Fearleigh Leonard Montague, artist, and Alice Maud, née Smith. At three years of age, he and his sister were unofficially adopted by John Andrews and his wife Mary Ann, née Bennett. He was educated at the Teachers' College, Sydney
, and graduated from the University of Sydney
(B.A.
, 1894) with second-class honours in mathematics
.
At the University, he was influenced by the professor of geology, Edgeworth David
; later David chose him for geological expeditions to Fiji
and Tonga
. In 1898 he presented his first geological paper in Sydney to the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1901 with Charles Hedley
he examined the Queensland
coast and Great Barrier Reef
.
In 1908, at the invitation of the eminent geologist Grove Karl Gilbert
, Andrews went to the United States of America
, where he hiked and climbed with Gilbert in the Californian Sierra Nevada range. Andrews made the first ascent of Mt. Darwin
, elevation 13,837 feet, and its difficult summit pinnacle.
Andrews wrote three important papers on the theory of erosion, including Corrasion by gravity streams. Later he was taught field biology and published papers on Myrtaceae
and Leguminosae. Andrews was president of the Royal Society of New South Wales
in 1921; president of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
in 1937 and president of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
(A.N.Z.A.A.S.) 1930-32. In 1928, he was awarded the Clarke Medal
by the Royal Society of New South Wales and in 1931 he was awarded the Lyell Medal
by the Geological Society of London
.
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
n geologist
Geology
Geology is the science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which it evolves. Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth, as it provides the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates...
and botanist
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
.
Andrews was born in Balmain, New South Wales
Balmain, New South Wales
Balmain is a suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Balmain is located slightly west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Municipality of Leichhardt....
, second chid of Fearleigh Leonard Montague, artist, and Alice Maud, née Smith. At three years of age, he and his sister were unofficially adopted by John Andrews and his wife Mary Ann, née Bennett. He was educated at the Teachers' College, Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
, and graduated from the University of Sydney
University of Sydney
The University of Sydney is a public university located in Sydney, New South Wales. The main campus spreads across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the southwestern outskirts of the Sydney CBD. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania...
(B.A.
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
, 1894) with second-class honours in mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
.
At the University, he was influenced by the professor of geology, Edgeworth David
Edgeworth David
Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David KBE, DSO, FRS, was a Welsh Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer. A household name in his lifetime, David's most significant achievements were discovering the major Hunter Valley coalfield in New South Wales and leading the first expedition to reach the...
; later David chose him for geological expeditions to Fiji
Fiji
Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
and Tonga
Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
. In 1898 he presented his first geological paper in Sydney to the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1901 with Charles Hedley
Charles Hedley
Charles Hedley was a naturalist, active in Australia and winner of the 1925 Clarke Medal.-Early life:...
he examined the Queensland
Queensland
Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean...
coast and Great Barrier Reef
Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world'slargest reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,600 kilometres over an area of approximately...
.
In 1908, at the invitation of the eminent geologist Grove Karl Gilbert
Grove Karl Gilbert
Grove Karl Gilbert , known by the abbreviated name G. K. Gilbert in academic literature, was an American geologist....
, Andrews went to the United States of America
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, where he hiked and climbed with Gilbert in the Californian Sierra Nevada range. Andrews made the first ascent of Mt. Darwin
Mount Darwin (California)
Mount Darwin is a flat-topped mountain in the Sierra Nevada, on the border of between Fresno and Inyo counties in the Kings Canyon National Park and the Inyo National Forest of California. Two Australian geologists, Ernest Clayton Andrews and Willard D. Johnson, made the first recorded ascent on...
, elevation 13,837 feet, and its difficult summit pinnacle.
Andrews wrote three important papers on the theory of erosion, including Corrasion by gravity streams. Later he was taught field biology and published papers on Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae
The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here. All species are woody, with essential oils, and flower parts in multiples of four or five...
and Leguminosae. Andrews was president of the Royal Society of New South Wales
Royal Society of New South Wales
The Royal Society of New South Wales is a learned society based in Sydney, Australia. It was established as the Philosophical Society of Australasia on 27 June 1821...
in 1921; president of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
Linnean Society of New South Wales
The Linnean Society of New South Wales promotes the Cultivation and Study of the Science of Natural History in all its Branches and was founded in Sydney, New South Wales in 1874 and incorporated in 1884. It succeeded the Entomological Society of New South Wales, founded in 1862 and folded in...
in 1937 and president of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
The Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science is an organisation that was founded in 1888 by Archibald Liversidge as the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science to promote science. It was modelled on the British Association for the Advancement of Science...
(A.N.Z.A.A.S.) 1930-32. In 1928, he was awarded the Clarke Medal
Clarke Medal
The Clarke Medal is awarded by the Royal Society of New South Wales for distinguished work in the Natural sciences.Named in honour of the Reverend William Branwhite Clarke, one of the founders of the Society...
by the Royal Society of New South Wales and in 1931 he was awarded the Lyell Medal
Lyell Medal
The Lyell Medal is a prestigious annual scientific medal given by the Geological Society of London, equal in status to the Murchison Medal, awarded on the basis of research to an Earth Scientist of exceptional quality...
by the Geological Society of London
Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with the aim of "investigating the mineral structure of the Earth"...
.