Epizootic

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Epizootic

In epizoology

Epizoology

Epizoology is the study of disease patterns within animal populations. See epidemiology....
, an epizootic (from Greek

Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
epi- upon + zoion animal) is a disease

Disease

A disease or medical condition is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and Medical signs....
that appears as new cases in a given animal population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is "expected" based on recent experience (i.e. a sharp elevation in the incidence

Incidence (epidemiology)

Incidence is a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time period, it is better expressed as a proportion or a rate with a denominator....
rate). Epidemic

Epidemic

In epidemiology, an infection that is epidemic appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is "expected," based on recent experience ....
is the analogous term applied to human populations. High population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans....
is a major contributing factor to epizootics.

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In epizoology

Epizoology

Epizoology is the study of disease patterns within animal populations. See epidemiology....
, an epizootic (from Greek

Greek language

Disease

Incidence (epidemiology)

Epidemic

Population density

Aquaculture

Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Unlike fishing, aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, implies the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions....
is an industry

Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
sometimes plagued by disease because of the large number of fish

Fish

A fish is any marine biology vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic , covered with scale , and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins....
confined to a small area.

Defining an epizootic can be subjective, depending in part on what is "expected". An epizootic may be: a) restricted to a specific locale (an outbreak), b) general (an "epizootic") or c) widespread (panzootic

Panzootic

A panzootic is an epizootic that spreads across a large region , or even worldwide. The equivalent in human populations is called a pandemic....
). Because it is based on what is "expected" or thought normal, a few cases of a very rare disease (like a TSE

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a group of progressive conditions that affect the brain and nervous system of animals. According to the most widespread hypothesis they are transmitted by prions, though some other data suggest an involvement of a Spiroplasma infection....
outbreak in a Cervid population) might be classified as an "epizootic," while many cases of a common disease (like lymphocystis

Lymphocystis

Lymphocystis is a common virus disease of freshwater and Seawater fish.Aquarists often come across this virus when their fish are stressed such as when put into a new environment and the virus is able to grow....
in Esocids) would not.

Common diseases that occur at a constant but relatively high rate in the population are said to be "enzootic

Enzootic

Enzootic, is the non-human equivalent of endemism and means, in a broad sense, "belonging" or "native to", "characteristic of", or "prevalent in" a particular geography, race, field, area, or Natural environment; native to an area or scope....
." An example of an enzootic disease would be the influenza

Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease that affects birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the biological family Orthomyxoviridae ....
virus in some bird populations or, at a lower incidence, the Type IVb strain of VHS

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia is a deadly infectious fish disease caused by theViral hemorrhagic septicemia virus . It afflicts over 50 species of freshwater...
in certain Atlantic fish populations.

An example of an epizootic would be the 1990 outbreak of Newcastle disease

Newcastle disease

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious zoonotic bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species. Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epidemic on the poultry industries....
virus in double-crested cormorant

Double-crested Cormorant

The Double-crested Cormorant is a member of the cormorant family of seabirds. It occurs along inland waterways as well as in coastal areas, and is widely distributed across North America, from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska down to Florida and Mexico....
colonies on the Great Lakes

Great Lakes

The St. Lawrence River Great Lakes are a chain of fresh water lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada ? United States border. Consisting of Lakes Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth....
that resulted in the death of some 10,000 birds.

Zambia EUS outbreak

On September 14, 2007, epizootic

Epizootic

In epizoology, an epizootic is a disease that appears as new cases in a given animal population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is "expected" based on recent experience ....
ulcerative syndrome (EUS), a mysterious disease killed hundreds of sore

Sore

Sore may refer to:* A mild pain or ache* A small skin ulcer, usually open from skin infection* A slang term for angry* Sore, Landes, a village in the Landes d?partement of France...
-covered fish in River Zambezi

Zambezi

The Zambezi is the List of rivers by length river in Africa, and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The area of its drainage basin is 1,390,000 km? , slightly less than half that of the Nile....
. The Agriculture Minister of Zambia

Zambia

The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
, Ben Kapita, asked experts to investigate the outbreak to probe the cause to find out if the disease can be transmitted to humans.

Epizootic

Zambia EUS outbreak

See also