Elections in Yugoslavia
Encyclopedia
In Yugoslavia
, elections were held while it had existed as a Monarchy
, the first one being in 1918 for the Provisional Popular Legislature of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which was preceded by local elections of National Councils in former Austria-Hungary
, including the elections in Vojvodina
and Montenegro
for local parliaments) and the last being the parliamentary (National Assembly and half of the Senate) election of 1935. After the 1918 indirect ones, the 1920 parliamentary election
was the first direct one. Parliamentary Elections were held in 1923, 1925 and 1927, while with the new constitution a de facto Lower and Upper House were introduced in 1931 (the Senate next to the National Assembly). The 1931 elections weren't free, handled under a single-course dictatorship, while the 1935 and 1938 were handled under limited basic democratic principles, respectively
The country was broken by the Axis forces and occupied in 1941. After liberation, a referendum between two political options in 1945, also being the only referendum held in the old Yugoslavian state. The referendum was found dubious and criticized for being under worse conditions than the previous elections. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia
ran unopposed, and in turn promulgated a new Constitution in 1946 that abolished the monarchy and transformed the country into a Federated Republic, also abolishing multi-party elections.
Nevertheless, elections were held on several occasions. Candidates were, however, proposed only by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia or by the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia
as formally non-partisan candidates. Often, only one candidate has been proposed to electorate
. The first elections were held on November 10, 1945, and the second in 1950. A new Federal Electoral Law was introduced on September 9, 1953, and it defined electoral units, the number of deputies in individual republics' parliaments, the candidate requirements (excluding party affiliation) etc. These kind of elections were held in 1953, 1958, 1963, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1989.
With the decline of Communism, free elections were again reintroduced in 1990. These were held in each of the constituent republics:
According to abovementioned results, support for the former member parties of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia on the federal level at that point was between 35 and 40 %.
Serbia
and Montenegro
remained together after the dissolution of Yugoslavia
and had kept its name, ending the last remain of Yugoslavia after Montenegro's secession in 2006.
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
, elections were held while it had existed as a Monarchy
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918–1941...
, the first one being in 1918 for the Provisional Popular Legislature of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which was preceded by local elections of National Councils in former Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
, including the elections in Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
and Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
for local parliaments) and the last being the parliamentary (National Assembly and half of the Senate) election of 1935. After the 1918 indirect ones, the 1920 parliamentary election
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election, 1920
The 1920 Constitutional Assembly election of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes for the National Assembly took place on 28 November 1920....
was the first direct one. Parliamentary Elections were held in 1923, 1925 and 1927, while with the new constitution a de facto Lower and Upper House were introduced in 1931 (the Senate next to the National Assembly). The 1931 elections weren't free, handled under a single-course dictatorship, while the 1935 and 1938 were handled under limited basic democratic principles, respectively
The country was broken by the Axis forces and occupied in 1941. After liberation, a referendum between two political options in 1945, also being the only referendum held in the old Yugoslavian state. The referendum was found dubious and criticized for being under worse conditions than the previous elections. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na...
ran unopposed, and in turn promulgated a new Constitution in 1946 that abolished the monarchy and transformed the country into a Federated Republic, also abolishing multi-party elections.
Nevertheless, elections were held on several occasions. Candidates were, however, proposed only by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia or by the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia
Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia or SSRNJ , formerly the People's Front , was the largest and most influential mass organization in SFR Yugoslavia from August 1945 through 1990. In 1990 its membership was thirteen million, including most of the adult population of the country...
as formally non-partisan candidates. Often, only one candidate has been proposed to electorate
Electorate
Electorate may refer to:* voters, people entitled to vote in an election* electoral district or constituency, the geographic area of a particular election* The dominion of a Prince-elector in the Holy Roman Empire...
. The first elections were held on November 10, 1945, and the second in 1950. A new Federal Electoral Law was introduced on September 9, 1953, and it defined electoral units, the number of deputies in individual republics' parliaments, the candidate requirements (excluding party affiliation) etc. These kind of elections were held in 1953, 1958, 1963, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1989.
With the decline of Communism, free elections were again reintroduced in 1990. These were held in each of the constituent republics:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina municipal elections, 1990
- Bosnia and Herzegovina parliamentary election, 1990
- Croatian parliamentary election, 1990Croatian parliamentary election, 1990Parliamentary elections were held in Croatia on 22 April 1990, with a second round of voting on 6 May. The first free elections since multi-party politics were introduced, they resulted in a victory for the Croatian Democratic Union, which won 55 of the 80 seats...
- Macedonian parliamentary election, 1990
- Montenegrin municipal election, 1990Montenegrin municipal election, 1990- Results :- External links :*...
- Montenegrin parliamentary election, 1990
- Montenegrin presidential election, 1990Montenegrin presidential election, 1990Montenegrin presidential elections were held in 1990.-External links:*...
- Serbian parliamentary election, 1990Serbian parliamentary election, 1990Parliamentary elections in Serbia were held in 1990. The elections were called on September 29, after the adoption of the new constitution. The elections were held on December 9 and December 23....
- Serbian presidential election, 1990Serbian presidential election, 1990The Serbian presidential election, 1990 was held on December 9, 1990 in SR Serbia. The winner was Slobodan Milošević.-See also:* Elections in Serbia* Elections in Yugoslavia...
- Slovenian parliamentary election, 1990Slovenian parliamentary election, 1990Parliamentary elections were held in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia in 1990. The United List of Social Democrats emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 12 of the 80 seats.-Results:...
According to abovementioned results, support for the former member parties of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia on the federal level at that point was between 35 and 40 %.
Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
and Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
remained together after the dissolution of Yugoslavia
Dissolution of Yugoslavia
The Breakup of Yugoslavia refers to a series of conflicts and political upheavals resulting in the dissolution of Yugoslavia . The SFR Yugoslavia was a country that occupied a strip of land stretching from Central Europe to the Balkans – a region with a history of ethnic conflict...
and had kept its name, ending the last remain of Yugoslavia after Montenegro's secession in 2006.