Eduard Fischer (mycologist)
Encyclopedia
Eduard Fischer was a Swiss botanist and mycologist.
, a professor and director of the state botanic garden. Fischer studied at the University of Bern and graduated in 1883 with mushroom researcher Heinrich Anton de Bary in Strasbourg
, with whom he studied Gasteromycetes. During further studies in Berlin
during 1884–1885, he worked with Simon Schwendener
(1829–1919), August Wilhelm Eichler (1839–1887) and Paul Friedrich August Ascherson
(1834–1913). In 1885 Fischer was appointed as a lecturer at the University of Bern; 1893, he was promoted to Associate Professor. From 1897 to 1933 he was Professor of Botany and General Biology at the University, and succeeded his father as Director of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Institute in Berne
.
In 1899, Fischer married Johanna Gruner, who came from a scholarly family. He died in Berne on 18 November 1939, aged 78. He was the father of the pianist Kurt von Fischer.
s for central Europe of various ascomycete and basidiomycete groups, including rusts
. Fischer encouraged the plant pathologist Arthur Jaczewski to study mycology. His graduate students included the Lithuanian-born American physician Lydia Rabinowitsch
, and the mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann. Fischer became a member of the Linnean Society of London
in 1932.
Life
Fischer was the son of botanist Ludwig FischerLudwig Fischer
Ludwig Fischer was a racing driver from Germany, who raced successfully throughout the 1950s and into the early 1960s, mainly in German Formula 2, but also in hillclimbing and Formula Junior....
, a professor and director of the state botanic garden. Fischer studied at the University of Bern and graduated in 1883 with mushroom researcher Heinrich Anton de Bary in Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
, with whom he studied Gasteromycetes. During further studies in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
during 1884–1885, he worked with Simon Schwendener
Simon Schwendener
Simon Schwendener was a Swiss botanist who was a native of Buchs in the Canton of St. Gallen.In 1856 he received his doctorate at the University of Zurich, where afterwards he was an assistant to Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli...
(1829–1919), August Wilhelm Eichler (1839–1887) and Paul Friedrich August Ascherson
Paul Friedrich August Ascherson
Paul Friedrich August Ascherson was a German botanist. His author citation is Asch., although Aschers. has been used in the past....
(1834–1913). In 1885 Fischer was appointed as a lecturer at the University of Bern; 1893, he was promoted to Associate Professor. From 1897 to 1933 he was Professor of Botany and General Biology at the University, and succeeded his father as Director of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Institute in Berne
Berne
The city of Bern or Berne is the Bundesstadt of Switzerland, and, with a population of , the fourth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 43 municipalities, has a population of 349,000. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000...
.
In 1899, Fischer married Johanna Gruner, who came from a scholarly family. He died in Berne on 18 November 1939, aged 78. He was the father of the pianist Kurt von Fischer.
Work
Fischer produced major monographMonograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
s for central Europe of various ascomycete and basidiomycete groups, including rusts
Rust (fungus)
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales. About 7800 species are known. Rusts can affect a variety of plants; leaves, stems, fruits and seeds. Rust is most commonly seen as coloured powder, composed off tiny aeciospores which land on vegetation producing...
. Fischer encouraged the plant pathologist Arthur Jaczewski to study mycology. His graduate students included the Lithuanian-born American physician Lydia Rabinowitsch
Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner
Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner was an American physician.Lydia Rabinowitsch was born at Kovno, Russian Empire . She was educated at the girls' gymnasium of her native city, and privately in Latin and Greek, subsequently studying natural sciences at the universities of Zurich and Bern...
, and the mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann. Fischer became a member of the Linnean Society of London
Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is the world's premier society for the study and dissemination of taxonomy and natural history. It publishes a zoological journal, as well as botanical and biological journals...
in 1932.
Honors
- 1931: Honorary doctorate of the University of GenevaUniversity of GenevaThe University of Geneva is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland.It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin, as a theological seminary and law school. It remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for Enlightenment scholarship. In 1873, it...
- 1939: Honorary doctorate from the Medical Faculty of the University of BaselUniversity of BaselThe University of Basel is located in Basel, Switzerland, and is considered to be one of leading universities in the country...
Taxa described
- Aseroe arachnoideaAseroe arachnoideaAseroe arachnoidea is a species of basidiomycete fungi in the genus Aseroe....
E.Fisch. (1890) - Calostomataceae E.Fisch. (1900)
- Mattirolomyces E.Fisch. (1938)
- MelanogastraceaeMelanogastraceaeMelanogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Boletales....
E.Fisch. (1933) - Onygena arietina E.Fisch. (1897)
- PeronosporalesPeronosporalesThe Peronosporales are an order of water moulds which can be pathogenic.Many diseases of plants are sometimes classified under this order, but are sometimes considered members of order Pythiales. Some of these pathogenic protists include the organisms responsible for potato blight, eucalyptus...
E.Fisch. (1892) - PetchiomycesPetchiomycesPetchiomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...
E.Fisch. & Mattir. (1938) - PhallalesPhallalesThe Phallales are an order of fungi that is more or less synonymous with the gomphoid-phalloid clade. The order contains two families, the Claustulaceae and the Phallaceae, which collectively contain 26 genera and 88 species.-External links:...
E.Fisch. (1898) - Pisolithus kisslingii E.Fisch. (1906)
- Pisolithus marmoratus (Berk.) E.Fisch. (1900)
- Pseudohydnotrya E.Fisch. (1897)
- Puccinia actaeae-agropyri E.Fisch. (1901)
- Puccinia mayorii E.Fisch. 1904
- SaprolegnialesSaprolegnialesSaprolegniales is an order of freshwater mould that includes the Saprolegniaceae and other families....
E.Fisch. (1892) - Staheliomyces cinctus E.Fisch. (1921)
- Terfeziaceae E.Fisch. 1897
- Tuber malacodermum E.Fisch. (1923)
- TremellogasterTremellogasterTremellogaster is a fungal genus in the Diplocystaceae family. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Tremellogaster surinamensis, known from Surinam and Guyana....
E.Fisch. (1924) - TrichocomaceaeTrichocomaceaeTrichocomaceae is a family of the order Eurotiales. Taxa are saprobes with aggressive colonization strategies, adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. Family members are cosmopolitan in distribution, ubiquitous in soil and very common associates of decaying plant and food material. The...
E.Fisch. (1897)
Publications
- Berlese, A.N.; De-Toni, J.B.; Fischer, E. (1888). Sylloge Fungorum 7 (1): 1–498.
- Berlese, A.N.; De-Toni, J.B.; Fischer, E. (1888). Sylloge Fungorum 7 (2): 499.
- Fischer, E. (1886). "Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Fruchtkörper einiger Phalloideen. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 6: 1–51.
- Fischer, E. (1888). "Zur Kenntniss der Pilzgattung Cyttaria". Botanische Zeitung 46: 813–831.
- Fischer, E. (1888). "Zur Kenntniss der Pilzgattung Cyttaria". Botanische Zeitung 48: 842–846.
- Fischer, E. (1897). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Schweizerischen Rostpilze". Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 5: 393–394.
- Fischer, E. (1909). "Studien zur Biologie von Gymnosporangium juniperinum". Zeitschrift für Botanik 1: 683–714.
- Fischer, E. (1920, publ. 1921). "Zur Kenntnis von Graphiola und Farysia". Annales Mycologici 18: 188–197.
- Eduard Fischer (1922) "Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gattung Graphiola" (More contributions towards understanding of the genus Graphiola) in Annales Mycologici (Annals of Mycology) 20:3 pp. 228 - 237
- Fischer, E.; Albert Gäumann E.A. (1929) Biologie der pflanzenbewohnenden Pilze (Biology of the plant-inhabiting fungi)
- Fischer, E. (1933) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: Unterklasse Eubasidii. Reihe Gastromyceteae (ed. by Engler and Prantl)