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Edith Louisa Cavell (4 December 1865–12 October 1915) was a British World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 nurse and humanitarian. She is celebrated for helping hundreds of Allied
Allies of World War I

File:Map Europe alliances 1914-en.svgThe Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The main allies were the Russian Empire, French Third Republic, the British Empire, Kingdom of Italy , the Empire of Japan, and the United States....
 soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
. Her subsequent execution received significant sympathetic press coverage worldwide. She is well known for her statement that "patriotism is not enough." Her strong religious beliefs propelled Cavell to help all those who needed help, both German or the Allied soldiers.






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Quotations


I have no fear nor shrinking; I have seen death so often that it is not strange or fearful to me.

I thank God for this ten weeks' quiet before the end... Life has always been hurried and full of difficulty... This time of rest has been a great mercy.






Encyclopedia


Edith Louisa Cavell (4 December 1865–12 October 1915) was a British World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 nurse and humanitarian. She is celebrated for helping hundreds of Allied
Allies of World War I

File:Map Europe alliances 1914-en.svgThe Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The main allies were the Russian Empire, French Third Republic, the British Empire, Kingdom of Italy , the Empire of Japan, and the United States....
 soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
. Her subsequent execution received significant sympathetic press coverage worldwide. She is well known for her statement that "patriotism is not enough." Her strong religious beliefs propelled Cavell to help all those who needed help, both German or the Allied soldiers. She was quoted as saying, "I can’t stop while there are lives to be saved".

Early life and career

Edith Cavell (pronounced /'kæv?l/ to rhyme with 'travel') was born in 1865 at Swardeston
Swardeston

Swardeston is a village four miles south of Norwich in Norfolk, England, on high ground above the River Tas valley....
 in Norfolk
Norfolk

Norfolk is a low-lying Counties of England in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and with Suffolk to the south....
, England, where her father, the Reverend Frederick Cavell, was a priest for 45 years. After a period as a governess, she trained as a nurse
Nurse

A nurse is a healthcare professional, who along with other health care professionals, is responsible for the treatment, safety, and recovery of Acute or Chronic ill or injured people, health maintenance of the healthy, and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care settings....
 at the Royal London Hospital
Royal London Hospital

The Royal London Hospital was founded in September 1740 and was originally named The London Infirmary . The first patients were treated at a house in Featherstone Street, Moorfields in November 1740....
 and in 1903 was appointed matron of the Berkendael Institute, founded by Antoine Depage
Antoine Depage

Dr. Antoine Depage , was the Belgium royal surgeon, the founder and president of the Belgian Red Cross, and one of the founders of Scouting in Belgium....
, in Brussels
Brussels

Brussels , officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is the de facto capital city of the European Union and the largest urban area in Belgium....
, Belgium. On 10 October 1907, Depage founded L'École d'Infirmière Dimplonier, and Edith Cavell became the first director of this new nursing school. When World War I broke out, the hospital was taken over by the Red Cross.

World War I and execution

Nurse Cavell helped hundreds of soldiers from the Allied forces
Allies of World War I

File:Map Europe alliances 1914-en.svgThe Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The main allies were the Russian Empire, French Third Republic, the British Empire, Kingdom of Italy , the Empire of Japan, and the United States....
 to escape occupied Belgium to the neutral Netherlands, in violation of German military law
Military law

Military law is a distinct legal system to which members of armed forces are subject. Most countries have special additional laws, and often a legal system, which are applicable to members of their military but not usually to civilians....
. She was arrested on 3 August 1915 and charged with harbouring Allied soldiers, not for espionage. She was held in prison for 10 weeks, the last two in solitary confinement , and court-martialled. The British Government said they could do nothing to help her - Sir Horace Rowland of the Foreign Office said, "I am afraid that it is likely to go hard with Miss Cavell; I am afraid we are powerless." The sentiment was echoed by Lord Robert Cecil, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs. "Any representation by us", he advised, "will do her more harm than good."
Ac
The United States, which had not yet joined the war, did not agree. Hugh S. Gibson, First Secretary of the American legation at Brussels, made clear to the German government that executing Cavell would further harm their nation's already damaged reputation. Later, he wrote:
"We reminded him (Baron von der Lancken) of the burning of Louvain
Rape of Belgium

The Rape of Belgium was a series of German war crimes in the opening months of World War I. The neutrality of Belgium had been guaranteed by Prussia in 1839....
 and the sinking of the Lusitania
RMS Lusitania

RMS Lusitania was a Lusitania-Class Great Britain luxury ocean liner owned by the Cunard Line and built by John Brown and Company of Clydebank, Scotland, torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915....
, and told him that this murder would stir all civilized countries with horror and disgust. Count Harrach broke in at this with the rather irrelevant remark that he would rather see Miss Cavell shot than have harm come to one of the humblest German soldiers, and his only regret was that they had not 'three or four English old women to shoot.'"
Baron von der Lancken stated that Cavell should be pardoned because of her complete honesty, and because she had helped save so many lives, including those of German as well as Allied soldiers. However, the German military acted quickly to execute Cavell so higher authorities would not issue the pardon.

She made no defence, admitting her actions, and was ordered to be executed by firing squad
Execution by firing squad

Execution by firing squad is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in times of war. The firing squad is generally composed of several soldiers or peace officers....
 at 6am on 12 October, less than ten hours after sentence was passed.

The night before her execution she told the Anglican chaplain, Reverend H. Stirling Gahan, who had been allowed to see her and to give her Holy Communion, "Patriotism is not enough, I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone." These words are inscribed on her statue in St Martin's Place, near Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London, it is a tourist attraction; its trademark is Nelson's Column which stands in the centre and the four lion statues that guard the column....
 in London.

Her final words to the German chaplain, Le Seur, were recorded as, "Ask Father Gahan to tell my loved ones later on that my soul, as I believe, is safe, and that I am glad to die for my country."

There are conflicting reports of the execution: according to one account, on the way to the wall she became faint, stumbled and fell; while she was unconscious, the German commanding officer took a revolver and shot her dead . However, the eyewitness account of Pastor Le Seur, who attended Cavell in her final hours, asserts that the firing squad functioned normally, with eight soldiers firing at Cavell while eight others executed a Belgian civilian, Philippe Baucq. The German medical officer assisting was the expressionist poet Gottfried Benn
Gottfried Benn

Gottfried Benn was a Germany essayist, novelist, and expressionist poet. A doctor of medicine, he became an early admirer, and later a critic, of the National Socialist German Workers Party revolution....
 who gave an account of the event.

Cavell became a popular martyr and entered British history as a heroine. The execution took place at the Tir National, a state military site (today a memorial, near the State television buildings), where she was buried. Edith Cavell's case became an important article of British propaganda
Propaganda

Propaganda is the dissemination of information aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. As opposed to Objectivity providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience....
 for the remainder of the war.

After the war, Edith Cavell's body was exhumed and returned to the UK. "Written permission from the minister of war at Berlin" had to be obtained for the exhumation. King George V
George V of the United Kingdom

George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
 and Queen Mary
Mary of Teck

Mary of Teck was the queen consort of George V of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall and Princess of Wales....
 visited the site of her burial, as did King Albert I of Belgium
Albert I of Belgium

Albert I was the third King of the Belgians from 1909 until 1934....
. Her body was exhumed on 17 March 1919 and in May was transported by rail to Ostend where it was placed on HMS Rowena. From Dover, the coffin was accompanied to London by family members in a special railway carriage, while schoolchildren lined the route. Cavell's coffin, covered by the Union Flag
Union Flag

The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national Flag of the United Kingdom. Historically, the flag was used throughout the former British Empire....
, was placed on a gun-carriage pulled by six horses. Crowds of people lined the route of the funeral procession from Victoria Station to Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey

The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic architecture Church , in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster....
, where her funeral, attended by the King, took place on 15 May. The funeral cortege then travelled from Liverpool Street Station to Thorpe Station
Norwich railway station

Norwich railway station is a railway station serving the city of Norwich in the England county of Norfolk. The station is the Terminal station of the Great Eastern Main Line from London Liverpool Street....
, Norwich, where the coffin was placed on a gun carriage and was escorted to Norwich Cathedral
Norwich Cathedral

Norwich Cathedral is a Church of England cathedral in Norwich in Norfolk, England dedicated to the Holy and Undivided Trinity....
 by the Norfolk Regiment, for burial on Life's Green at the east end of the cathedral. Every year a service is held at the grave.

Role in World War I propaganda

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In the months and years following Cavell's death, countless newspaper articles, pamphlets, images, and books publicised her story. She became an iconic propaganda figure for military recruitment in Britain, and to help increase favourable American sentiment towards the Allies. Cavell was a popular icon due to her sex, her nursing profession, and her apparently heroic approach to death. Her execution was represented as an act of German barbarism and moral depravity, as the title of one of the many biographies written about her in 1915 proclaims: The Martyrdom of Nurse Cavell: The Life Story of the Victim of Germany's Most Barbarous Crime. Along with the invasion of Belgium, and the sinking of the Lusitania, Cavell's execution was widely publicised in both Britain and America by Wellington House
Wellington House

Wellington House is the more common name for Britain's War Propaganda Bureau, which operated during World War I from Wellington House, a building located in Buckingham Gate, London, which was the headquarters of the National Insurance Commission before the War....
, the British War Propaganda Bureau.

One image of Cavell promoted in postcards and newspaper illustrations during the war depicted her as an innocent, girlish nurse, in spite of the fact that she was 49 at the time of her death. These images implied that men must enlist in the armed forces immediately in order to stop the murder of innocent British females.

The second representation of Cavell during World War I described her as a mature, brave, patriotic woman who devoted her life to nursing and died to save others. British propaganda ignored anything that did not fit this image, including the suggestion that Cavell, during her interrogation, had given information that incriminated others. In November 1915, the British Foreign Office issued a denial that Cavell had implicated anyone else in her testimony.

During World War I, the French shot a number of women, including two German nurses who aided German prisoners of war to escape. The German government did nothing to publicise the incident. When asked why not, the German officer in charge of war propaganda replied, "What? Protest? The French had a perfect right to shoot them!".

Because of the British government's decision to use her story as propaganda, Cavell became the most prominent British female casualty of World War I. The combination of heroic appeal and a resonant atrocity-story narrative made Cavell's case one of the most effective in British propaganda of World War I.

Memorials


Following her death, many memorials were created around the world to remember Cavell. One of the first occurred in October 1918 when Queen Alexandra
Alexandra of Denmark

Alexandra of Denmark was queen consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom and thus Empress of India during her husband's reign, 1901 to 1910....
 unveiled a monument in the grounds of Norwich Cathedral, near a home for nurses which also bore her name. On May 19, 1919 her body was interred near the memorial. Other memorials include:
  • A stone memorial, including a statue of Cavell, adjacent to Trafalgar Square
    Trafalgar Square

    Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London, it is a tourist attraction; its trademark is Nelson's Column which stands in the centre and the four lion statues that guard the column....
     in London.
  • Cavell Gardens, Inverness
    Inverness

    Inverness is a City status in the United Kingdom in northern Scotland. The city is the administrative centre for the Highland Council areas of Scotland, and it is promoted as the capital of the Scottish Highlands....
    , Scotland
    Scotland

    conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
    , UK
  • Edith Cavell Drive Steeple Bumpstead
    Steeple Bumpstead

    Steeple Bumpstead is a village in Braintree , Essex, England, 3 miles south of Haverhill, Suffolk.The parish church does not actually have a steeple, however the Congregational Church has a small Victorian era one....
    , UK
  • Cavell Avenue, Twin Cities
    Twin cities

    Twin cities are a special case of two city or urban centres which are founded in close geography proximity and then grow into each other over time....
    , Minnesota
    Minnesota

    Minnesota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States of the United States. The twelfth largest state by area in the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with just over five million residents....
  • A marble and stone memorial near The Shrine
    Shrine of Remembrance

    The Shrine of Remembrance, located in St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Melbourne, is one of the largest war memorials in Australia, and resides in Kings Domain....
     in Melbourne, Australia.
  • Cavell Street, running next to the London Hospital in Whitechapel
    Whitechapel

    Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England. It is located east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Hanbury Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and Commercial Road on the south....
    , where Cavell trained.
  • Cavell Street, West Hobart, Tasmania
    West Hobart, Tasmania

    West Hobart is an inner-city suburb of Hobart, Tasmania . It is located in the hills immediately west of the city centre, and shares the postcode 7000 with that district....
    , Australia.
  • An inscription on a war memorial, naming the 35 people executed by the German Army outside the gaol in which they were killed.
  • Mount Edith Cavell
    Mount Edith Cavell

    Mount Edith Cavell is a mountain located in the Athabasca River and Astoria River valleys of Jasper National Park, Canada. The mountain was named in 1916 for Edith Cavell, an English nurse executed by the Germans during World War I for having helped allied solders escape from occupied Belgium to the Netherlands, in violation of military law....
    , a peak in the Canadian Rockies
    Canadian Rockies

    The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canada segment of the North American Rocky Mountains mountain range. The southern end in Alberta and British Columbia borders Idaho and Montana of the United States....
    , named in 1916.
  • Rue Edith Cavell, a street in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Edith Cavell Clinic, Brussels, Belgium.
  • Avenue Edith-Cavell, in Nice
    Nice

    Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
    , France.
  • Rua Edith Cavell, a street in Lisbon
    Lisbon

    Lisbon is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. It is also the seat of the Lisbon and capital of the Lisbon region. Its municipalities of Portugal, which matches the city proper excluding the larger continuous conurbation, has a municipal population of 564,477 in , while the Lisbon Metropolitan Area in total has around 2.8 million inha...
    , Portugal.
  • Cavell Drive in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Cavell Avenue in Guelph, Ontario
  • Edith Cavell Boulevard, a road in Port Stanley, Ontario
    Port Stanley, Ontario

    Port Stanley is a community in the Municipality of Central Elgin, Ontario, Elgin County, located on the north shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of Kettle Creek ....
    .
  • Cavell Avenue, in Trenton, New Jersey
    Trenton, New Jersey

    Trenton is the Capital of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County, New Jersey. As of 2007, the United States Census Bureau estimated that the City of Trenton had a population of 82,804....
    .
  • Cavell Corona
    List of coronae on Venus

    This is a list of named Corona on Venus. With a few exceptions, cytherean coronae are named after fertility and earth goddesses....
    , a geological feature on Venus
    Venus

    Venus is the second-closest planet to the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. The planet is named after Venus , the Roman mythology goddess of love....
    .
  • Hospitals in Peterborough
    Peterborough

    Peterborough is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of as of June 2006. For ceremonial counties of England purposes it is in the Counties of England of Cambridgeshire....
     and the Brussels borough of Uccle
    Uccle

    Ukkel or Uccle is one of the nineteen Municipalities in Belgium located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium.Uccle is known for its well-to-do areas, its green spots and its high rental rates....
     (Ukkel), a wing of the Toronto Western Hospital
    Toronto Western Hospital

    The Toronto Western Hospital is located at the corner of Bathurst Street and Dundas Street, Toronto West in Toronto, Canada. It is part of the University Health Network....
    , schools in Vancouver, British Columbia (Edith Cavell Elementary School
    Edith Cavell Elementary School

    Edith Cavell Elementary is a public elementary school named in memory of Edith Cavell in Vancouver, British Columbia, part of School District 39 Vancouver....
    ), St. Catharines, Ontario
    St. Catharines, Ontario

    St. Catharines is the largest city in Canada's Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario, Canada, with 97.11 square kilometres of land....
    , Moncton, New Brunswick and Bedford
    Bedford

    Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire, in the East of England. It is a large town and the administrative centre for the wider Bedford . According to Bedfordshire County Council's estimates, the town had a population of 79,190 in mid 2005, with 19,720 in the adjacent town of Kempston....
    , England, a building at the University of Queensland
    University of Queensland

    The University of Queensland is one of Australia's premier learning and research institutions. The University is a founding member of the national Group of Eight, an alliance of research-strong, mostly "Sandstone universities" committed to ensuring that Australia has higher education institutions which are genuinely world class....
    ,a street in Hillbrow, Johannesburg
    Johannesburg

    Johannesburg also known as Joburg, is the largest city in South Africa. Johannesburg is the province Capital of Gauteng the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa....
    , South Africa
    South Africa

    The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
     and a bridge in Queenstown, New Zealand.
  • The Edith Cavell Trust was established by the New South Wales Nurses' Association
    New South Wales Nurses' Association

    The New South Wales Nurses' Association in a trade union which represents nurses in both the public and private sectors of New South Wales, Australia....
     which provides scholarships to nurses in New South Wales
    New South Wales

    New South Wales is Australia's oldest and most populous States and territories of Australia, located in the south-east of the country, north of Victoria and south of Queensland....
    .
  • The Edith Cavell Nursing Scholarship Fund is a philanthropy of the Dallas County Medical Society Alliance Foundation and provides scholarships to exceptional nursing students in Dallas, Texas
    Dallas, Texas

    Dallas is the third largest city in the state of Texas and the List of United States cities by population in the United States.The city, with a population of over 1.3 million, is the main economic center of the 12-county Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex which contains 6.1 million people, and is the fourth-largest United States metropolitan area...
     and the surrounding area.
  • University of East Anglia
    University of East Anglia

    The University of East Anglia is a public university research university located in Norwich, England, and founded in 1963. The university is a member of the 1994 Group of research-intensive universities....
    , Norwich, named its School of Nursing and Midwifery centre, the Edith Cavell building , when it opened next to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
    Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital

    The Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital is a National Health Service academic teaching hospital located on the off the A11 road and the Watton Road on the southern outskirts of Norwich, England....
     in 2006.
  • A street in Port Louis
    Port Louis

    Port Louis is the Capital of Mauritius. It is the largest city of the country and main port, which borders the Indian Ocean. It is located in the Port Louis District....
    , Mauritius
    Mauritius

    Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius, , is an island nation off the coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometres east of Madagascar....
    .
  • In Peterborough
    Peterborough

    Peterborough is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of as of June 2006. For ceremonial counties of England purposes it is in the Counties of England of Cambridgeshire....
     where she spent part of her education, there is a memorial in the cathedral
    Peterborough Cathedral

    Peterborough Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew – also known as Saint Peter's Cathedral – the seat of the Bishop of Peterborough, is dedicated to Saint Peter, Paul of Tarsus and Saint Andrew whose statues look down from the three high gables of the famous West Front....
    .
  • A middle school in Windsor, Ontario
    Windsor, Ontario

    Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Windsor is located south of Detroit, Michigan, is separated from that city by the Detroit River, and has views of the Detroit skyline....
     which closed in 1987.
  • An elementary school in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
    Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

    Sault Ste. Marie is a city on the St. Marys River in Ontario, Canada. It is the third largest city in Northern Ontario, after Greater Sudbury and Thunder Bay, with a population of 74,948....
     which was later renamed to S.F. Howe.
  • Edith Cavell Regional School of Nursing, in Belleville, Ontario
    Belleville, Ontario

    Belleville is a city located at the mouth of the Moira River on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario, Canada, in the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor....
    .
  • Cavell Building, Quinte Children's Treatment Centre, Belleville, Ontario
    Belleville, Ontario

    Belleville is a city located at the mouth of the Moira River on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario, Canada, in the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor....
    .
  • Edith Cavell Condominiums in Ontario Street, Windsor, Ontario
    Windsor, Ontario

    Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Windsor is located south of Detroit, Michigan, is separated from that city by the Detroit River, and has views of the Detroit skyline....
    .
  • The English state boarding school Wymondham College
    Wymondham College

    Wymondham College is a state boarding school, located in Norfolk, England, that was the largest in Europe when it opened in 1951. It is a specialist Technology College and Modern language college....
     has a boarding block named after her.
  • A dedication on the war memorial in the grounds of Sacred Trinity Church, Chapel St, Salford
    Salford

    Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Salford is located by a meander of the River Irwell, which forms its boundary with the city of Manchester to the east....
    .
  • A guest house in Clevedon, Somerset (Cavell House) where she spent some of her childhood.
  • Variety of rose first bred in 1917 is named after her
  • A YWCA camp in Lexington, Michigan
    Lexington, Michigan

    Lexington is a village in Sanilac County, Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,104 at the 2000 United States Census. The village is located within Lexington Township, Michigan....
    .
  • Edith
    Edith

    Edith is a female given name, derived from the Old English words ead, meaning 'riches or blessed', and gy?, meaning 'war', and is in common usage in this form in English language, German language, many Scandinavian language languages and Dutch language....
     became a popular French and Belgian girls' name after her execution. The French chanteuse Édith Piaf
    Édith Piaf

    ?dith Piaf was a France singer and cultural icon of partly algeria and Italy descent who "is almost universally regarded as France's greatest popular singer." Her singing reflected her life, with her specialty being ballads....
    , born two months after she was executed, was the best known.


Further reading

  • Kindred Spirit: Memory, Landscape and the Martyrdom of Edith Cavell, by Katie Pickles, Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan (due for publication June 2007), ISBN 1-4039-8607-X
  • The Edith Cavell Nurse from Massachusetts—The War Letters of Alice Fitzgerald, an American Nurse Serving in the British Expeditionary Force, Boulogne-The ... ... Trial, And Death of Nurse Edith Cavell by Alice L. Fitzgerald, E. Lymon Cabot (July 2006), Publisher: Diggory Press, ISBN 1-84685-202-1
  • A Journal from our Legation in Belgium bu Hugh Gibson, Doubleday vPage, New York, 1917.
  • Edith Cavell by Sally Grant, David Yaxley and Robert Yaxley (illustrators), Publisher: The Larks Press (May 1995) ISBN 0-948400-28-5
  • A whisper of eternity;: The mystery of Edith Cavell by A. A Hoehling, Publisher: T. Yoseloff (1957),
  • Friend Within the Gates: The Story of Nurse Edith Cavell, by Elizabeth Grey, Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Co (June 1971), ISBN 0-395-06786-3
  • The Story of Edith Cavell, by Iris Vinton, Publisher: Grosset & Dunlap (1959),
  • Dawn;: A biographical novel of Edith Cavell, by Reginald Cheyne Berkeley, Publisher: Sears (1928),
  • Edith Cavell, by Rowland Ryder, Publisher: Hamilton (1975), ISBN 0-241-89173-6
  • Edith Cavell: Nurse, Spy, Heroine, by Leeuwen, Published: G. P. Putnams Sons (1968),
  • Edith Cavell, heroic nurse, by Juliette Elkon Hamelecourt, Publisher: J. Messner (1956),
  • The Secret Task of Nurse Cavell: A Story about Edith Cavell, by Jan Johnson, Publisher: Harper San Francisco (1979), ISBN 0-03-041661-2
  • A noble woman: The life story of Edith Cavell, by Ernest Protheroe, Publisher: C.H. Kelly; 3rd ed edition (1918),
  • With Edith Cavell in Belgium, by Jacqueline Van Til, Publisher: H.W. Bridges (1922),
  • Ready to Die: The Story of Edith Cavell (Faith in Action Series), by Brian Peachment, Publisher: Canterbury Press, ISBN 0-08-024189-1
  • In memoriam: Edith Cavell, by William S. Murphy, Publisher: Stoneham (1916),
  • The case of Edith Cavell: A study of the rights of non-combatants, by James M. Beck, Publisher: G.P. Putnam's Sons,
  • The secret trial: An unhistorical charade suggested by the life and death of Edith Cavell, by Richard Heron Ward,
  • The Dutiful Edith Cavell, by Noel Boston, Publisher: Norwich Cathedral (1955),


External links