EHF – therapy
Encyclopedia
EHF therapy is a biophysical theory
studying mechanisms of action on the living organism of electromagnetic radiation
(EMR) of millimeter range (1–10 mm) high frequency (30–300 GHz) of low intensity, and medical practice using effects of the above mentioned action at treatment of different ailments.
Electromagnetic waves of millimeter range are of low penetrative capacity in biological tissue
(0,2-0,8 mm), they are practically fully absorbed by surface layers of the skin
(water molecules, hydrated albumens, molecules of collagen
, cells of connective tissue
), without any thermal action. Thus, EHF waves don’t act directly on internal organs of the patient.(1\2)
Theoretical and experimental basis of EHF therapy was developed in the second half of 1980s by Academician
Nikolay Devyatkov
of NPO “Istok” the leading soviet enterprise in the field of electronics
and SHF (city of Fryazino
, Moscow Oblast
) and by professor
Mikhail Golant and their colleagues. They carried out voluminous work dedicated to the study of the effect of tissue regeneration of living organisms due to the EHF radiation of fixed particles of low intensity. This effect was studied on animals and at clinical studies in a number of USSR medical institutions on patients with different ailments. Accelerated healing
of damaged tissues was stated, as well as subjective sensations of patients. Authorised agencies of the USSR Ministry of health approved methods used in EHF therapy in clinical practice and issued positive opinion as for serial production and medical application of EHF therapy apparatus “Yav-1” developed in NPO “Istok”.(4\5) Nikolay Deviatkov (head of the project), Mikhail Golant, Oleg Betsky and other scholars were awarded Russian Federation State 2000 Prize for “Development and implementation of apparatuses for treatment and functional diagnostics using low intensity electromagnetic millimeter range oscillations”.
and colleagues) explained “high efficiency” of action of 5,6 or 7,1 mm range waves on the human organism by the fact that exactly on these discrete “resonance” frequencies takes place coordinated management of cells and organs of the organism. EHF signals are generated by cell membrane
s, these signals accelerate different biochemical reactions, change enzymatic activity, reinforce or weaken intercellular connections. They think that radiation at these frequencies allow to normalize guiding connections of cells and organs of the organism damaged by disease or ageing. They recognized at the same time that such interpretation is no more than hypothesis
.
Presently the idea is widely spread that the main mechanism of EHF therapy is action of EHF waves on biologically active points of the skin which is in its essence a variant of reflexology
.
Other theories exist which explain effects of EHF action, such as for instance “Electromagnetic homeopathy
”, “Wave-Informational therapy” (using action of broad band EHF signal) and others.
- Dependence of general biological effects from parameters of EHF radiation, which depends on the carrier frequency
, power and radiation dosage was revealed. Organ-specific effects to a larger degree depend on the zone of action and low-frequency modulation of EMI EHF range.
- It is revealed, that EMI EHF range has hemostimulating, antioxidant
and adapting effects along with cytostatic damage of organs (Kareva N.P., 2007)
- Increase in proliferating activity of dermal fibroblast
s and improvement in tissular blood flow at radiation of EMI EHF range in patients with dystrophic pathology of articulations (Polyakov A.G., 2004) is described
- Trophic influence of EMI EHF range on the structures of hip joint was discovered, as well as improvement of reparatory processes, decrease of autointoxication, correction of disrupted parameters of hemostasis in rats with combined damage (total radiation at dose of 5 Gy and inflicted cut skin wound) (Kapustina N.B. 2002)
- Normalizing influence on bioelectric activity of the brain (decrease of disfunction signs at diencephalic
level), decrease of manifestation of asthenia and painful symptoms, optimizing action on reactivity of VNS (vegetative nervous system) at exercise tolerance tests (active orthostatic test) were stated (Mashanskaya A.V., 2007)
“Yav-1” is produced in two modifications: “Yav-1-5,6” frequency 53534±10 MHz (wave length 5,60 mm) and “Yav-1-7,1” frequency 42194±10 MHz (wave length 7,105mm).
Power density of radiation
on the aperture of mouthpiece - is not less than 10 mW/cm². Apparatus was designed for use both at home (independently by patients) and in the medical establishments as well. The signal is uninterrupted with frequency modulation. There was a possibility of radiation in the mode of frequency modulation
close to the fixed operating frequency: modification “Yav -1-5,6” - in the range of ±50 MHz, modification “Yav -1-7,1” - in the range ± 100 MHz. The dimensions “Yav -1” (without tripod) are - 180 X of 260 X of 290 mm. At present time enterprise “Istok” doesn’t produce “Yav -1”.
Apparatus “Yav -1” also was produced in series by Production association “Start”, city of Penza
(since 1989).
) is produced for any pre set frequency in the range 38,5 – 100 GHz (wave length 7,8 - 3,0 mm). Modulation - frequency, with the deviation of 50-80 MHz with nominal frequency of modulation 50 Hz. Maximum frequency of modulation is 20 kHz. It was used in studies.
IR EHF therapy apparatus “Triomed” (OOO “Triomed” Saint Petersburg) Registration certificate FSR № 2009/06554 28.12.2009, the apparatus is recommended and introduced in the serial production (55), it was used in studies. Fixed frequencies - 40– 43 GHz (7,5 - 6,98 mm); 52– 57 GHz (5,77 - 5,26 mm); 57 – 63 GHz (5,26 - 4,76 mm); 50– 75 GHz (6,0 - 4,0 mm). Output power 0.001 - 0,01 µW.
Biophysics
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of physical science to study biological systems. Studies included under the branches of biophysics span all levels of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems...
studying mechanisms of action on the living organism of electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space...
(EMR) of millimeter range (1–10 mm) high frequency (30–300 GHz) of low intensity, and medical practice using effects of the above mentioned action at treatment of different ailments.
Electromagnetic waves of millimeter range are of low penetrative capacity in biological tissue
Biological tissue
Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. A tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function. These are called tissues because of their identical functioning...
(0,2-0,8 mm), they are practically fully absorbed by surface layers of the skin
Skin
-Dermis:The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat...
(water molecules, hydrated albumens, molecules of collagen
Collagen
Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content...
, cells of connective tissue
Connective tissue
"Connective tissue" is a fibrous tissue. It is one of the four traditional classes of tissues . Connective Tissue is found throughout the body.In fact the whole framework of the skeleton and the different specialized connective tissues from the crown of the head to the toes determine the form of...
), without any thermal action. Thus, EHF waves don’t act directly on internal organs of the patient.(1\2)
Theoretical and experimental basis of EHF therapy was developed in the second half of 1980s by Academician
Academician
The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy.In many countries, it is an honorary title. There also exists a lower-rank title, variously translated Corresponding Member or Associate Member, .-Eastern Europe and China:"Academician" may also be a functional...
Nikolay Devyatkov
Nikolay Devyatkov
Nikolay Devyatkov — was a Soviet/Russian scientist and inventor of microwave vacuum tubes and medical equipment. Full Member of the USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences . Professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.Most Devyatkov's scientific papers apply to a microwave vacuum tubes...
of NPO “Istok” the leading soviet enterprise in the field of electronics
Electronics
Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...
and SHF (city of Fryazino
Fryazino
Fryazino is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River northeast of the city of Moscow. Population: Fryazino is a center of the Russian microwave electronics.-History:...
, Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye , is a federal subject of Russia . Its area, at , is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the 2010 population of 7,092,941, is the second most populous federal subject...
) and by professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
Mikhail Golant and their colleagues. They carried out voluminous work dedicated to the study of the effect of tissue regeneration of living organisms due to the EHF radiation of fixed particles of low intensity. This effect was studied on animals and at clinical studies in a number of USSR medical institutions on patients with different ailments. Accelerated healing
Healing
Physiological healing is the restoration of damaged living tissue, organs and biological system to normal function. It is the process by which the cells in the body regenerate and repair to reduce the size of a damaged or necrotic area....
of damaged tissues was stated, as well as subjective sensations of patients. Authorised agencies of the USSR Ministry of health approved methods used in EHF therapy in clinical practice and issued positive opinion as for serial production and medical application of EHF therapy apparatus “Yav-1” developed in NPO “Istok”.(4\5) Nikolay Deviatkov (head of the project), Mikhail Golant, Oleg Betsky and other scholars were awarded Russian Federation State 2000 Prize for “Development and implementation of apparatuses for treatment and functional diagnostics using low intensity electromagnetic millimeter range oscillations”.
Explanation of mechanism of EHF action on the organism
Founders of EHF therapy (Academician Nikolay DevyatkovNikolay Devyatkov
Nikolay Devyatkov — was a Soviet/Russian scientist and inventor of microwave vacuum tubes and medical equipment. Full Member of the USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences . Professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.Most Devyatkov's scientific papers apply to a microwave vacuum tubes...
and colleagues) explained “high efficiency” of action of 5,6 or 7,1 mm range waves on the human organism by the fact that exactly on these discrete “resonance” frequencies takes place coordinated management of cells and organs of the organism. EHF signals are generated by cell membrane
Cell membrane
The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell...
s, these signals accelerate different biochemical reactions, change enzymatic activity, reinforce or weaken intercellular connections. They think that radiation at these frequencies allow to normalize guiding connections of cells and organs of the organism damaged by disease or ageing. They recognized at the same time that such interpretation is no more than hypothesis
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. The term derives from the Greek, ὑποτιθέναι – hypotithenai meaning "to put under" or "to suppose". For a hypothesis to be put forward as a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it...
.
Presently the idea is widely spread that the main mechanism of EHF therapy is action of EHF waves on biologically active points of the skin which is in its essence a variant of reflexology
Reflexology
Reflexology, or zone therapy, is an alternative medicine involving the physical act of applying pressure to the feet, hands, or ears with specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques without the use of oil or lotion...
.
Other theories exist which explain effects of EHF action, such as for instance “Electromagnetic homeopathy
Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine in which practitioners claim to treat patients using highly diluted preparations that are believed to cause healthy people to exhibit symptoms that are similar to those exhibited by the patient...
”, “Wave-Informational therapy” (using action of broad band EHF signal) and others.
Basic data of clinical experiments
Clinical effects, developed along with EHF therapy, can be conditionally divided into general biological, organ non-specific and organ specific categories .- Dependence of general biological effects from parameters of EHF radiation, which depends on the carrier frequency
Carrier wave
In telecommunications, a carrier wave or carrier is a waveform that is modulated with an input signal for the purpose of conveying information. This carrier wave is usually a much higher frequency than the input signal...
, power and radiation dosage was revealed. Organ-specific effects to a larger degree depend on the zone of action and low-frequency modulation of EMI EHF range.
- It is revealed, that EMI EHF range has hemostimulating, antioxidant
Antioxidant
An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When...
and adapting effects along with cytostatic damage of organs (Kareva N.P., 2007)
- Increase in proliferating activity of dermal fibroblast
Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing...
s and improvement in tissular blood flow at radiation of EMI EHF range in patients with dystrophic pathology of articulations (Polyakov A.G., 2004) is described
- Trophic influence of EMI EHF range on the structures of hip joint was discovered, as well as improvement of reparatory processes, decrease of autointoxication, correction of disrupted parameters of hemostasis in rats with combined damage (total radiation at dose of 5 Gy and inflicted cut skin wound) (Kapustina N.B. 2002)
- Normalizing influence on bioelectric activity of the brain (decrease of disfunction signs at diencephalic
Diencephalon
The diencephalon is the region of the vertebrate neural tube which gives rise to posterior forebrain structures. In development, the forebrain develops from the prosencephalon, the most anterior vesicle of the neural tube which later forms both the diencephalon and the...
level), decrease of manifestation of asthenia and painful symptoms, optimizing action on reactivity of VNS (vegetative nervous system) at exercise tolerance tests (active orthostatic test) were stated (Mashanskaya A.V., 2007)
Equipment
Therapeutic practice uses (or used earlier) a large number of EHF therapy apparatuses. Below are described the main ones. Some contemporary apparatuses are combined, and are of EHF and physical therapy action in IR or other range.The first EHF apparatus – “Yav-1”
In middle 1980s under the leadership of N.D.Deviatkov and M.B.Golant in NPO “Istok” (Fryazino, Moscow Oblast) was developed the first apparatus for EHF therapy “Yav-1”. USSR Ministry of health Committee on new medical equipment recommended “Yav-1” for industrial production (1987) and included it in the State Register of medical products. Late 1980s NPO “Istok” had serial production of these apparatuses.“Yav-1” is produced in two modifications: “Yav-1-5,6” frequency 53534±10 MHz (wave length 5,60 mm) and “Yav-1-7,1” frequency 42194±10 MHz (wave length 7,105mm).
Power density of radiation
Radiation
In physics, radiation is a process in which energetic particles or energetic waves travel through a medium or space. There are two distinct types of radiation; ionizing and non-ionizing...
on the aperture of mouthpiece - is not less than 10 mW/cm². Apparatus was designed for use both at home (independently by patients) and in the medical establishments as well. The signal is uninterrupted with frequency modulation. There was a possibility of radiation in the mode of frequency modulation
Frequency modulation
In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. This contrasts with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant...
close to the fixed operating frequency: modification “Yav -1-5,6” - in the range of ±50 MHz, modification “Yav -1-7,1” - in the range ± 100 MHz. The dimensions “Yav -1” (without tripod) are - 180 X of 260 X of 290 mm. At present time enterprise “Istok” doesn’t produce “Yav -1”.
Apparatus “Yav -1” also was produced in series by Production association “Start”, city of Penza
Penza
-Honors:A minor planet, 3189 Penza, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978, is named after the city.-Notable residents:...
(since 1989).
Other EHF apparatuses
Apparatus “Yav -103” (NII (Scientific Research Institute) “Orion”, KievKiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
) is produced for any pre set frequency in the range 38,5 – 100 GHz (wave length 7,8 - 3,0 mm). Modulation - frequency, with the deviation of 50-80 MHz with nominal frequency of modulation 50 Hz. Maximum frequency of modulation is 20 kHz. It was used in studies.
IR EHF therapy apparatus “Triomed” (OOO “Triomed” Saint Petersburg) Registration certificate FSR № 2009/06554 28.12.2009, the apparatus is recommended and introduced in the serial production (55), it was used in studies. Fixed frequencies - 40– 43 GHz (7,5 - 6,98 mm); 52– 57 GHz (5,77 - 5,26 mm); 57 – 63 GHz (5,26 - 4,76 mm); 50– 75 GHz (6,0 - 4,0 mm). Output power 0.001 - 0,01 µW.