Dublin Gazette
Encyclopedia
The Dublin Gazette was the Gazette
, or official newspaper
, of the Irish Executive, Britain's government in Ireland
based at Dublin Castle
, between 1705 and 1922. It published notices of government business, including Royal Proclamations, the granting of Royal Assent
to bills
, writ
s of election
, appointments to public offices, commissions
and promotions in the Armed Forces, and award
s of honours
, as well as notices of insolvency
, and of changes of names
or of arms
.
As with the parallel London Gazette
, the strapline
was "Published by Authority".
, but after his defeat in 1690 at the Battle of the Boyne
its functions were taken over by the London Gazette.
In 1705, under the Lord Lieutenancy of the 2nd Duke of Ormonde
, a new Dublin Gazette was founded, although in its early days it was only two pages in length. The earliest surviving copy, dated 9 February 1706, is numbered as Issue 84 and is held in the Library
of Trinity College, Dublin
. While the Gazette was an official publication, ownership of the title and any profits on it initially remained with the printer.
Its first printer was Edwin Sandys, although this was something of a technicality. A proclamation
dated from Dublin Castle
on 25 October 1705 notified the people of Ireland that -
Until the 1770s, the Dublin Gazette had less of the character of an organ of government than did the London Gazette. However, on 18 March 1776, an Order in Council was made which banned it from publishing news not "guaranteed" by the government. A Notice subsequently appeared in the Gazette on 13 April 1776, dated from Dublin Castle on 27 March, stating -
The printers of the Gazette held onto their ownership until almost the end of the 18th century. There was a sensation on 9 April 1799, when two rival versions were published, one by the established publisher, Sir St George O’Kelly, and a second by George Grierson, the King's printer. O'Kelly complained, to no avail, about the expropriation of his interest, thereafter losing the right to publish the title. It is now surmised that following the Irish Rebellion of 1798
, and in the year before the Act of Union of 1800, the Irish government felt it needed total control.
Between 5 April and 5 July 1818, the government paid Grierson £570-7s-6d "for Proclamations, News, Promotions, Addresses, &c., published in the Dublin Gazette".
At the beginning of the Easter Rising
of 1916, the Gazette published a proclamation by Lord Wimborne, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
, of martial law
. This stated that "certain evilly disposed persons" had "with deadly weapons attacked the Forces
of the Crown
". The Gazette ceased publication during the Rising and for more than a week following it, with the result that a compendium issue was later published for the period between 25 April and 9 May 1916.
From 1919, during the Irish War of Independence
, the Gazette was challenged by the Irish Bulletin
, the official newspaper of the rival government of the Irish Republic
, produced by its Department of Propaganda
and appearing weekly from 11 November 1919 to 11 July 1921. The War of Independence resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty
, signed in London on 6 December 1921, and as a result the final edition of the Dublin Gazette was published on 27 January 1922. Four days later, on 31 January, the newly created Irish Free State
began to publish a new gazette called Iris Oifigiúil
, sometimes referred to in English
as the Irish State Gazette.
The Adaptation of Enactments Act 1922 of the Oireachtas
included the following:
In Northern Ireland
, the functions of the Dublin Gazette were taken over by a new publication called the Belfast Gazette
, which first appeared on 7 June 1921.
Gazette
A gazette is a public journal, a newspaper of record, or simply a newspaper.In English- and French-speaking countries, newspaper publishers have applied the name Gazette since the 17th century; today, numerous weekly and daily newspapers bear the name The Gazette.Gazette is a loanword from the...
, or official newspaper
Newspaper
A newspaper is a scheduled publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising. It usually is printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. By 2007, there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 395 million copies a...
, of the Irish Executive, Britain's government in Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
based at Dublin Castle
Dublin Castle
Dublin Castle off Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, was until 1922 the fortified seat of British rule in Ireland, and is now a major Irish government complex. Most of it dates from the 18th century, though a castle has stood on the site since the days of King John, the first Lord of Ireland...
, between 1705 and 1922. It published notices of government business, including Royal Proclamations, the granting of Royal Assent
Royal Assent
The granting of royal assent refers to the method by which any constitutional monarch formally approves and promulgates an act of his or her nation's parliament, thus making it a law...
to bills
Bill (proposed law)
A bill is a proposed law under consideration by a legislature. A bill does not become law until it is passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the executive. Once a bill has been enacted into law, it is called an act or a statute....
, writ
Writ
In common law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court...
s of election
Election
An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy operates since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the...
, appointments to public offices, commissions
Officer (armed forces)
An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority. Commissioned officers derive authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, hold a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position...
and promotions in the Armed Forces, and award
Award
An award is something given to a person or a group of people to recognize excellence in a certain field; a certificate of excellence. Awards are often signifiedby trophies, titles, certificates, commemorative plaques, medals, badges, pins, or ribbons...
s of honours
British honours system
The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery, achievement, or service to the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories...
, as well as notices of insolvency
Insolvency
Insolvency means the inability to pay one's debts as they fall due. Usually used to refer to a business, insolvency refers to the inability of a company to pay off its debts.Business insolvency is defined in two different ways:...
, and of changes of names
Deed of Change of Name
A deed of change of name is a legal document in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, which enables a single person or a family to officially change his or her name...
or of arms
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
.
As with the parallel London Gazette
London Gazette
The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published...
, the strapline
Tagline
A tagline is a variant of a branding slogan typically used in marketing materials and advertising. The idea behind the concept is to create a memorable phrase that will sum up the tone and premise of a brand or product , or to reinforce the audience's memory of a product...
was "Published by Authority".
History
A Dublin Gazette was instituted in May 1689 by King James IIJames II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
, but after his defeat in 1690 at the Battle of the Boyne
Battle of the Boyne
The Battle of the Boyne was fought in 1690 between two rival claimants of the English, Scottish and Irish thronesthe Catholic King James and the Protestant King William across the River Boyne near Drogheda on the east coast of Ireland...
its functions were taken over by the London Gazette.
In 1705, under the Lord Lieutenancy of the 2nd Duke of Ormonde
James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde KG KT was an Irish statesman and soldier. He was the third of the Kilcash branch of the family to inherit the earldom of Ormonde...
, a new Dublin Gazette was founded, although in its early days it was only two pages in length. The earliest surviving copy, dated 9 February 1706, is numbered as Issue 84 and is held in the Library
Trinity College Library, Dublin
Trinity College Library Dublin, the centrally-administered library of Trinity College, Dublin, is the largest library in Ireland. As a "copyright library", it has legal deposit rights for material published in the Republic of Ireland; it is also the only Irish library to hold such rights for the...
of Trinity College, Dublin
Trinity College, Dublin
Trinity College, Dublin , formally known as the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I as the "mother of a university", Extracts from Letters Patent of Elizabeth I, 1592: "...we...found and...
. While the Gazette was an official publication, ownership of the title and any profits on it initially remained with the printer.
Its first printer was Edwin Sandys, although this was something of a technicality. A proclamation
Proclamation
A proclamation is an official declaration.-England and Wales:In English law, a proclamation is a formal announcement , made under the great seal, of some matter which the King in Council or Queen in Council desires to make known to his or her subjects: e.g., the declaration of war, or state of...
dated from Dublin Castle
Dublin Castle
Dublin Castle off Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, was until 1922 the fortified seat of British rule in Ireland, and is now a major Irish government complex. Most of it dates from the 18th century, though a castle has stood on the site since the days of King John, the first Lord of Ireland...
on 25 October 1705 notified the people of Ireland that -
Until the 1770s, the Dublin Gazette had less of the character of an organ of government than did the London Gazette. However, on 18 March 1776, an Order in Council was made which banned it from publishing news not "guaranteed" by the government. A Notice subsequently appeared in the Gazette on 13 April 1776, dated from Dublin Castle on 27 March, stating -
The printers of the Gazette held onto their ownership until almost the end of the 18th century. There was a sensation on 9 April 1799, when two rival versions were published, one by the established publisher, Sir St George O’Kelly, and a second by George Grierson, the King's printer. O'Kelly complained, to no avail, about the expropriation of his interest, thereafter losing the right to publish the title. It is now surmised that following the Irish Rebellion of 1798
Irish Rebellion of 1798
The Irish Rebellion of 1798 , also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion , was an uprising in 1798, lasting several months, against British rule in Ireland...
, and in the year before the Act of Union of 1800, the Irish government felt it needed total control.
Between 5 April and 5 July 1818, the government paid Grierson £570-7s-6d "for Proclamations, News, Promotions, Addresses, &c., published in the Dublin Gazette".
At the beginning of the Easter Rising
Easter Rising
The Easter Rising was an insurrection staged in Ireland during Easter Week, 1916. The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing the Irish Republic at a time when the British Empire was heavily engaged in the First World War...
of 1916, the Gazette published a proclamation by Lord Wimborne, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the British King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Lordship of Ireland , the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
, of martial law
Martial law
Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis— only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law...
. This stated that "certain evilly disposed persons" had "with deadly weapons attacked the Forces
British Armed Forces
The British Armed Forces are the armed forces of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Also known as Her Majesty's Armed Forces and sometimes legally the Armed Forces of the Crown, the British Armed Forces encompasses three professional uniformed services, the Royal Navy, the...
of the Crown
The Crown
The Crown is a corporation sole that in the Commonwealth realms and any provincial or state sub-divisions thereof represents the legal embodiment of governance, whether executive, legislative, or judicial...
". The Gazette ceased publication during the Rising and for more than a week following it, with the result that a compendium issue was later published for the period between 25 April and 9 May 1916.
From 1919, during the Irish War of Independence
Irish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence , Anglo-Irish War, Black and Tan War, or Tan War was a guerrilla war mounted by the Irish Republican Army against the British government and its forces in Ireland. It began in January 1919, following the Irish Republic's declaration of independence. Both sides agreed...
, the Gazette was challenged by the Irish Bulletin
Irish Bulletin
The Irish Bulletin was the official gazette of the government of the Irish Republic. It was produced by the Department of Propaganda during the Irish War of Independence. and its offices were originally located at No. 6 Harcourt Street, Dublin. The paper's first editor was Desmond FitzGerald,...
, the official newspaper of the rival government of the Irish Republic
Irish Republic
The Irish Republic was a revolutionary state that declared its independence from Great Britain in January 1919. It established a legislature , a government , a court system and a police force...
, produced by its Department of Propaganda
Minister for Publicity (Ireland)
The Minister for Publicity was the name of a government department in the Government of the Irish Republic, the self-declared state which was established in 1919 by Dáil Éireann, the parliamentary assembly made up of the majority of Irish MPs elected in the 1918 general election.-History:In April...
and appearing weekly from 11 November 1919 to 11 July 1921. The War of Independence resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of...
, signed in London on 6 December 1921, and as a result the final edition of the Dublin Gazette was published on 27 January 1922. Four days later, on 31 January, the newly created Irish Free State
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand...
began to publish a new gazette called Iris Oifigiúil
Iris Oifigiúil
Iris Oifigiúil replaced the former Dublin Gazette on 31 January 1922 as the official newspaper of record of the Irish Free State, the state which has since become known as Ireland....
, sometimes referred to in English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
as the Irish State Gazette.
The Adaptation of Enactments Act 1922 of the Oireachtas
Oireachtas
The Oireachtas , sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the "national parliament" or legislature of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of:*The President of Ireland*The two Houses of the Oireachtas :**Dáil Éireann...
included the following:
In Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
, the functions of the Dublin Gazette were taken over by a new publication called the Belfast Gazette
Belfast Gazette
The Belfast Gazette, along with the London Gazette and the Edinburgh Gazette, is an official newspaper of the United Kingdom government. It is published by The Stationery Office , on behalf of Her Majesty's Stationery Office in Belfast, Northern Ireland.The Belfast Gazette was first published on...
, which first appeared on 7 June 1921.