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Demographic gift
 
 
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Demographic gift is a term in demographics
Demographics

Demographic or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research....
 used to describe the initially favorable effect of falling fertility
Fertility

Fertility is the natural capability of giving life. As a measure, "fertility rate" is the number of children born per couple, person or population....
 rates on the ratio of the working
Employment

Employment is a contract between two party , one being the #Employer and the other being the #Employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the Service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral contract or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and Management the employee i...
 population
Population

File:Population density.pngIn biology, a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species; in sociology, a collection of human beings....
 to the dependent population (children and the aged).

Fertility declines in a population combined with falls in mortality
Mortality rate

Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population....
 rates—the so-called "demographic transition
Demographic transition

The Demographic transition model is a model used to represent the process of explaining the transformation of countries from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as part of the economic development of a country from a pre-industrial to an industrialized Economic system....
"—produce a typical sequence of effects on age structures. The child-dependency ratio (the ratio of children to those who support them) at first rises somewhat due to more children surviving, then falls sharply as average family size decreases.






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Demographic gift is a term in demographics
Demographics

Demographic or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research....
 used to describe the initially favorable effect of falling fertility
Fertility

Fertility is the natural capability of giving life. As a measure, "fertility rate" is the number of children born per couple, person or population....
 rates on the ratio of the working
Employment

Employment is a contract between two party , one being the #Employer and the other being the #Employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the Service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral contract or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and Management the employee i...
 population
Population

File:Population density.pngIn biology, a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species; in sociology, a collection of human beings....
 to the dependent population (children and the aged).

Fertility declines in a population combined with falls in mortality
Mortality rate

Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population....
 rates—the so-called "demographic transition
Demographic transition

The Demographic transition model is a model used to represent the process of explaining the transformation of countries from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as part of the economic development of a country from a pre-industrial to an industrialized Economic system....
"—produce a typical sequence of effects on age structures. The child-dependency ratio (the ratio of children to those who support them) at first rises somewhat due to more children surviving, then falls sharply as average family size decreases. Later, the overall population ages rapidly, as currently seen in many developed
Developed country

The term developed country is used to describe countries that have a high level of development according to some criteria. Which criteria, and which countries are classified as being developed, is a contentious issue and there is fierce debate about this....
 and rapidly developing
Emerging markets

The term Emerging markets is used to describe a nation's social or business activity in the process of rapid Economic growth and industrialization....
 nations. Between these two periods is a long interval of favorable age distributions
Population pyramid

A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population , which normally forms the shape of a pyramid....
, known as the "demographic gift," with low and falling total dependency ratios (including both children and aged persons).

The term was used by David Bloom and Jeffrey Williamson to signify the economic benefits of a high ratio of working-age to dependent population during the demographic transition. Bloom et al. introduced the term demographic dividend
Demographic dividend

The demographic dividend is a rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population. This usually occurs late in the demographic transition when the fertility rate falls and the youth dependency rate declines....
 to emphasize the idea that the effect is not automatic but must be earned by the presence of suitable economic policies that allow a relatively large workforce
Workforce

The workforce is the labour pool in employment. It is generally used to describe those working for a single Types of companies or industry, but can also apply to a geographic region like a city, country, state, etc....
 to be productively employed.

The term has also been used by the Middle East Youth Initiative
Middle East Youth Initiative

The Middle East Youth Initiative is a program at the , housed in the program at the Brookings Institution. It was launched in July 2006 as a joint effort between the Wolfensohn Center and the Dubai School of Government....
 to describe the current youth bulge in the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
 and North Africa
North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa.Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven countries or territories:...
 in which 15-29 year olds comprise around 30% of the total population. It is believed that, through educational and employment, the current youth population in the Middle East could fuel economic growth and development as young East Asians were able to for the Asian Tigers.

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