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Mortality rate
 
 
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Mortality rate is a measure of the number of death
Death

Death is the permanent termination of the biological functions that define a life organism. It refers to both a particular event and to the condition that results thereby....
s (in general, or due to a specific cause) in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population.






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Death Rate World Map
Mortality rate is a measure of the number of death
Death

Death is the permanent termination of the biological functions that define a life organism. It refers to both a particular event and to the condition that results thereby....
s (in general, or due to a specific cause) in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population. It is distinct from morbidity rate, which refers to the number of individuals in poor health during a given time period (the incidence rate) or the number who currently have that disease (the prevalence rate), scaled to the size of the population.

One distinguishes:
  1. The crude death rate, the total number of deaths per 1000 people. The crude death rate for the whole world is currently about 9.6 per 1000 per year (based on 62 million deaths in 2006, for a population of 6470 million).
  2. The perinatal mortality
    Perinatal mortality

    Perinatal mortality , also perinatal death, refers to the death of a fetus or neonate and is the basis to calculate the perinatal mortality rate....
     rate    , the sum of neonatal deaths and fetal deaths (stillbirths) per 1,000 births.
  3. The maternal mortality rate, the number of maternal deaths due to childbearing per 100,000 live births.
  4. The infant mortality
    Infant mortality

    Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of infants per 1000 live births. The most common cause of infant mortality worldwide has traditionally been dehydration from diarrhea....
     rate    , the number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per thousand live births.
  5. The child mortality
    Child mortality

    Child mortality refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five. About 25,000 young children die every day, mainly from preventable causes....
     rate    , the number of deaths of children less than 5 year old per thousand live births.
  6. The standardised mortality rate
    Standardised mortality rate

    Standardized mortality ratio tells how many persons, per thousand of the population, will die in a given year and what the causes of death will be....
     (SMR)- This represents a proportional comparison to the deaths that would have been expected if the population had been of a standard composition in terms of age, gender, etc..
  7. The age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) - This refers to the total number of deaths per 1000 people of a given age (e.g. 16-65 or 65+).


In regard to the success
Success

Success may mean:* a level of social status* achievement of an objective * the opposite of failure...
 or failure
Failure

Failure in general refers to the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective. It may be viewed as the opposite of success....
 of medical
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
 treatment or procedures
Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or sometimes for some other reason....
, one would also distinguish:
  1. The early mortality rate, the total number of deaths in the early stages of an ongoing treatment, or in the period immediately following an acute treatment.
  2. The late mortality rate, the total number of deaths in the late stages of an ongoing treatment, or a significant length of time after an acute treatment.


Note that the crude death rate as defined above and applied to a whole population of people can give a misleading impression. The crude death rate is affected by birth rate and life expectancy. For example, the number of deaths per 1000 people can be higher for developed nations than in less-developed countries, despite life expectancy being higher in developed countries due to standards of health being better for example. This happens because developed countries have a relatively lower birth rate
Birth rate

Crude birth rate is the natality or childbirths per 1,000 people per year.It can be represented by number of childbirths in that year, and p is the current population....
. A more complete picture of mortality is given by a life table
Life table

In actuarial science, a life table is a table which shows, for a person at each age, what the probability is that they die before their next birthday....
 which summarises mortality separately at each age. A life table is necessary to give a good estimate of life expectancy
Life expectancy

Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is the average expected lifespan of an individual. Life expectancy is heavily dependent on the criteria used to select the group....
.

Statistics

Infantmortalityrate
The ten countries with the highest infant mortality rate are:
  1. Angola
    Angola

    Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordering Namibia to the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, and Zambia to the east, and with a west coast along the Atlantic Ocean....
      192.50
  2. Afghanistan
    Afghanistan

    Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
      165.96
  3. Sierra Leone
    Sierra Leone

    Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea in the northeast, Liberia in the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest....
      145.24
  4. Mozambique
    Mozambique

    Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
      137.08
  5. Liberia
    Liberia

    Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, C?te d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean....
      130.51
  6. Niger
    Niger

    Niger , officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east....
      122.66
  7. Somalia
    Somalia

    Somalia , officially the Republic of Somalia and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a country located in the Horn of Africa....
      118.52
  8. Mali
    Mali

    Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the C?te d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west....
      117.99
  9. Tajikistan
    Tajikistan

    Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east....
      112.10
  10. Guinea-Bissau
    Guinea-Bissau

    The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in western Africa, and one of the smallest states in continental Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west....
      108.72


According to the World Health Organization
World Health Organization

The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health....
, the 10 leading causes of death in 2002 were:
  1. 12.6% Ischaemic heart disease
  2. 9.7% Cerebrovascular disease
  3. 6.8% Lower respiratory infections
  4. 4.9% HIV/AIDS
  5. 4.8% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  6. 3.2% Diarrhoeal diseases
  7. 2.7% Tuberculosis
  8. 2.2% Malaria
  9. 2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers
  10. 2.1% Road traffic accidents


Causes of death vary greatly between first and third world countries. See List of causes of death by rate
List of causes of death by rate

The following is a list of the causes of human deaths worldwide for the year 2002, arranged by their associated mortality rates. There were 57,029,000 deaths tabulated for that year....
 for worldwide statistics.

According to Jean Ziegler
Jean Ziegler

Jean Ziegler is the 1989 co-founder of the Moammar Qaddafi Human Rights Prize, an award he received himself in Libya in 2002, together with convicted French Holocaust denier Roger Garaudy....
 (the United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
 Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to malnutrition
Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or inadequate diet and nutrition.According to the World Health Organization, hunger and malnutrition are the single gravest threats to the world's public health and malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases....
 accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients".

Factors affecting a given death rate


  • Age of country's population
  • Nutrition levels
  • Standards of diet and housing
  • Access to clean drinking water
  • Hygiene levels
  • Levels of infectious diseases
  • Social factors such as conflicts and levels of violent crime
  • Amount and quality of health care available
  • Climate. Research at Stanford University indicates global warming will lead to decreased mortality rates.


Sources and references

  • [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2066rank.html CIA World Factbook -- Rank Order - Death rate]


External links



See also

  • Biodemography
    Biodemography

    Biodemography is the science dealing with the integration of biology and demography.Biodemography is a new branch of human demography concerned with understanding the complementary biological and demographic determinants of and interactions between the birth and death processes that shape individuals, cohorts and populations....
  • Birth rate
    Birth rate

    Crude birth rate is the natality or childbirths per 1,000 people per year.It can be represented by number of childbirths in that year, and p is the current population....
  • Case fatality
    Case fatality

    In epidemiology, case fatality or fatality rate, is the ratio of deaths within a designated population, over a certain period of time. An example of a fatality rate would be 9/10,000 per year....
  • Compensation law of mortality
    Compensation law of mortality

    The compensation law of mortality states that the relative differences in death rates between different populations of the same biological species decrease with age, because the higher initial death rates in disadvantaged populations are compensated by lower pace of mortality increase with age....
  • Demography
    Demography

    Demography is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population, that is, one that changes over time or space ....
  • Gompertz-Makeham law of mortality
    Gompertz-Makeham law of mortality

    The Gompertz-Makeham law states that death rate is a sum of age-independent component and age-dependent component , which increases exponentially with age....
  • Life expectancy
    Life expectancy

    Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is the average expected lifespan of an individual. Life expectancy is heavily dependent on the criteria used to select the group....
  • List of causes of death by rate
    List of causes of death by rate

    The following is a list of the causes of human deaths worldwide for the year 2002, arranged by their associated mortality rates. There were 57,029,000 deaths tabulated for that year....
  • List of countries by death rate
    List of countries by death rate

    This article includes two versions of the list of countries by crude death rate. Crude death rate refers to the number of deaths over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period....
  • Maximum life span
    Maximum life span

    Maximum life span is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a group has been observed to survive between birth and death....
  • Morbidity
  • Mortality
    Death

    Death is the permanent termination of the biological functions that define a life organism. It refers to both a particular event and to the condition that results thereby....
  • Mortality displacement
    Mortality displacement

    Mortality displacement denotes a temporal shift in the rate of mortality in a given population, usually attributable to environmental phenomena such as heat waves or cold spells....