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Damietta, Damiata, or Domyat is a port
Harbor

A harbor or harbour , or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural....
 and the capital of the governorate of Domyat, Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
 and the Nile
Nile

The Nile is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the List of rivers by length in the world.The Nile has two major tributary, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and silt, but the former being the longer of the two....
, about north of Cairo
Cairo

Cairo , which means "the triumphant", is the Cairo and largest city of Egypt.It is the most populous metropolitan area in Egypt and is also one of the most populous in the world....
.

a class="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m1551117",this)' onMouseout='hide("m1551117")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Ancient_Egypt">Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an Ancient history civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile in what is now the modern nation of Egypt....
, the city was known as Tamiat, but it became less important in the Hellenic period after the construction of Alexandria
Alexandria

Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports....
.

The Abbasids use Alexandria
Alexandria

Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports....
, Damietta
Damietta

Damietta, Damiata, or Domyat is a harbor and the capital of the governorate of Domyat Governorate, Egypt. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, about north of Cairo....
, Aden
Aden

Aden is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb.Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus....
 and Siraf
Siraf

Siraf was a legendary ancient Sassanid port, destroyed around 970 AD, which was located on the north shore of the Persian Gulf in what is now the Iranian province of Bushehr....
 as entry ports to India and China.

Damietta was important in the 12th and 13th centuries during the time of the Crusades.






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Damietta, Damiata, or Domyat is a port
Harbor

A harbor or harbour , or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural....
 and the capital of the governorate of Domyat, Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
 and the Nile
Nile

The Nile is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the List of rivers by length in the world.The Nile has two major tributary, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and silt, but the former being the longer of the two....
, about north of Cairo
Cairo

Cairo , which means "the triumphant", is the Cairo and largest city of Egypt.It is the most populous metropolitan area in Egypt and is also one of the most populous in the world....
.

History

In Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an Ancient history civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile in what is now the modern nation of Egypt....
, the city was known as Tamiat, but it became less important in the Hellenic period after the construction of Alexandria
Alexandria

Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports....
.

The Abbasids use Alexandria
Alexandria

Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports....
, Damietta
Damietta

Damietta, Damiata, or Domyat is a harbor and the capital of the governorate of Domyat Governorate, Egypt. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, about north of Cairo....
, Aden
Aden

Aden is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb.Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus....
 and Siraf
Siraf

Siraf was a legendary ancient Sassanid port, destroyed around 970 AD, which was located on the north shore of the Persian Gulf in what is now the Iranian province of Bushehr....
 as entry ports to India and China.

Damietta was important in the 12th and 13th centuries during the time of the Crusades. In 1169, a fleet from the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christianity kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, Israel, was destroyed by the Mamluks....
, with support from the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
, attacked the port, but it was defeated by Saladin
Saladin

ala ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub , better known as Saladin in medieval Europe, was the Sultan of Egypt and Greater Syria. He led the Islamic opposition to the Second Crusade and Third Crusade....
.

During preparations for the Fifth Crusade
Fifth Crusade

The Fifth Crusade was an attempt to take back Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt....
 in 1217, it was decided that Damietta should be the focus of attack. Control of Damietta meant control of the Nile, and from there the crusaders believed they would be able to conquer Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
. From Egypt they could then attack Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
 and recapture Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
. When the port was besieged
Siege of Damietta

The Siege of Damietta of 1218 was part of the Fifth Crusade. The city, under the control of the Ayyubid Al-Kamil, was besieged by the Crusaders, but the attacking force was repelled....
 and occupied by Frisia
Frisia

Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian languages, a language group closely related to the English language....
n crusaders in 1219, Francis of Assisi
Francis of Assisi

Francis of Assisi was a friar and the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, more commonly known as the Franciscans.He is known as the patron saint of animals, the Natural environment and Italy, and it is customary for Catholic Church es to hold ceremonies honoring animals around his feast day of 4 October....
 arrived to peaceably negotiate with the Muslim ruler. In 1221 the Crusaders attempted to march to Cairo, but were destroyed by the combination of nature and Muslim defenses.

Damietta was also the object of the Seventh Crusade
Seventh Crusade

The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Approximately 50,000 gold bezants was paid in ransom for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, were captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Muazzam Turanshah supported by the Bahri dynasty Mamluks led by Faris ad-Din A...
, led by Louis IX of France
Louis IX of France

Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was List of French monarchs from 1226 to his death. He was also Counts of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet and the son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile....
. His fleet arrived there in 1249 and quickly captured the fort, though he refused to hand it over to the nominal king of Jerusalem, to whom it had been promised during the Fifth Crusade. However, Louis too was eventually captured and defeated and was forced to give up the city.

Because of its importance to the Crusaders, the Mamluk
Mamluk

A mamluk was a slavery soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries....
 Sultan Baibars
Baibars

Baibars, or al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari , nicknamed Abu al-Futuh , was an important Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria....
 destroyed the city and rebuilt it with stronger fortifications a few kilometres from the river.

Monuments


Crusade Damietta


  • Amr Ibn Al-a'as Mosque (Al-Fateh) the 2nd mosque to be built in Egypt and Africa by the arabs after entering Egypt. It has been converted to a church twice during occupation by the crusaders and Louis IX of France
    Louis IX of France

    Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was List of French monarchs from 1226 to his death. He was also Counts of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet and the son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile....
     son Jean Tristan was Baptised by vice of the Pope in this Mosque.
  • Al-Matbuly Mosque dating to Mamluk era.
  • Al-Maainy Mosque dating to Al-Naser Mohammed Ibn Qalawon regin.
  • Al-Bahr Mosque dating to Ottmon rule era.
  • Al--Hadidy Mosque in Faraskour 200 years old.
  • Tabiet Ahmed Urabi, ruins of Damietta Fort at Ezbet El-Borg.
  • Al-Radwaniya Mosque dating to Mamluk era.
  • The Old Bridge " Elkobri Elqadeem" dating to early 1900s.
  • Souk Al-Hesba, the old dowm town, dating to Abbasi rule era.


Damietta today

Today there is a canal connecting it to the Nile
Nile

The Nile is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the List of rivers by length in the world.The Nile has two major tributary, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and silt, but the former being the longer of the two....
, which has made it an important port once again. The modern city has a population of about 1,093,580 (2006). It contains the SEGAS LNG
SEGAS LNG

SEGAS LNG is a liquefied natural gas complex in Damietta, Egypt. It is located west of Port Said....
 (Liquefied Natural Gas) plant, which will ultimately have a capacity of 9.6 million ton/year through two trains. The plant is owned by Segas, a joint venture of the Spanish utility Unión Fenosa
Unión Fenosa

Uni?n Fenosa, S.A., is a large Spain company dedicated to the production and distribution to end users of gas and electricity. It has installed capacity of 11,120 megawatts of power and 8.9 million customers....
 (40%), Italian oil company Eni
ENI

ENI may refer to:* Eni, the Italian oil and gas corporation ENI S.p.A.* Escuela Nacional de Inteligencia, an Argentine intelligence academy* El Nido Airport, an airport in the Philippines with IATA code ENI...
 (40%) and the Egyptian companies EGAS and EGPC (10% each). The plant is unusual since it is not supplied from a dedicated field, but is supplied with gas from the Egyptian grid.

Notable natives

  • Moustafa Mosharafa
    Moustafa Mosharafa

    Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Pasha was an Egyptians physicist who was professor of applied mathematics, the Faculty of Science at Cairo University. He contributed to the development of the theory of relativity and corresponded with Albert Einstein....
    , physicist and contributor to the theory of relativity
    Theory of relativity

    File:spacetime curvature.pngThe theory of relativity, or simply relativity, generally refers specifically to two theories of Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity....
  • Zahi Hawass
    Zahi Hawass

    Zahi Hawass is an Egyptians archaeology and List of Egyptologists and the current Secretary General of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities....
    , Egyptologist
  • Farouk Shousha, poet. Previously head of Egyptian Radio. (El Soaraa village)
  • Taher Abou Fasha, poet, author of the 1985 TV movie script Alf-Layla w'Layla (1001 Nights, ).
  • Professor Shawky Daif, Professor of Arabic language and member of the Egyptian Arabic Language Academy. (Awlad Hamam village)
  • Professor Hamdy Elsayed, physician & cardiologist, former head of Egyptian medical syndicate, politician & member of people's assembly. (Awlad Hamam village)
  • Professor Abdel Halim Montaser Head of Kuwait University
    Kuwait University

    Kuwait University was established in October 1966 , five years after Kuwait's independence from Britain, as a result of the Amiri Decree, which postulated organization of higher education in Kuwait....
     since its establishment.
  • Shiekh Rizk Khalil Habba The former head of Egypt Quran reciting authority
  • Professor Abdel Rahman Badawi, professor of philosophy. One of his students is Anis Mansour.
  • Abbas Al-Tarabily, journalist.
  • Madkour Abou El-Ezz, military pilot & former head of EAF.
  • Salah Montaser, journalist.
  • Ahmed Awwad, official spokesman of presidential office.
  • Raafat el-Haggan (Rifaat Al-Gammal), Egyptian spy.
  • Essam Al-Hadary, Al-Ahly & Egypt's goal-keeper.
  • Besheer El-Tabei
    Besheer El-Tabei

    Beshir El-Tabei is an Egyptians Football player. He plays as defender He plays for Football in Egypt side Bursaspor as well as Egypt national football team....
     the football player.
  • Samir Zaher, head of Egyptian football association.
  • Professor Aisha Abdel Rahman (Bent Al Shatea), journalist & Muslim philosopher.
  • Abdel Raoof Al-Reedy, former Ambassador of Egypt to USA & United Nations.
  • Dr. Zaki Naguib Mahmmoud, writer and phliosopher.
  • Professor Maher Fawzy, professor of anesthesia at Cairo University & a pioneer in pain management in Egypt & Arab countries.
  • Diaa eldin Daoud, Politacian and former head of the Democratic arabic Nasserian party.
  • Rifaat el-Mahgoub
    Rifaat el-Mahgoub

    Rifaat el-Mahgoub was speaker of the Egyptian Parliament and a member of the ruling National Democratic Party. He was assassinated by Islamist militants while in his car on the streets of Cairo....
    , former Head of the Egyptian Parliament and a member of the ruling National Democratic Party.
  • Hasaballah El-Kafrawy, former ministr of housing and intiator of modern Egyptian housing planning.
  • Hamdy Ashour, former governer of Cairo.
  • Dr Helmy Al-Hadidy, Former ministr of health.
  • Mohammed El-Zayyat, former minister of forigen affairs.
  • Sa'd Ardash, one of the Egyptian theater pioneers.
  • Rifaat El-Fanagiley, Captain and Right hand shooter of Al-Ahly & Egypt team in 1950s & 1960s.
  • Ali Salem the political playwright.
  • Riyad el-Sonbaty the Composer.
  • Yousry Al-Gindy the writer.
  • Yousef Edris the writer & Psychaitrist.
  • Farag Foda
    Farag Foda

    Farag Foda was an important Egyptian thinker, human rights activist, writer, and columnist....
     the secular writer.
  • Dorreyia Sharf el-Din the media repoerter and writer
  • Salama al-Dommiaty the Cairo Patessiare.
  • Kamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Damiri, (1344 – 1405), writer on canon law and natural history.


Economic activity

  • White Dammiat Cheese (Domiati
    Domiati

    Domiati cheese, also known as gibna beyda , is a soft white salty cheese made primarily in Egypt, but also in Sudan, Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries....
    ) and other diary products
  • Furniture & wood work antiques
  • Pattisiare
  • Weaving and clothes (Now vanishing)
  • Containers transport through the new port


Domyat in culture

  • A frigate of the Egyptian Navy bought from US Navy USS Jesse L. Brown (FF-1089)
    USS Jesse L. Brown (FF-1089)

    USS Jesse L. Brown was a of the United States Navy. She was named for Jesse L. Brown, the first African-American naval aviator in the US Navy....
     was renamed the Damyat after Damietta.
  • Amietophrynus kassasii (Baha El Din, 1993) "Damietta Toad" one of the genus Amietophrynus
    Amietophrynus

    Amietophrynus is a large genus of true toads native to Africa. Originally, all Amietophrynus species were included in the genus Bufo, but were split due to large enough taxonomic divergence....
    .
  • It was visited by LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin
    LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin

    LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin was a large German passenger carrying rigid airship which operated commercially from 1928 to 1937. It was named after the Germany pioneer of airships, Ferdinand von Zeppelin, who held the rank of Graf or Count in the German nobility....
     in 1929.
  • The Greek Orthodox
    Eastern Orthodox Church

    The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian communion in the world with an estimated 225 million members worldwide. It is considered by its adherents to be the Four Marks of the Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles nearly 2000 years ago....
     bishop was based in Damietta in the church of Agios Nikolaos.


See also

  • Damiata (titular see)
    Damiata (titular see)

    Damiata is a Catholic and Melkite Greek titular see in Egypt. It corresponds to Damietta, in the Roman province of Augustamnica Prima.Damietta is also, probably since the fifth century, a see for the Monophysite Copts; moreover, one of the non-Catholic Greek metropolitans subject to the Patriarch of Alexandria bears the title of Pelusium an...
  • Damietta Port
    Damietta Port

    Egypt's Damietta Port is situated 8.5 km west of the Nile river of Damietta branch westward Ras El-Bar, and it is 70 km. distanced from Port Said....
  • Damiata (titular see)
    Damiata (titular see)

    Damiata is a Catholic and Melkite Greek titular see in Egypt. It corresponds to Damietta, in the Roman province of Augustamnica Prima.Damietta is also, probably since the fifth century, a see for the Monophysite Copts; moreover, one of the non-Catholic Greek metropolitans subject to the Patriarch of Alexandria bears the title of Pelusium an...
  • Sidhom Bishay
    Sidhom Bishay

    Sidhom Bishay was a Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria martyr and saint.Bishay was a government employee in the city of Damietta, Egypt, at the time of Muhammad Ali of Egypt....


External links