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County of Jaffa and Ascalon
 
 
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The double County of Jaffa and Ascalon was one of the four major seigneuries
Manorialism

Manorialism or Seigneurialism was the organizing principle of rural economy and society widely practiced in Middle Ages western and parts of central Europe....
 comprising the major crusader state, the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christianity kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, Israel, was destroyed by the Mamluks....
, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin
John of Ibelin (jurist)

John of Ibelin , count of Jaffa and Ascalon, was a noted jurist and the author of the longest legal treatise from the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Philip of Ibelin, bailli of the Kingdom of Cyprus, and Alice of Montb?liard, and was the nephew of John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut....
.

a was fortified by Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon

Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087....
 after the First Crusade
First Crusade

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. The Emperor requested that western volunteers come to their aid and repel the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, Modern day Turkey....
 in 1100, and was unsuccessfully claimed by Daimbert of Pisa, the first Patriarch
Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem

The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is the title given to the Latin Rite Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem. The Archdiocese of Jerusalem has jurisdiction for all Latin Rite Catholics in Israel and Palestine....
. It remained part of the royal domain until it was given to Hugh of Le Puiset
Hugh I of Jaffa

Hugh I was the Lord of Le Puiset from 1097 and Count of Jaffa from 1106. He was the son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice of Montlh?ry. He is often confused with his son, who was also known as Hugh II of Le Puiset, though he was actually only Hugh II of Jaffa....
 in 1110. When Hugh II rebelled against King Fulk
Fulk of Jerusalem

title= Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem| image=| reign= 1131-1143| date1= 1131| date2= 1143| coronation= 1131| predecessor=Baldwin II of Jerusalem ...
 in 1134 the county was divided into a number of smaller holdings, and Jaffa itself became a royal domain.






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The double County of Jaffa and Ascalon was one of the four major seigneuries
Manorialism

Manorialism or Seigneurialism was the organizing principle of rural economy and society widely practiced in Middle Ages western and parts of central Europe....
 comprising the major crusader state, the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christianity kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, Israel, was destroyed by the Mamluks....
, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin
John of Ibelin (jurist)

John of Ibelin , count of Jaffa and Ascalon, was a noted jurist and the author of the longest legal treatise from the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Philip of Ibelin, bailli of the Kingdom of Cyprus, and Alice of Montb?liard, and was the nephew of John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut....
.

History

Jaffa was fortified by Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon

Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087....
 after the First Crusade
First Crusade

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. The Emperor requested that western volunteers come to their aid and repel the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, Modern day Turkey....
 in 1100, and was unsuccessfully claimed by Daimbert of Pisa, the first Patriarch
Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem

The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is the title given to the Latin Rite Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem. The Archdiocese of Jerusalem has jurisdiction for all Latin Rite Catholics in Israel and Palestine....
. It remained part of the royal domain until it was given to Hugh of Le Puiset
Hugh I of Jaffa

Hugh I was the Lord of Le Puiset from 1097 and Count of Jaffa from 1106. He was the son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice of Montlh?ry. He is often confused with his son, who was also known as Hugh II of Le Puiset, though he was actually only Hugh II of Jaffa....
 in 1110. When Hugh II rebelled against King Fulk
Fulk of Jerusalem

title= Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem| image=| reign= 1131-1143| date1= 1131| date2= 1143| coronation= 1131| predecessor=Baldwin II of Jerusalem ...
 in 1134 the county was divided into a number of smaller holdings, and Jaffa itself became a royal domain. Soon it was designated as the apanage of Fulk's second son, Amalric. In 1153, Fulk's first son King Baldwin III
Baldwin III of Jerusalem

Baldwin III of Jerusalem was Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1143–1162. He was the eldest son of Melisende of Jerusalem and Fulk of Jerusalem, and the grandson of Baldwin II of Jerusalem....
 conquered Ascalon
Siege of Ascalon

The Siege of Ascalon took place in 1153, resulting in the capture of that Egyptian fortress by the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem....
, and it was added to the territory of his brother Amalric.

It passed in and out of direct royal control when its holders were husbands or close relatives of the then-reigning Monarch or royal heir, or its usufruct
Usufruct

Usufruct is the legal right to use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person, as long as the property is not damaged....
 went to a member of the royal family. In that period, it usually produced income for one or several members of Amalric's first family. In 1221 it was given to Walter IV of Brienne
Walter IV of Brienne

Walter IV the Great of Brienne was Count of Brienne 1205 – 1244. He was the son of Walter III of Brienne and Elvira of Lecce. Around the time of his birth, his father lost his bid for the Sicilian throne and died in prison....
 by his uncle the king-consort John of Brienne
John of Brienne

John of Brienne was a French nobleman who became King of Jerusalem by marriage, and was later invited to become Latin Empire.He was the second son of Erard II of Brienne, count of Brienne, in Champagne, France, and of Agnes de Montfaucon....
, Walter being married to a granddaughter of the late king-consort Amalric II, who had held the county as successor of his brother king-consort Guy. Around 1250 it was given to a branch of the Ibelin
Ibelin

Ibelin was a castle in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century , which gave its name to an important family of nobles....
 family. With the capture of Jaffa by Baibars
Baibars

Baibars, or al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari , nicknamed Abu al-Futuh , was an important Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria....
 in 1268, the county became titular. It was bestowed anew upon John Perez Fabrice by James II of Cyprus
James II of Cyprus

James II of Cyprus or Jacques II le B?tard House of Lusignan , was the illegitimate son of John II of Cyprus and Marietta de Patras....
 and Jerusalem.

Vassals

The County of Jaffa and Ascalon had a number of vassals of its own:
  • Lordship of Ramla
    Lordship of Ramla

    The Lordship of Ramla was one of the vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was part of the County of Jaffa and Ascalon....
  • Lordship of Ibelin
    Ibelin

    Ibelin was a castle in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century , which gave its name to an important family of nobles....
  • Lordship of Mirabel (technically separate from the above, but held by the Ibelins)


Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon

(italicized names are titular counts only)
  • Roger and Gerard (c. 1100)
  • Royal domain (1100–1110)
  • Hugh I
    Hugh I of Jaffa

    Hugh I was the Lord of Le Puiset from 1097 and Count of Jaffa from 1106. He was the son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice of Montlh?ry. He is often confused with his son, who was also known as Hugh II of Le Puiset, though he was actually only Hugh II of Jaffa....
     (1110–1118), first cousin of king Baldwin II
  • Albert (1118–1122), second husband of Hugh I's widow
  • Hugh II (1122–1134), confiscated
  • Royal domain (1134–1151)
  • Amalric I
    Amalric I of Jerusalem

    Amalric I of Jerusalem was Kingdom of Jerusalem 1162–1174, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession. Amalric was the second son of Melisende of Jerusalem and Fulk of Jerusalem....
     (1151–1163)
  • Royal domain (1163–1176), Amalric's divorced wife Agnes
    Agnes of Courtenay

    Agnes of Courtenay was the daughter of Joscelin II of Courtenay by his wife Beatrice , and the mother of king Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and queen Sibylla of Jerusalem....
     received some income, then it passed to Sibylla
    Sibylla of Jerusalem

    Sibylla of Jerusalem was the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon from 1176 and Kings of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1190. She was the eldest daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Agnes of Courtenay, sister of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and half-sister of Isabella of Jerusalem, and mother of Baldwin V of Jerusalem....
     whose husbands held it in her right:
  • William of Montferrat
    William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon

    William of Montferrat , also called William Longsword , was the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, the eldest son of William V of Montferrat, Marquess of Montferrat and Judith of Babenberg....
     and Sibylla (1176–1177)
  • Sibylla
    Sibylla of Jerusalem

    Sibylla of Jerusalem was the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon from 1176 and Kings of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1190. She was the eldest daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Agnes of Courtenay, sister of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and half-sister of Isabella of Jerusalem, and mother of Baldwin V of Jerusalem....
     (1177–1180)
  • Guy of Lusignan
    Guy of Lusignan

    Guy of Lusignan, Guy of Jerusalem or Guy of Cyprus was a France Knight who, through marriage, became Kingdom of Jerusalem, and led the monarchy to disaster at the Battle of Hattin in 1187....
     and Sibylla (1180–1186)
  • Geoffrey of Lusignan (1191–?), Guy's brother
  • Amalric II
    Amalric II of Jerusalem

    Amalric II of Jerusalem or Amalric I of Cyprus, born Amalric of Lusignan , Kingdom of Jerusalem 1197–1205, was an older brother of Guy of Lusignan....
     (?–1197), Guy's brother, and then king-consort
  • Royal domain (1197–1221)
  • Walter IV of Brienne
    Walter IV of Brienne

    Walter IV the Great of Brienne was Count of Brienne 1205 – 1244. He was the son of Walter III of Brienne and Elvira of Lecce. Around the time of his birth, his father lost his bid for the Sicilian throne and died in prison....
     (1221–1244), nephew of John of Brienne and husband of Amalric II's granddaughter
  • John of Ibelin
    John of Ibelin (jurist)

    John of Ibelin , count of Jaffa and Ascalon, was a noted jurist and the author of the longest legal treatise from the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Philip of Ibelin, bailli of the Kingdom of Cyprus, and Alice of Montb?liard, and was the nephew of John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut....
     (1250–1266), Queen Isabella's half-brother's son
  • James of Ibelin (1266–1268, titular 1268–1276)
  • Guy of Ibelin
    Guy of Ibelin (1276-1304)

    Guy of Ibelin , of the Ibelin family, was County of Jaffa and Ascalon during the latter part of the Crusades. He was the son of John of Ibelin and Maria of Barbaron....
     (1276–1304)
  • Hugh of Ibelin (1304–1349)
  • Balian II of Ibelin (1349 – c. 1352)
  • Guy of Ibelin
    Guy of Ibelin

    Guy of Ibelin may refer to:*Guy of Ibelin, constable of Cyprus , marshal and constable of Cyprus, son of John of Ibelin, old Lord of Beirut*Guy of Ibelin , count of Jaffa, son of John of Jaffa, the jurist...
     (c. 1352 – c. 1353)
  • Balian of Ibelin (c. 1353 – c. 1365)
  • John of Ibelin (c. 1365 – c. 1367)
  • Mary of Ibelin (with Regnier le Petit) (c. 1367)
  • Florin (c. 1450) perh. the same as
  • Jacques de Flory (d. 1463)
  • John Perez Fabrice
  • Louis Perez Fabrice
  • Georges Contaren
  • N. Contaren
  • Georges Contaren II (c. 1579)


See also

  • Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
    Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

    The Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller seigneuries....


Sources

  • John L. La Monte, Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100-1291. The Medieval Academy of America, 1932.
  • Jonathan Riley-Smith
    Jonathan Riley-Smith

    Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith, K.St.J.,Ph.D. Master of Arts , Litt.D., FRHistS is an historian of the Crusades, and a former Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History....
    , The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. The Macmillan Press, 1973.
  • Steven Runciman
    Steven Runciman

    Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman Order of the Companions of Honour , better known as Sir Steven Runciman, was a United Kingdom mediaeval historian known for his work on the Middle Ages.For other people named Runciman, see Runciman ...
    , A History of the Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187. Cambridge University Press
    Cambridge University Press

    Cambridge University Press is a printer and publisher granted a Royal Letters Patent by Henry VIII of England in 1534. It is the world's oldest continually operating book publisher....
    , 1952.
  • Steven Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291. Clarendon Press, 1989.