Conservative terrorism
Encyclopedia
Conservative terrorism is a type of terrorism
, associated with state
loyal
terrorism, that is carried out by militants intending to eliminate threats which they believe should have been eliminated by a state's security forces. A conservative terrorist group is one which uses terrorism in order to defend the existing order or to gain a reversion to an earlier arrangement.
According to American counterinsurgency expert Major Erik A. Claessen,
On the other hand, it has also been noted that conservative terrorists are less likely to attract female participants than left-wing terrorist groups. RAND analysts Kim Cragin and Sara Daly believe that left-wing groups are also "more likely to allow women to fight and take on operation roles as a reflection of societies' expectation of women's roles in general."
Groups described as conservative terrorist organizations include a number of organizations formed to supposedly combat communists in Colombia
and the pro-British
groups in Northern Ireland
.
According to international relations scholar C. J. M. Drake, the Contras
, a conservative terrorist group, were supplied with weapons
by the United States
in order to fight the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua
.
and the White League
, have been active in the United States, as in the period when conservative terrorist groups intimidated voters during the Reconstruction era that followed the Civil War
in the American South. Conservative terrorist activities during this period in United States history frequently involved murder, as in the case of African Americans killed in retaliation for their political activity.
was active in the years of Brazil
ian military dictatorship.
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
, associated with state
State (polity)
A state is an organized political community, living under a government. States may be sovereign and may enjoy a monopoly on the legal initiation of force and are not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. Many states are federated states which participate in a federal union...
loyal
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
terrorism, that is carried out by militants intending to eliminate threats which they believe should have been eliminated by a state's security forces. A conservative terrorist group is one which uses terrorism in order to defend the existing order or to gain a reversion to an earlier arrangement.
According to American counterinsurgency expert Major Erik A. Claessen,
On the other hand, it has also been noted that conservative terrorists are less likely to attract female participants than left-wing terrorist groups. RAND analysts Kim Cragin and Sara Daly believe that left-wing groups are also "more likely to allow women to fight and take on operation roles as a reflection of societies' expectation of women's roles in general."
Groups described as conservative terrorist organizations include a number of organizations formed to supposedly combat communists in Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
and the pro-British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
groups in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
.
According to international relations scholar C. J. M. Drake, the Contras
Contras
The contras is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing Nicaragua's FSLN Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle's dictatorship...
, a conservative terrorist group, were supplied with weapons
Iran-Contra Affair
The Iran–Contra affair , also referred to as Irangate, Contragate or Iran-Contra-Gate, was a political scandal in the United States that came to light in November 1986. During the Reagan administration, senior Reagan administration officials and President Reagan secretly facilitated the sale of...
by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
in order to fight the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
.
In the United States
Conservative terrorist groups, such as the Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
and the White League
White League
The White League was a white paramilitary group started in 1874 that operated to turn Republicans out of office and intimidate freedmen from voting and political organizing. Its first chapter in Grant Parish, Louisiana was made up of many of the Confederate veterans who had participated in the...
, have been active in the United States, as in the period when conservative terrorist groups intimidated voters during the Reconstruction era that followed the Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
in the American South. Conservative terrorist activities during this period in United States history frequently involved murder, as in the case of African Americans killed in retaliation for their political activity.
In Brazil
Command of Communist HuntingCommand of Communist Hunting
The Command for Communist Hunting , was a paramilitary and conservative terrorist group active in Brazil during the first years of the military dictatorship .-Activities:...
was active in the years of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian military dictatorship.