Comparison of photo stitching applications (software)
Encyclopedia
Photo stitching applications are a common inexpensive way of producing panoramic pictures
Panorama
A panorama is any wide-angle view or representation of a physical space, whether in painting, drawing, photography, film/video, or a three-dimensional model....

. The other method involves using panoramic cameras or panoramic mirror lenses (i.e. one-shot lenses).

General

Name Developer(s) Operating system(s) License Price WWW Notes
i2Align Quickage Express / Pro DualAlign LLC Windows XP
Windows XP
Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops and media centers. First released to computer manufacturers on August 24, 2001, it is the second most popular version of Windows, based on installed user base...

 or Vista; Mac OS X
Mac OS X
Mac OS X is a series of Unix-based operating systems and graphical user interfaces developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. Since 2002, has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems...

 10.2 or higher
Proprietary Express: $50 / Pro: $100 i2Align.com Express is limited to four images per panorama
Pixtra OmniStitcher Pixtra Corp. Windows 95
Windows 95
Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. It was released on August 24, 1995 by Microsoft, and was a significant progression from the company's previous Windows products...

 or later
Proprietary $49 Pixtra.com Designed for 360x180 degree omniramas.
Pixtra PanoStitcher Pixtra Corp. Windows 95
Windows 95
Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. It was released on August 24, 1995 by Microsoft, and was a significant progression from the company's previous Windows products...

 or later
Proprietary $30 Pixtra.com Includes virtual tool authoring package.
Dermandar Dermandar Browser based (Adobe Flash player required), Apple iOS4 Proprietary Free Dermandar.com Panoramas are uploaded on the Dermandar server and they can be viewed with the provided Flash viewer.
PhotoFit Harmony / Premium Tekmate, Inc. Windows 98
Windows 98
Windows 98 is a graphical operating system by Microsoft. It is the second major release in the Windows 9x line of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on 15 May 1998 and to retail on 25 June 1998. Windows 98 is the successor to Windows 95. Like its predecessor, it is a hybrid...

 or later
Proprietary Harmony: $52 / Premium: $277 PhotoFit4Panorama.com Premium has bigger output size limits (12 vs. 1200 Mpix) and more output projections.
PanoramaPlus X4 Serif (Europe) Ltd. Windows XP or later Proprietary £20 Serif.com Video input.
PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro 3cim, Inc. Windows ?? Proprietary $199 / Pro: $499 + annual $199 PanoBuilder.com Price incl. hosting for virtual tours.
360 Panorama Professional 360 Degrees of Freedom Windows only Proprietary $99 360dof.com Includes virtual tool authoring package.
VRstitcher Fisheye Pro 360 Degrees of Freedom Windows only Proprietary $499 360dof.com Includes virtual tool authoring package. specifically designed for fisheye lenses.
COOL 360 Ulead / Corel
Corel
Corel Corporation from the abbreviation is a computer software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, that specializes in graphics processing, similar to Adobe Systems...

 Corp.
Windows, up to XP only Proprietary $40 Corel.com Support discontinued.
PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent. PanaVue Windows 2000
Windows 2000
Windows 2000 is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, business desktops, laptops, and servers. Windows 2000 was released to manufacturing on 15 December 1999 and launched to retail on 17 February 2000. It is the successor to Windows NT 4.0, and is the...

 or later
Proprietary Std: $64 / Pro: $129 / Ent. $199 PanaVue.com Std. limited to 200 Mpix input or maximum 50 kpix output dimensions. Others up to 10 Gpix.
The Panorama Factory v5 Smoky City Design, LLC Windows 98 or later; Mac OS X 10.3.9 or later Proprietary $80 panoramafactory.com
PixMaker Lite / Home / Business Windows 95 or later Proprietary Lite: Free / Home: $20 / Business: $349 Singnet.com
PTAssembler Max Lyons Windows only Proprietary $49 / $299 Tawbaware.com Based on Panorama Tools
Panoweaver Standard / Professional / Batch Easypano Holdings LLC Windows 2000 or later; Mac OS X 10.4 or later Proprietary Standard: $100 / Professional: $500 / Batch: $1000 easypano.com
PTgui
PTgui
PTgui is a commercial panorama photo stitching program for Windows and Mac OS X developed by New House Internet Services BV. PTgui was initially created as a GUI frontend to Helmut Dersch's Panorama Tools. It currently features its own stitching and blending engine along with compatibility to...

 / PTgui Pro
New House Internet Services BV Windows; Mac OS X Proprietary €79 (personal) / €180 (company); Pro: €149 (personal / €349 (company) ptgui.com Based on Panorama Tools.
Autopano Pro / Giga / Server Kolor Windows 2000 or later; Mac OS X 10.5 or later with Intel processor; Linux
Linux
Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of any Linux system is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released October 5, 1991 by Linus Torvalds...

 2.6 or later
Proprietary Pro: €99; Giga: €199 (+taxes) www.kolor.com
Autostitch
Autostitch
AutoStitch is a proprietary image stitching software tool for creating panoramas. It was developed by Matthew Brown and David G. Lowe of the University of British Columbia.The software uses methods known as SIFT and RANSAC...

Matthew Brown & David Lowe Windows only Proprietary Time limited demo only Autostitch home page
Calico Panorama Kekus Mac only Proprietary $39 kekus.com Based on Autostitch.
hugin
Hugin (software)
Hugin is a cross-platform open source panorama photo stitching and HDR merging program developed by Pablo d'Angelo and others. It is a GUI front-end for Helmut Dersch's Panorama Tools and Andrew Mihal's Enblend and Enfuse...

Pablo d'Angelo et al. Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD
FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via BSD UNIX. Although for legal reasons FreeBSD cannot be called “UNIX”, as the direct descendant of BSD UNIX , FreeBSD’s internals and system APIs are UNIX-compliant...

GPL Free hugin.sf.net Based on Panorama Tools.
Stitcher 3.0 3DVista Windows 2000 or later Proprietary €/$199 3dvista.com
D Joiner D Vision Works, Ltd. Windows 95 or later Proprietary £300 d-vw.com
Panorama Maker 5.0 Pro Arcsoft
ArcSoft
ArcSoft, Inc. is a computer software development company that makes multimedia technologies and applications across desktop and embedded platforms. ArcSoft works primarily with original equipment manufacturers and offers digital imaging and video solutions...

, Inc.
Windows Vista/7; Mac OS X Proprietary $80 arcsoft.com Video input.
Photovista Panorama iseemedia, inc. Windows 98 SE or later; Mac OS 9.1 or later Proprietary $250 iseephotovista.com
PanoramaStudio 2 / Pro Tobias Hüllmandel Software Windows 2000 or later Proprietary €35/70€ tshsoft.de RAW file support. Multirow stitching only with Pro version.
Stitcher Unlimited 2009 Autodesk
Autodesk
Autodesk, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that focuses on 3D design software for use in the architecture, engineering, construction, manufacturing, media and entertainment industries. The company was founded in 1982 by John Walker, a coauthor of the first versions of the company's...

Windows Vista SP2 or later; Mac OS X 10.4.10 or later Proprietary $400 autodesk.com Export to Flash, VRML
VRML
VRML is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional interactive vector graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind...

, QTVR.
ADG Panorama Tools / Pro Albatross Design Group Windows 95 or later Proprietary $40 / $99 albatrossdesign.com Pro version has ability to create hot spots for virtual tours.
Panorama Composer 3 FirmTools Windows 95 or later Proprietary $30 Panorama.FirmTools.com Includes Flash, ActiveX
ActiveX
ActiveX is a framework for defining reusable software components in a programming language-independent way. Software applications can then be composed from one or more of these components in order to provide their functionality....

 and Java based viewers for web.
Image Composite Editor Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...

Windows XP or later Proprietary Free for non-commercial use research.microsoft.com
Panorama Perfect Michal Pohanka Windows 2000 or later Proprietary $29 volny.cz
Photoshop CS5 Adobe Systems
Adobe Systems
Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American computer software company founded in 1982 and headquartered in San Jose, California, United States...

Windows; Mac OS X Proprietary $699 adobe.com
AIPR Lite 1 Mayachitra, Inc. Windows*; Mac OS X 10.6+* Proprietary $29.95 AIPR Lite (*) both 32 and 64 bit versions available.
Gigapan Stitch 1.0 Gigapan Systems Windows; Mac OS X 10.4 or later Proprietary License fee $9.99 Gigapan Stitch 1.0 Assumes images form approximate grid. Works well on large numbers of images ( hundreds, thousands )
PanoramaMaker STOIK Imaging Windows; Mac OS X Proprietary 39€ STOIK.com
Montage Image Mosaic
Montage Image Mosaic Software
Montage is a software toolkit used in astronomy to assemble astronomical images in Flexible Image Transport System format into composite images, called mosaics, that preserve the calibration and positional fidelity of the original input images. It won a NASA Space Act Award in 2006...

Caltech/IPAC
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
The Infrared Processing and Analysis Center is the NASA science center responsible for the data processing, analysis, and archiving of NASA's infrared astronomy and astrophysics missions...

, JPL, CACR, ISI
Information Sciences Institute
The Information Sciences Institute is a research and development unit of the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering which focuses on computer and communications technology and information processing...

Unix
Unix
Unix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna...

Non-exclusive and non-commercial open source license issued by Caltech and JPL Free, open source Wikipedia article
Montage Image Mosaic Software
Montage is a software toolkit used in astronomy to assemble astronomical images in Flexible Image Transport System format into composite images, called mosaics, that preserve the calibration and positional fidelity of the original input images. It won a NASA Space Act Award in 2006...

, official Web site
Produces science-grade mosaics for astronomical research
PanoEdit Alexander Boltnev Mac OS X Proprietary $29 www.panoedit.com
Name Developer(s) Operating system(s) License Price WWW Notes

HDR, tonemapping and exposure fusion

Name HDR
High dynamic range imaging
In image processing, computer graphics, and photography, high dynamic range imaging is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standard digital imaging techniques or photographic methods...

 input (EXR
OpenEXR
OpenEXR is a high dynamic range imaging image file format, released as an open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light and Magic , released under a free software license similar to the BSD license....

, HDR, Logluv
Logluv TIFF
Logluv TIFF is an encoding used for storing high dynamic range imaging data inside a TIFF image. It was originally developed by Greg Ward for storing HDR-output of his Radiance-photonmapper in a time, where storage-space was a crucial factor. Its implementation in TIFF also allowed the combination...

, etc.)
Merging to HDR from LDR images HDR output (EXR
OpenEXR
OpenEXR is a high dynamic range imaging image file format, released as an open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light and Magic , released under a free software license similar to the BSD license....

, HDR, Logluv
Logluv TIFF
Logluv TIFF is an encoding used for storing high dynamic range imaging data inside a TIFF image. It was originally developed by Greg Ward for storing HDR-output of his Radiance-photonmapper in a time, where storage-space was a crucial factor. Its implementation in TIFF also allowed the combination...

, etc.)
Tonemapping Exposure fusion Notes
i2Align Quickage Express / Pro * * *) Pro version only.
Pixtra PanoStitcher
Pixtra OmniStitcher
PhotoFit Harmony / Premium
PanoramaPlus X4
PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro
360 Panorama Professional
VRstitcher Fisheye Pro
COOL 360
PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent.
The Panorama Factory v5
PixMaker Lite / Home / Business
PTAssembler Exposure fusion with TuFuse or enfuse. Automatic detection of image stacks.
Panoweaver Standard / Professional / Batch * (Basic gamma adjustment) *) Professional and Batch versions only
PTgui / PTgui Pro * * * * * Exposure fusion with enfuse or TuFuse. *) Pro version only.
Autopano Pro / Giga / Server
Autostitch
Calico Panorama
hugin Exposure fusion with enfuse, automatic detection of image stacks.
3DVista Stitcher 3.0
D Joiner
Panorama Maker 5.0 Pro
Photovista Panorama
PanoramaStudio
Stitcher Unlimited 2009
ADG Panorama Tools / Pro
Panorama Composer 3
Image Composite Editor Supports 16-bit camera raw input via WIC
Windows Imaging Component
The Windows Imaging Component is a Component Object Model based imaging codec framework introduced in Windows Vista and Windows XP Service Pack 3 for working with and processing digital images and image metadata...

 plugins
Panorama Perfect
Photoshop
AIPR Lite 1 * (*) color mapping around the seams allows to preserve the original photometric properties of the images
Gigapan Stitch 1.0
PanoramaMaker
PanoEdit EXR and 32 bit TIF are supported for export
Name HDR
High dynamic range imaging
In image processing, computer graphics, and photography, high dynamic range imaging is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standard digital imaging techniques or photographic methods...

 input (EXR
OpenEXR
OpenEXR is a high dynamic range imaging image file format, released as an open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light and Magic , released under a free software license similar to the BSD license....

, HDR, Logluv
Logluv TIFF
Logluv TIFF is an encoding used for storing high dynamic range imaging data inside a TIFF image. It was originally developed by Greg Ward for storing HDR-output of his Radiance-photonmapper in a time, where storage-space was a crucial factor. Its implementation in TIFF also allowed the combination...

, etc.)
Merging to HDR from LDR images HDR output (EXR
OpenEXR
OpenEXR is a high dynamic range imaging image file format, released as an open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light and Magic , released under a free software license similar to the BSD license....

, HDR, Logluv
Logluv TIFF
Logluv TIFF is an encoding used for storing high dynamic range imaging data inside a TIFF image. It was originally developed by Greg Ward for storing HDR-output of his Radiance-photonmapper in a time, where storage-space was a crucial factor. Its implementation in TIFF also allowed the combination...

, etc.)
Tonemapping Exposure fusion Notes

Image corrections

Name Panorama leveling Vignetting
Vignetting
In photography and optics, vignetting  is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation at the periphery compared to the image center. The word vignette, from the same root as vine, originally referred to a decorative border in a book. Later, the word came to be used for a photographic...

 correction
Lens distortion correcting White balance correction Exposure
Exposure (photography)
In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value and scene luminance over a specified area.In photographic jargon, an exposure...

 correction
Viewpoint
Camera angle
The camera angle marks the specific location at which a camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles. This will give different experience and sometimes emotion. the different camera angles will have different effects on the viewer and how they perceive the scene...

 adjustment
Notes
Dermandar
i2Align Quickage Express / Pro
Pixtra PanoStitcher Also chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration is a type of distortion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point. It occurs because lenses have a different refractive index for different wavelengths of light...

 correction if correction parameters provided
Pixtra OmniStitcher Also chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration is a type of distortion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point. It occurs because lenses have a different refractive index for different wavelengths of light...

 correction if correction parameters provided
PhotoFit Harmony / Premium
PanoramaPlus X4
PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro
360 Panorama Professional
VRstitcher Fisheye Pro
COOL 360
PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent.
The Panorama Factory v5
PixMaker Lite / Home / Business
PTAssembler
Panoweaver Standard / Professional / Batch (manual) (manual)
PTgui / PTgui Pro
Autopano Pro / Giga / Server * (*) Giga only.
Autostitch
Calico Panorama
hugin
3DVista Stitcher 3.0
D Joiner
Panorama Maker 5.0 Pro
Photovista Panorama
PanoramaStudio 2 / Pro
Stitcher Unlimited 2009
ADG Panorama Tools / Pro
Panorama Composer 3
Image Composite Editor
Panorama Perfect
Photoshop
AIPR Lite 1 * (*) color mapping about the seams greatly mitigates the effects of vignetting
Gigapan Stitch 1.0
PanoramaMaker
PanoEdit
Name Panorama leveling Vignetting
Vignetting
In photography and optics, vignetting  is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation at the periphery compared to the image center. The word vignette, from the same root as vine, originally referred to a decorative border in a book. Later, the word came to be used for a photographic...

 correction
Lens distortion correcting White balance correction Exposure
Exposure (photography)
In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value and scene luminance over a specified area.In photographic jargon, an exposure...

 correction
Viewpoint
Camera angle
The camera angle marks the specific location at which a camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles. This will give different experience and sometimes emotion. the different camera angles will have different effects on the viewer and how they perceive the scene...

 adjustment
Notes

Export options

Name Raster images (JPEG, TIFF, etc.) Flash
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity to web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements, games and flash animations for broadcast...

 viewer
Java viewer QTVR HTML 5
HTML 5
HTML5 is a language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web, and is a core technology of the Internet originally proposed by Opera Software. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard and is still under development...

*
Notes
Dermandar Includes free Flash and HTML5 viewer.
i2Align Quickage Express / Pro
Pixtra PanoStitcher Includes ActiveX viewer & export.
Pixtra OmniStitcher Includes ActiveX viewer & export.
PhotoFit Harmony / Premium
PanoramaPlus X4 Flickr
Flickr
Flickr is an image hosting and video hosting website, web services suite, and online community that was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and acquired by Yahoo! in 2005. In addition to being a popular website for users to share and embed personal photographs, the service is widely used by bloggers to...

 export.
PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro * *) Planar viewer.
360 Panorama Professional
VRstitcher Fisheye Pro
COOL 360 Embedding of panoramas into executables (.exe) and Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...

 Office
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office is a non-free commercial office suite of inter-related desktop applications, servers and services for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, introduced by Microsoft in August 1, 1989. Initially a marketing term for a bundled set of applications, the first version of...

 files. ActiveX viewer.
PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent.
The Panorama Factory v5
PixMaker Lite / Home / Business
PTAssembler
Panoweaver Standard / Professional / Batch
PTgui / PTgui Pro
Autopano Pro / Giga / Server
Autostitch
Calico
hugin
3DVista Stitcher 3.0
D Joiner
Panorama Maker 5.0 Pro
Photovista Panorama IVR export.
PanoramaStudio 2 / pro
Stitcher Unlimited 2009 VRML export.
ADG Panorama Tools / Pro
Panorama Composer 3 Includes ActiveX viewer & export.
Image Composite Editor Publish to Photosynth website, Silverlight based viewer.
Panorama Perfect
Photoshop
AIPR Lite 1
Gigapan Stitch 1.0 3D viewer in stitcher / Publishing to gigapan.org 2D flash viewer / Embeddable flash viewer
PanoramaMaker
PanoEdit
Name Raster images (JPEG, TIFF, etc.) Flash
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity to web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements, games and flash animations for broadcast...

 viewer
Java viewer QTVR HTML 5
HTML 5
HTML5 is a language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web, and is a core technology of the Internet originally proposed by Opera Software. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard and is still under development...

*
Notes

* ) Export to HTML 5 usually means WebGL
WebGL
WebGL is a software library that extends the capability of the JavaScript programming language to allow it to generate interactive 3D graphics within any compatible web browser...

 based viewer application.

Compatible equipment

Name Rectilinear lenses (i.e. normal camera lenses) Fish eye lenses Partial or full (spherical) panoramas or images from panoramic cameras Different focal length
Focal length
The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light. For an optical system in air, it is the distance over which initially collimated rays are brought to a focus...

s in single panorama
Different lens types in single panorama Perspective correction lens
Perspective correction lens
In photography, a perspective control lens allows the photographer to control the appearance of perspective in the image; the lens can be moved parallel to the film or sensor, providing the equivalent of corresponding view camera movements...

es
Other/Notes
i2Align Quickage Express / Pro
Pixtra PanoStitcher
Pixtra OmniStitcher
PhotoFit Harmony / Premium
PanoramaPlus X4
PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro
360 Panorama Professional
VRstitcher Fisheye Pro
COOL 360
PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent. * *) Circular fish eyes not supported, diagonal fish eyes up to 180 degree field of view
Field of view
The field of view is the extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment....

.
The Panorama Factory v5
PixMaker Lite / Home / Business
PTAssembler
Panoweaver Standard / Professional / Batch * * Pro & Batch versions only
PTgui
PTgui
PTgui is a commercial panorama photo stitching program for Windows and Mac OS X developed by New House Internet Services BV. PTgui was initially created as a GUI frontend to Helmut Dersch's Panorama Tools. It currently features its own stitching and blending engine along with compatibility to...

 / PTgui Pro
Autopano Pro / Giga / Server Also supports motorized panoramic heads, in Giga & Pro versions.
Autostitch
Autostitch
AutoStitch is a proprietary image stitching software tool for creating panoramas. It was developed by Matthew Brown and David G. Lowe of the University of British Columbia.The software uses methods known as SIFT and RANSAC...

Calico Panorama
hugin * * As of v2010.2 onwards, all known fish eye projections are supported (equisolid, orthographic
Orthographic projection
Orthographic projection is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface...

, stereographic
Stereographic projection
The stereographic projection, in geometry, is a particular mapping that projects a sphere onto a plane. The projection is defined on the entire sphere, except at one point — the projection point. Where it is defined, the mapping is smooth and bijective. It is conformal, meaning that it...

)
3DVista Stitcher 3.0 "One shot" i.e. panoramic mirror lenses also supported.
D Joiner
Panorama Maker 5.0 Pro
Photovista Panorama
PanoramaStudio 2 / Pro
Stitcher Unlimited 2009
ADG Panorama Tools / Pro * *) Cylindrical only
Panorama Composer 3
Image Composite Editor
Panorama Perfect
Photoshop
AIPR Lite 1 * (*) homographic model compensates for these type of lenses
Gigapan Stitch 1.0
PanoramaMaker
PanoEdit
Name Rectilinear lenses (i.e. normal camera lenses) Fish eye lenses Partial or full (spherical) panoramas or images from panoramic cameras Different focal length
Focal length
The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light. For an optical system in air, it is the distance over which initially collimated rays are brought to a focus...

s in single panorama
Different lens types in single panorama Perspective correction lens
Perspective correction lens
In photography, a perspective control lens allows the photographer to control the appearance of perspective in the image; the lens can be moved parallel to the film or sensor, providing the equivalent of corresponding view camera movements...

es
Other/Notes
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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