Claude Berrou
Encyclopedia
Claude Berrou is a French
professor in electrical engineering
at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne
, now Telecom-Bretagne. He is the coinventor with Alain Glavieux
in 1991 (and Punya Thitimajshima
that developed later similar methods published in a doctorate thesis when he was a student in the same research lab) of a groundbreaking quasi-optimal error-correcting coding scheme called Turbo code
s.
; one application of this principle has been invented for the decoding of Low-density parity-check code
s (LDPC codes also known as Gallager codes, in honor of Robert G. Gallager
, who developed the LDPC concept in his doctoral dissertation at MIT in 1960 as a theoretical model whose practical implementation was not widely developed until recently). The Turbo principle is generalized now by Claude Berrou and his lab team for the processing of various functions such as the demodulation
, the detection or the equalization
using a network of multiple convolution codes working in parallel with probabilistic feedback.
Other subjects of interest include all their possible applications in the field of artificial intelligence
, for example with a better understanding of natural biological thinking and memory for the implementation of such model using neural network
s for the processing of pulsed signals with software and hardware methods with auto-selected and self-maintained combinations of activation cycles of adjacent neurons.
, Matthieu Arzel, Michel Jezequel, Charlotte Langlais, Raphaël Le Bidan, Samir Saoudi, Gérard Battail, Emmanuel Boutillon, Yannick Saouter, Emeric Maury, Christophe Laot, Sylvie Kerouedan, Frédéric Guilloud, and Catherine Douillard. Paris: Springer (2007), 397 p. (Iris), ISBN 978-2-287-32739-1. Codage de canal — des bases théoriques aux turbocodes (Channel encoding — from theoretical grounds to turbocodes) by Alain Glavieux with Patrick Adde, Gérard Battail, Ezio Biglieri, Michel Jezequel, Alain Poli, Sandrine Vaton, Ramesh Pyndiah, Annie Picart, Catherine Douillard, and Claude Berrou. Paris: Hermès Science / Lavoisier (2005), 453 p. (Traité IC2 : Traitement du signal et de l’image), ISBN 2-7462-0953-5.
He wrote many chapters in various books related to turbocodes in US publications, published several articles in various international research magazines with scientific review comities, and made many communications in international conferences with review comities.
During his work on turbocodes and parallel convolutive encoding and decoding, he has authored several registered patents for methods and devices implementing this technology: Procédé de codage convolutif correcteurs d’erreurs pseudo-systématique, procédé de décodage et dispositifs correspondents (Apparatus of pseudo-systematic error-correcting convolutive coding, associated decoding process and devices) by Claude Berrou and Patrick Adde (Institut TELECOM
; Telecom Bretagne
; France Telecom
& TDF
), France, April 1991. Procédé de décodage d’un code convolutif à maximum de vraisemblance et pondération des décisions et décodeur correspondent (Apparatus of decoding for a convolutive code with maximum likelihood and weighted decisions, and associated decoder) by Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne), France, April 1992. Procédé de codage correcteurs d’erreurs à au moins deux codages convolutifs systématiques en parallèle, procédé de décodage itératif, module de décodage et décodeur correspondents (Apparatus of error-detecting encoding using at least two systematic convolutive encodings in parallel, process of iterative decoding, and associated decoding module and decoder) by Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom & TDF), France, April 1992. Décodage itératif de codes produits (Iterative decoding of product codes) by Ramesh Pyndiah, Alain Glavieux and Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom), France, November 1993. Dispositif de réception de signaux numériques à structure itérative, module et procédé correspondents (Numeric signals device with iterative structure, associated module and process), by Catherine Douillard, Alain Glavieux, Michel Jezequel and Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom & TDF), France, February 1995. Procédé et dispositif de codage convolutif de blocs de données et procédé et dispositif de décodage correspondents (Apparatus and devices for the convolutive encoding of data blocks, and associated process and decoding device) by Claude Berrou and Michel Jezequel (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom et TDF), France, April 1996. Procédé et dispositif de codage à au moins deux codages en parallèle et permutation améliorée, et procédé et dispositif de décodage correspondents (Apparatus and device for the encoding with at least two parallel encoders and enhanced permutation, and associated process and decoding device) by Claude Berrou and Alain Glavieux (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; GET
), France, July 1999. Procédé de qualification de codes correcteurs d’erreurs, procédé d’optimisation, codeur, décodeur et application correspondents (Apparatus for the qualification of error-correcting codes, and associated optimization process, encoder, decoder and application) by Claude Berrou, Michel Jezequel and Catherine Douillard (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom & GET), France September 2001.
He was nominated for the European Inventor of the Year Award (2006).
He was finally elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences
in 2007.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
professor in electrical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...
at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne
École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne
Telecom Bretagne is one of the top French grande école and a high standard research centre providing high level training in Information Technologies and telecommunications...
, now Telecom-Bretagne. He is the coinventor with Alain Glavieux
Alain Glavieux
Alain Glavieux , was a French professor in electrical engineering at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne...
in 1991 (and Punya Thitimajshima
Punya Thitimajshima
Punya Thitimajshima , a Thai professor in the department of telecommunications engineering at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology at Ladkrabang, is the co-inventor with Claude Berrou and Alain Glavieux of a groundbreaking coding scheme called turbo codes.Thitimajshima was educated at King...
that developed later similar methods published in a doctorate thesis when he was a student in the same research lab) of a groundbreaking quasi-optimal error-correcting coding scheme called Turbo code
Turbo code
In information theory, turbo codes are a class of high-performance forward error correction codes developed in 1993, which were the first practical codes to closely approach the channel capacity, a theoretical maximum for the code rate at which reliable communication is still possible given a...
s.
Key research activities
His current research activities are now concentrated on the application and extension of the Turbo technology in various domains, including his research on Artificial thinking, because the Turbo-decoding has been recognized as a new instance of the very general principle of Belief propagationBelief propagation
Belief propagation is a message passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. It calculates the marginal distribution for each unobserved node, conditional on any observed nodes...
; one application of this principle has been invented for the decoding of Low-density parity-check code
Low-density parity-check code
In information theory, a low-density parity-check code is a linear error correcting code, a method of transmitting a message over a noisy transmission channel, and is constructed using a sparse bipartite graph...
s (LDPC codes also known as Gallager codes, in honor of Robert G. Gallager
Robert G. Gallager
Robert Gray Gallager is an American electrical engineer known for his work on information theory and communications networks. He was elected an IEEE Fellow in 1968 and a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1979. He received the Claude E. Shannon Award from the IEEE Information Theory...
, who developed the LDPC concept in his doctoral dissertation at MIT in 1960 as a theoretical model whose practical implementation was not widely developed until recently). The Turbo principle is generalized now by Claude Berrou and his lab team for the processing of various functions such as the demodulation
Demodulation
Demodulation is the act of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave.A demodulator is an electronic circuit that is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave.These terms are traditionally used in connection with radio receivers,...
, the detection or the equalization
Equalization
Equalization, is the process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal. The most well known use of equalization is in sound recording and reproduction but there are many other applications in electronics and telecommunications. The circuit or equipment used...
using a network of multiple convolution codes working in parallel with probabilistic feedback.
Other subjects of interest include all their possible applications in the field of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
, for example with a better understanding of natural biological thinking and memory for the implementation of such model using neural network
Neural network
The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of biological neurons. The modern usage of the term often refers to artificial neural networks, which are composed of artificial neurons or nodes...
s for the processing of pulsed signals with software and hardware methods with auto-selected and self-maintained combinations of activation cycles of adjacent neurons.
Publications
He is the author or coauthor of several books related to turbocodes and their encoding/decoding methods or implementation devices: Codes et turbocodes (Codes and turbocodes) by Claude Berrou with Karine Amis Cavalec, Alain GlavieuxAlain Glavieux
Alain Glavieux , was a French professor in electrical engineering at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne...
, Matthieu Arzel, Michel Jezequel, Charlotte Langlais, Raphaël Le Bidan, Samir Saoudi, Gérard Battail, Emmanuel Boutillon, Yannick Saouter, Emeric Maury, Christophe Laot, Sylvie Kerouedan, Frédéric Guilloud, and Catherine Douillard. Paris: Springer (2007), 397 p. (Iris), ISBN 978-2-287-32739-1. Codage de canal — des bases théoriques aux turbocodes (Channel encoding — from theoretical grounds to turbocodes) by Alain Glavieux with Patrick Adde, Gérard Battail, Ezio Biglieri, Michel Jezequel, Alain Poli, Sandrine Vaton, Ramesh Pyndiah, Annie Picart, Catherine Douillard, and Claude Berrou. Paris: Hermès Science / Lavoisier (2005), 453 p. (Traité IC2 : Traitement du signal et de l’image), ISBN 2-7462-0953-5.
He wrote many chapters in various books related to turbocodes in US publications, published several articles in various international research magazines with scientific review comities, and made many communications in international conferences with review comities.
During his work on turbocodes and parallel convolutive encoding and decoding, he has authored several registered patents for methods and devices implementing this technology: Procédé de codage convolutif correcteurs d’erreurs pseudo-systématique, procédé de décodage et dispositifs correspondents (Apparatus of pseudo-systematic error-correcting convolutive coding, associated decoding process and devices) by Claude Berrou and Patrick Adde (Institut TELECOM
Institut TELECOM
The Institut Telecom was created in December 1996 as an administrative public establishment assuring the management of several higher education establishments and of French research in the sector of the Information Technology and Telecommunications.Institut Telecom's mission lies in higher...
; Telecom Bretagne
École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne
Telecom Bretagne is one of the top French grande école and a high standard research centre providing high level training in Information Technologies and telecommunications...
; France Telecom
France Télécom
France Telecom S.A. is the main telecommunications company in France, the third-largest in Europe and one of the largest in the world. It currently employs about 180,000 people and has 192.7 million customers worldwide . In 2010 the group had revenue of €45.5 billion...
& TDF
TDF
TDF may refer to:Technology:* TenDRA Distribution Format, a design of abstract machine* Testis determining factor, gene that results in maleness* Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, the antiretroviral drug...
), France, April 1991. Procédé de décodage d’un code convolutif à maximum de vraisemblance et pondération des décisions et décodeur correspondent (Apparatus of decoding for a convolutive code with maximum likelihood and weighted decisions, and associated decoder) by Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne), France, April 1992. Procédé de codage correcteurs d’erreurs à au moins deux codages convolutifs systématiques en parallèle, procédé de décodage itératif, module de décodage et décodeur correspondents (Apparatus of error-detecting encoding using at least two systematic convolutive encodings in parallel, process of iterative decoding, and associated decoding module and decoder) by Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom & TDF), France, April 1992. Décodage itératif de codes produits (Iterative decoding of product codes) by Ramesh Pyndiah, Alain Glavieux and Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom), France, November 1993. Dispositif de réception de signaux numériques à structure itérative, module et procédé correspondents (Numeric signals device with iterative structure, associated module and process), by Catherine Douillard, Alain Glavieux, Michel Jezequel and Claude Berrou (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom & TDF), France, February 1995. Procédé et dispositif de codage convolutif de blocs de données et procédé et dispositif de décodage correspondents (Apparatus and devices for the convolutive encoding of data blocks, and associated process and decoding device) by Claude Berrou and Michel Jezequel (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom et TDF), France, April 1996. Procédé et dispositif de codage à au moins deux codages en parallèle et permutation améliorée, et procédé et dispositif de décodage correspondents (Apparatus and device for the encoding with at least two parallel encoders and enhanced permutation, and associated process and decoding device) by Claude Berrou and Alain Glavieux (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; GET
Institut TELECOM
The Institut Telecom was created in December 1996 as an administrative public establishment assuring the management of several higher education establishments and of French research in the sector of the Information Technology and Telecommunications.Institut Telecom's mission lies in higher...
), France, July 1999. Procédé de qualification de codes correcteurs d’erreurs, procédé d’optimisation, codeur, décodeur et application correspondents (Apparatus for the qualification of error-correcting codes, and associated optimization process, encoder, decoder and application) by Claude Berrou, Michel Jezequel and Catherine Douillard (Institut TELECOM; Telecom Bretagne; France Telecom & GET), France September 2001.
Distinctions
He has received several distinctions:- the SEE AmpèreAndré-Marie AmpèreAndré-Marie Ampère was a French physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him....
Medal (1997). - the Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation of IEEE Information Theory SocietyIEEE Information Theory SocietyThe IEEE Information Theory Society , formerly the IEEE Information Theory Group, is a professional society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers focused on several aspects of information: its processing, transmission, storage, and usage; and the "foundations of the...
(1998), together with Alain GlavieuxAlain GlavieuxAlain Glavieux , was a French professor in electrical engineering at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne...
and Punya ThitimajshimaPunya ThitimajshimaPunya Thitimajshima , a Thai professor in the department of telecommunications engineering at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology at Ladkrabang, is the co-inventor with Claude Berrou and Alain Glavieux of a groundbreaking coding scheme called turbo codes.Thitimajshima was educated at King...
. - the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (2003), together with Alain GlavieuxAlain GlavieuxAlain Glavieux , was a French professor in electrical engineering at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne...
. - the French Grand Prix France TélécomFrance TélécomFrance Telecom S.A. is the main telecommunications company in France, the third-largest in Europe and one of the largest in the world. It currently employs about 180,000 people and has 192.7 million customers worldwide . In 2010 the group had revenue of €45.5 billion...
of Académie des sciencesFrench Academy of SciencesThe French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research...
(2005). - the MarconiMarconi Electronic SystemsMarconi Electronic Systems , or GEC-Marconi as it was until 1998, was the defence arm of The General Electric Company . It was demerged from GEC and acquired by British Aerospace on November 30, 1999 to form BAE Systems...
Prize (2005).
He was nominated for the European Inventor of the Year Award (2006).
He was finally elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences
French Academy of Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research...
in 2007.
External links
- Claude Berrou's personal biography page, on the ENST Bretagne web site.