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Chlorosome
 
 
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A Chlorosome is a photosynthetic antenna complex
Antenna complex

The light-harvesting complex of plants is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem....
 found in green sulfur bacteria
Green sulfur bacteria

The green sulfur bacteria are a family of obligately anaerobic organism photoautotrophic bacterium. Most closely related to the nonetheless distant Bacteroidetes, they are accordingly assigned their own phylum....
 (GSB) and some green filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP) (Chloroflexaceae, Oscillochloridaceae). They differ from other antenna complexes by their large size and lack of protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 matrix supporting the photosynthetic pigments. Chlorosomes are ellipsoidal bodies, in GSB their length varies from 100 to 200 nm, width of 50-100 nm and height of 15 - 30 nm , in FAP the chlorosomes are somewhat smaller.

Inside the bacteria, GSB chlorosomes are thought to be attached to the reaction centers in the cell membrane
Cell membrane

The cell membrane is the interface between the cellular machinery inside the cell and the fluid outside.It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cell ....
 via FMO-proteins and a chlorosome baseplate composed of csmA proteins.






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Encyclopedia


A Chlorosome is a photosynthetic antenna complex
Antenna complex

The light-harvesting complex of plants is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem....
 found in green sulfur bacteria
Green sulfur bacteria

The green sulfur bacteria are a family of obligately anaerobic organism photoautotrophic bacterium. Most closely related to the nonetheless distant Bacteroidetes, they are accordingly assigned their own phylum....
 (GSB) and some green filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP) (Chloroflexaceae, Oscillochloridaceae). They differ from other antenna complexes by their large size and lack of protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 matrix supporting the photosynthetic pigments. Chlorosomes are ellipsoidal bodies, in GSB their length varies from 100 to 200 nm, width of 50-100 nm and height of 15 - 30 nm , in FAP the chlorosomes are somewhat smaller.

Inside the bacteria, GSB chlorosomes are thought to be attached to the reaction centers in the cell membrane
Cell membrane

The cell membrane is the interface between the cellular machinery inside the cell and the fluid outside.It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cell ....
 via FMO-proteins and a chlorosome baseplate composed of csmA proteins. Chlorosomes from FAP lack the FMO complex. The composition of the chlorosomes is mostly bacteriochlorophyll
Bacteriochlorophyll

Bacteriochlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacterium. They are related to chlorophylls, which are the primary pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria....
 with small amounts of carotenoids and quinones surrounded by a galactolipid
Lipid

Lipids are broadly defined as any fat-soluble , naturally-occurring molecule, such as fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins , monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others....
 monolayer with ten different proteins attached to it.

Current models of the structure of bacterichlorophyll and carotenoids (the main constituents) inside the chlorosomes put them in a lamellar organization, where the long farnesol
Farnesol

Farnesol is a natural organic compound which is an acyclic terpene alcohol found as a colorless liquid. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with oils....
 tails of the bacteriochlorophyll intermix with carotenoids and each other, forming a structure resembling a lipid multilayer .

List of bacterial species containing chlorosomes


  • Chlorobiaceae
    • Chlorobium limicola
    • Chlorobium phaeobacteroides
    • Chlorobium phaeovibrioides
    • Chlorobium vibrioforme
    • Chlorobium tepidum
    • Pelodictyon lutoleum
    • Prostecochloris aestuarii
  • Chloroflexaceae
    • Chloroflexus aurantiacus
      Chloroflexus aurantiacus

      Chloroflexus aurantiacus is a Photosynthesis bacterium isolated from hot springs, belonging to the Chloroflexi. This organism is Thermophile and can grow at temperatures from 35 ?C to 70 ?C....
    • Chloroflexus aggregans
    • Chloronema giganteum
  • Oscillochloridaceae
    • Oscillochloris trichoides
  • Acidobacteriaceae
    Acidobacteria

    Acidobacteria are a newly devised phylum of Bacterium. As implied by their name they are Acidophile and were first recognized as a novel division in 1997....
    • Chloracidobacterium thermophilum