Catalytic receptor - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

A Catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein

Integral membrane protein

An integral membrane protein is a protein molecule that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by "annular" lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein...

possessing both enzymatic

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

catalytic

Catalysis

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....

and receptor

Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a receptor is a molecule found on the surface of a cell, which receives specific chemical signals from neighbouring cells or the wider environment within an organism...

functions.

The following is a list of the five major families of catalytic receptors:

Family	Member	Catalytic activity	Endogenous Ligands	Synthetic Ligands
Erb	ErbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor Epidermal growth factor receptor The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands... )	tyrosine kinase	Epidermal growth factor Epidermal growth factor Epidermal growth factor or EGF is a growth factor that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR... , amphiregulin Amphiregulin Amphiregulin, also known as AREG, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the AREG gene.- Function:The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts... , betacellulin Betacellulin Betacellulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21. Betacellulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events... , epigen Epigen Epigen is a member of the epidermal growth factor family.... , epiregulin Epiregulin Epiregulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EREG gene.- Structure :Epiregulin consists of 46 amino acid residues. Its secondary structure contains approximately 30 percent of β-sheet in the strand. Some of the residues form loops and turns due to the hydrogen bonding... , HB-EGF Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is a member of the EGF family of proteins. It has been shown to play a role in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy and heart development and function.-Interactions:... , TGFa TGF alpha Transforming growth factor alpha is upregulated in some human cancers. It is produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes, and induces epithelial development. It is closely related to EGF, and can also bind to the EGF receptor with similar effects...	GW583340, gefitinib Gefitinib Gefitinib INN , trade name Iressa, is a drug used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly those with mutated and overactive EGFR. Gefitinib is an EGFR inhibitor, like erlotinib, which interrupts signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor in target cells... , erlotinib Erlotinib Erlotinib hydrochloride is a drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and several other types of cancer. It is a reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor . It is marketed in the United States by Genentech and OSI... , tyrphostins AG879 and AG1478
	ErbB2 HER2/neu HER-2 also known as proto-oncogene Neu, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, CD340 or p185 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Over expression of this gene is correlated with higher aggressiveness in breast cancers...	"
	ErbB3 ERBB3 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB3 gene.It is thought that ERBB3, when activated, becomes a substrate for dimerization and subsequent phosphorylation by ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB4....	"	NRG-1 Neuregulin 1 Neuregulin 1 or NRG1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NRG1 gene. NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the EGFR family of receptors. Neuregulin 1 is produced in numerous isoforms by alternative splicing, which allows it to perform a wide variety of functions... , NRG-2 NRG2 Neuregulin 2, also known as NRG2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NRG2 gene.- Function :Neuregulin 2 is a novel member of the neuregulin family of growth and differentiation factors. Through interaction with the ErbB family of receptors, NRG2 induces the growth and differentiation...	GW583340, gefitinib, erlotinib, tyrphostins AG879 and AG1478
	ErbB4	"	Betacellulin, epiregulin, HB-EGF, NRG-1, NRG-2, NRG-3, NRG-4	GW583340, gefitinib, erlotinib, tyrphostins AG879 and AG1478
GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor)	GFRa1 GFRA1 GDNF family receptor alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GFRA1 gene.-Interactions:GDNF family receptor alpha 1 has been shown to interact with Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and RET proto-oncogene.-Further reading:...	"	GDNF > neurturin Neurturin Neurturin is a ligand used to bind to GFRA2 receptors. It is related to Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.... > artemin Artemin Artemin, also known as enovin or neublastin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARTN gene.- Function :Artemin is a neurotrophin in the glial cell line-derived neurotophic factor family of ligands which are a group of ligands within the TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules...
	GFRa2 GFRA2 (gene) GDNF family receptor alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GFRA2 gene.-Interactions:GFRA2 has been shown to interact with Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.-Further reading:...	"	Neurturin > GDNF
	GFRa3 GFRA3 GDNF family receptor alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GFRA3 gene.-Further reading:...	"	Artemin
	GFRa4	"	Persephin Persephin Persephin is a neurotrophic factor in the Glial cell line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor family....
NPR (natriuretic peptide receptor)	NPR1 NPR1 Natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A , also known as NPR1, is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor...	guanylyl cyclase	Atrial natriuretic peptide Atrial natriuretic peptide Atrial natriuretic peptide , atrial natriuretic factor , atrial natriuretic hormone , or atriopeptin, is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium, potassium and fat...
	NPR2 NPR2 Natriuretic peptide receptor B/guanylate cyclase B , also known as NPR2, is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor. In humans it is encoded by the NPR2 gene.-External links:...	"	C-type natriuretic peptide
	NPR3 NPR3 Natriuretic peptide receptor C/guanylate cyclase C , also known as NPR3, is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor...	"	Atrial natriuretic peptide
	NPR4	"	Uroguanylin Uroguanylin Uroguanylin is a 16 amino acid peptide that is secreted by enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum and proximal small intestine. Guanylin acts as an agonist of the guanylyl cyclase receptor GC-C and regulates electrolyte and water transport in intestinal and renal epithelia.In humans, the...
trk neurotrophin Neurotrophin Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.They belong to a class of growth factors, secreted proteins that are capable of signaling particular cells to survive, differentiate, or grow. Growth factors such as neurotrophins that promote the... receptor	TrkA TrkA High affinity nerve growth factor receptor also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein or Trk-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK1 gene....	tyrosine kinase	Nerve growth factor Nerve growth factor Nerve growth factor is a small secreted protein that is important for the growth, maintenance, and survival of certain target neurons . It also functions as a signaling molecule. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it is one of the first to be described... > NT-3	GW441756, tyrphostin AG879
	TrkB TrkB TrkB receptor also known as TrkB tyrosine kinase or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.-Function:...	"	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as BDNF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene. BDNF is a member of the "neurotrophin" family of growth factors, which are related to the canonical "Nerve Growth Factor", NGF... , NT-4 NT-4 Neurotrophin-4 , also known as neurotrophin-5 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTF4 gene.NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor that signals predominantly through the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase.... /NT-5 > NT-3
	TrkC TrkC NT-3 growth factor receptor also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 or TrkC tyrosine kinase or Trk-C receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK3 gene....	"	NT-3
	p75 Low Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor The Low-Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor is one of the two receptor types for the neurotrophins, a family of protein growth factors that stimulate neuronal cells to survive and differentiate...	"	NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4/5
Toll-like Toll-like receptor Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes...	TLR1	"
	TLR2	"	Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria , forming the cell wall. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β- linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid...
	TLR3	"	polyIC, polyinosine-polycytosine
	TLR4	"	LPS, lipopolysaccharide derived from Gram-negative bacteria
	TLR5	"	Flagellin Flagellin Flagellin is a protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in bacterial flagellum. It has a mass of about 30,000 to 60,000 daltons...
	TLR6 TLR6 Toll-like receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR6 gene. TLR6 has also been designated as CD286 .-External links:...	"
	TLR7	"		resiquimod, imiquimod Imiquimod Imiquimod is a prescription medication that acts as an immune response modifier. It is marketed by Meda AB, Graceway Pharmaceuticals and iNova Pharmaceuticals under the trade names Aldara and Zyclara, and by Mochida as Beselna. It is also referred to as R-837.- History :The original FDA approval...
	TLR8 TLR8 Toll-like receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR8 gene. TLR8 has also been designated as CD288 .-Function:...	"
	TLR9 TLR9 Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 .- Function :...	"	CpG, DNA enriched in cytosine:guanosine pairs
	TLR10 TLR10 Toll-like receptor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR10 gene. TLR10 has also been designated as CD290 .-Further reading:-External links:...	"

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