Bilu

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Bilu

Bilu (; acronym based on a verse from the Book of Isaiah

Book of Isaiah

The Book of Isaiah is a book of the Bible traditionally attributed to the Prophet Isaiah, who lived in the second half of the 8th century BC. In the first 39 chapters, Isaiah prophesies doom for a sinful Judah and for all the nations of the world that oppose God....
(2:5) "??? ???? ??? ?????" "Beit Ya'akov Lekhu Ve-nelkha" ("House of Jacob
Jacob

According to the Hebrew Bible, Jacob , also known as Israel , was the third Biblical patriarchs and the ancestor of the twelve Israelites....
, let us go [up]") was a group of Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish idealists aspiring to settle
Israeli settlement

Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured during the 1967 Six-Day War. Such settlements currently exist in the West Bank, which is partially under Israeli military administration and partially under the control of the Palestinian National Authority, and in the Golan Heights, which are under Isr...
in the Land of Israel
Land of Israel

For other uses, see Israel The Land of Israel is the region which, according to the Hebrew Bible, was promised by God to the descendants of Abraham through his son Isaac and to the Israelites, descendants of Jacob, Abraham's grandson....
with the political purpose to redeem Eretz Yisrael and re-establish the Jewish State
Jewish state

The terms "Jewish state" and "homeland of the Jewish people" are used to describe the Zionism and the Israel and refer to its status as a nation-state for Jews....
on it.

The wave of pogroms of 1881-1884 and anti-Semitic "May Laws" of 1882 introduced by Tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
Alexander III of Russia
Alexander III of Russia

Alexander III Alexandrovich , also known as Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Tsar of Russia from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894....
prompted mass emigration of Jews from the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
.

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Bilu (; acronym based on a verse from the Book of Isaiah
Book of Isaiah

The Book of Isaiah is a book of the Bible traditionally attributed to the Prophet Isaiah, who lived in the second half of the 8th century BC. In the first 39 chapters, Isaiah prophesies doom for a sinful Judah and for all the nations of the world that oppose God....
(2:5) "??? ???? ??? ?????" "Beit Ya'akov Lekhu Ve-nelkha" ("House of Jacob
Jacob

According to the Hebrew Bible, Jacob , also known as Israel , was the third Biblical patriarchs and the ancestor of the twelve Israelites....
, let us go [up]") was a group of Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish idealists aspiring to settle
Israeli settlement

Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured during the 1967 Six-Day War. Such settlements currently exist in the West Bank, which is partially under Israeli military administration and partially under the control of the Palestinian National Authority, and in the Golan Heights, which are under Isr...
in the Land of Israel
Land of Israel

For other uses, see Israel The Land of Israel is the region which, according to the Hebrew Bible, was promised by God to the descendants of Abraham through his son Isaac and to the Israelites, descendants of Jacob, Abraham's grandson....
with the political purpose to redeem Eretz Yisrael and re-establish the Jewish State
Jewish state

The terms "Jewish state" and "homeland of the Jewish people" are used to describe the Zionism and the Israel and refer to its status as a nation-state for Jews....
on it.

The wave of pogroms of 1881-1884 and anti-Semitic "May Laws" of 1882 introduced by Tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
Alexander III of Russia
Alexander III of Russia

Alexander III Alexandrovich , also known as Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Tsar of Russia from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894....
prompted mass emigration of Jews from the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. More than 2 million Jews fled Russia between 1880 and 1920. Vast majority of them emigrated to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, but some decided to make aliyah
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
.

The first group of Biluim was founded by fourteen ex-university students from Kharkov who in July 1882 arrived in Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
, a province within the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
which in ancient times had been the site of the historical Jewish homeland. The same month, after an unsuccessful attempt to attend a Jewish farming school in Mikveh Israel
Mikveh Israel

The name Mikveh Israel may refer to:* Mikveh Israel, agricultural school and village in Israel* Congregation Mikveh Israel, Philadelphia, United States...
, they joined Hovevei Zion
Hovevei Zion

Hovevei Zion , also known as Hibbat Zion , refers to organizations that are considered the forerunners and foundations of the modern Zionist movement....
pioneers in establishing Rishon LeZion
Rishon LeZion

Rishon LeZion , is the List of cities in Israel in Israel, located along the central Israeli Coastal Plain. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area with a population of 224,300 at the end of 2007....
("First to Zion
Zion

Zion is a term that most often designates the Land of Israel and its capital, Jerusalem. The word is found in texts dating back almost three millennia....
") as an agricultural cooperative
Cooperative

A cooperative is defined by the International Co-operative Alliance Statement on the Co-operative Identity as an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled business....
on the purchased lands of the Arab village Eyun Kara. It lacked sufficient fresh water and within a few months, facing starvation, most of them left.

They turned to Baron Edmond James de Rothschild
Edmond James de Rothschild

Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild was a France member of the Rothschild family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his genorous donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years which helped lead to the establishment of the Israel....
for help, and he provided funds in order to create a wine
Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage often made of fermentation grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients....
industry in Palestine. In 1886, construction began on the Rishon Le-Zion winery and eventually it became a successful wine-exporting enterprise.

According to Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary is, in its scope and style, the Russian counterpart to the 1911 Britannica. It contains 121 240 articles, 7 800 images, and 235 maps....
(86-volume edition), the region's export of wine and cognac in 1895 alone amounted to ?
Franc

The franc is the name of several currency units, most notably the French franc, the currency of France until it adopted the euro in 1999 , and the Swiss franc, still a major world currency today due to the prominence of Switzerland Banking in Switzerland....
277,000.

With Rothshild's help, the Biluim also founded Zichron Yaakov. In 1884, eight members of the group were offered land in Gedera
Gedera

Gedera, or Gdera is a town in the Center District of Israel. It is located between the cities of Rehovot to the north, Ashdod to the west....
.

See also

List of Rishon LeZion notables
Rishon LeZion

Rishon LeZion , is the List of cities in Israel in Israel, located along the central Israeli Coastal Plain. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area with a population of 224,300 at the end of 2007....
contains Biluim, among others
Immigration to Palestine and Israel

The Bilu's aspirations were linked to those of other Zionists of the time such as Hillel and Leon Pinsker.

External links

at zionistarchives.org.il