The
Naval Component of the
Belgian Armed ForcesThe military of Belgium is the Belgian armed forces. The Belgian Armed Forces have about 47,000 active troops. They are organised into one unified structure which consists of four main components:1. Land Component, or the Army;...
, formerly the
Belgian Navy, is the
navalA navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
service of
BelgiumThe Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO...
.
The Belgian Navy was created as the
Marine Royale in 1831. This force has operated in various forms throughout Belgian history.
When after the
Belgian RevolutionThe Belgian Revolution was the conflict which led to the secession of the Southern provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium. Much of the population of the south were Catholic, French-speaking, or liberals who regarded King William...
, the country became independent in 1830, a Dutch squadron blocked the
ScheldtThe Scheldt is a 350 km long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands...
estuariumAn estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries are thus subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of...
. To deal with this threat the Belgian Congress ordered two
brigantineIn sailing, a brigantine is a vessel with two masts, only the forward of which is square rigged.Originally the brigantine was a small ship carrying both oars and sails. It was a favorite of Mediterranean pirates and its name comes from the Italian word "brigantino" which meant brigand's ship...
s to be built, which bore the names
Congrès and
Les Quatre Journées.
The
Naval Component of the
Belgian Armed ForcesThe military of Belgium is the Belgian armed forces. The Belgian Armed Forces have about 47,000 active troops. They are organised into one unified structure which consists of four main components:1. Land Component, or the Army;...
, formerly the
Belgian Navy, is the
navalA navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
service of
BelgiumThe Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO...
.
Early history
The Belgian Navy was created as the
Marine Royale in 1831. This force has operated in various forms throughout Belgian history.
When after the
Belgian RevolutionThe Belgian Revolution was the conflict which led to the secession of the Southern provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium. Much of the population of the south were Catholic, French-speaking, or liberals who regarded King William...
, the country became independent in 1830, a Dutch squadron blocked the
ScheldtThe Scheldt is a 350 km long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands...
estuariumAn estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries are thus subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of...
. To deal with this threat the Belgian Congress ordered two
brigantineIn sailing, a brigantine is a vessel with two masts, only the forward of which is square rigged.Originally the brigantine was a small ship carrying both oars and sails. It was a favorite of Mediterranean pirates and its name comes from the Italian word "brigantino" which meant brigand's ship...
s to be built, which bore the names
Congrès and
Les Quatre Journées. After the French army, led by
Marshal of FranceThe Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
Etienne GérardÉtienne Maurice Gérard, comte Gérard was a French general and statesman. He served under a succession of French governments including the ancien regime monarchy, the Revolutionary governments, the Restorations, the July Monarchy, the First and Second Republics, and the First Empire , becoming...
, captured the citadel of
Antwerp||-||-||-||}Antwerp is a city and municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Antwerp province in Flanders, one of Belgium's three regions. Antwerp's total population is 472,071 and its total area is , giving a population density of 2,308 inhabitants per km²...
in 1832, the captured Dutch gun boats were pressed into Belgian service. In 1840 the Belgian government bought the
schoonerA schooner is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts with the forward mast being shorter or the same height as the rear masts...
Louise Marie and in 1845 the
brigIn nautical terms, a brig is a vessel with two square-rigged masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable and were used as both naval war ships and merchant ships. They were especially popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries...
Duc de Brabant. In 1865, the Belgian government discarded its navy and pursued a minimalistic naval policy. This meant that at the outbreak of
World War IWorld War I , also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Wars, was a global military conflict which involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance...
, Belgium had no navy.
The War caused this policy to change and in 1917 a
Corps of Destroyers and Sailors was created. The Belgian naval personnel served onboard French mine sweepers and provided the artillerymen for Belgian merchant ships. The
Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
allocated Belgium 11 torpedo boats and 26 mine sweepers. Because of budgetary reasons, Belgium again abolished its navy. In 1939, against the looming threat of a new war with Germany, Belgium once again resurrected its navy as the
Naval Corps. This new navy lasted barely a year until the German invasion of May 1940.
During
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
many members of this naval corps, together with Belgian fishermen and merchant sailors escaped to England with the explicit wish of fighting the German occupiers. The Royal Navy took advantage of this opportunity to enlist the Belgians into separate groups of more or less entirely Belgian-manned ships. From 1940 to 1946, the Belgian Section of the British Royal Navy manned two corvettes, (
Buttercup and
Godetia), a squadron of MMS mine sweepers and three patrol boats (
Phrontis,
Electra and
Kernot). In 1946, Britain generously donated the ships (along with its crews) to Belgium to become the backbone of the new Belgian Navy.
Post-Cold War
In the beginning of the nineties, the end of the Cold War caused the Belgian government to restructure the Belgian Armed Forces in order to cope with the changed threats. This meant cutbacks and crimping the Armed Forces. With regards to the Belgian navy these cutbacks meant that one Wielingen class frigate was stricken and that three Tripartite class minehunters were sold to
FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
. In 2002, the government decided to impose a "single structure" on the armed forces in which the independent Belgian Navy ceased to exist. The former Navy became the Belgium Naval Component (
COMOPSNAV) of the Armed Forces; it is also called the
Marine.
On July 20, 2005, the Belgian government decided to buy two of the remaining six Dutch
M-classThe Karel Doorman class is a class of eight multi-purpose frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The class is also known as the "Multi-purpose" or M class....
frigates to replace the two remaining frigates of the
Wielingen classThe Wielingen class is a class of four multi-functional frigates built for the Belgian Naval Component. The ships are named after sandbanks in the North Sea, not far from the Belgian coast, or sea routes...
(Wielingen and Westdiep) currently still in service with the Belgian Navy, which in turn might be sold to
BulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a country in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north , Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south...
. On December 21, 2005, the Dutch government sold the
Karel Doorman (F827) and
Willem Van Der Zaan (F829) to Belgium. The two ships were sold for about 250 million Euros. These two M-class frigates are expected to enter service with the Belgian Navy between 2007-2008, in which they will be renamed
Leopold I and
Louise-Marie before entering service.
In October 2005, the Wielingen class frigate
Wandelaar was officially handed over to the Bulgarian Navy, who christened it as the
Drăzki ('The Bolds'). The country's government is right about to put an order for a second ship of the Wandelaar class together with a minesweeper, both second hand.
The current Commander of the Naval Component is
Divisional AdmiralDivisional Admiral or Division Admiral is a commissioned officer rank in several navies.It is a two-star flag rank, equivalent to the rank of Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy and the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.-Belgium:...
Jean-Paul Robyns.
Mission
In times of crisis and war the Belgian Navy will manage, with the support of its allies, the crises rising from the infringements to the principles of International law and/or from the Humans right and exercise the Belgian sovereignty in the maritime zones where the Navy is qualified, defend the lines maritime of communication, main roads and allied, and protect the ports against any air, surface or underwater attack.
In times of peace the Belgian Navy has the following roles:
- To ensure the presence of Belgium at sea.
- To give a support for our diplomacy and our foreign trade.
- Technical and military collaboration with the allied countries.
- Participation in humane actions.
- Contribute to the nation in the maritime zones for which Belgium is responsible:
- Contribution to oceanographical search.
- Control of fishing
- Contribution to the control of pollution at sea.
- Participation in the plan of assistance in territorial waters
- Support for the customs and police operations
- Detection of wrecks of boats.
- Participation in rescues at sea.
- Contribution to the training of the commercial naval officers
- Control of territorial waters and the exclusive economic zone.
- If necessary, opening of the centre of hyperbare medicine to the population.
- Destruction of explosive devices at sea
- Preparation with the tasks to be carried out in times of crisis and war.
- Contribution to dissuasion at sea by the means of permanent allied squadrons.
Flag Officers
There are currently five officers of
flag rankA flag officer is a commissioned officer who is senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to represent where he exercises command. The term usually refers to the senior officers in a nation's navy or coast guard, specifically those who hold the rank of commodore or any of the admiral ranks...
in the Naval Component:
- Vice Admiral
Vice Admiral is a naval rank equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. A Vice Admiral is typically senior to a Rear Admiral and junior to an Admiral. In many navies, Vice Admiral is a three star rank.-Rank Insignia:...
Pierre Warnauts, Chief of Protocol to the Court
- Vice Admiral
Vice Admiral is a naval rank equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. A Vice Admiral is typically senior to a Rear Admiral and junior to an Admiral. In many navies, Vice Admiral is a three star rank.-Rank Insignia:...
Michel Hellemans, Assistant Chief of Staff (ACOS) Intelligence and Security
- Divisional Admiral
Divisional Admiral or Division Admiral is a commissioned officer rank in several navies.It is a two-star flag rank, equivalent to the rank of Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy and the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.-Belgium:...
Marc Ectors, Director of Operations and Training at the Cabinet of the Minister of Defence
- Divisional Admiral
Divisional Admiral or Division Admiral is a commissioned officer rank in several navies.It is a two-star flag rank, equivalent to the rank of Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy and the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.-Belgium:...
Jean-Paul Robyns, Aide to the King and Commander of the Naval Component
- Flotilla Admiral
Flotilla Admiral is the lowest flag rank, a rank above Captain, in the modern navies of Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Sweden. It corresponds to the ranks of Commodore or Rear Admiral ....
Willy Temmerman, Defence attachéA military attaché is a military expert who is attached to a diplomatic mission . This post is normally filled by a high-ranking military officer....
in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790...
Frigates
Karel Doorman classThe Karel Doorman class is a class of eight multi-purpose frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The class is also known as the "Multi-purpose" or M class....
- F930 Leopold I (ex-HNLMS Karel Doorman)
- F931 Louise-Marie
The F931 Louise-Marie is a Karel Doorman class frigate of the Naval Component of the Belgian Armed Forces to be commissioned in 2008. It is the second of the two frigates of this class that were purchased from the Royal Netherlands Navy on December 22, 2005.It served in the Netherlands Royal Navy...
(ex-HNLMS Willem van der Zaan)
Mine Hunters
Tripartite classThe Tripartite class minehunter is a type of minesweeper used by the navies of Belgium, France and the Netherlands, as well as Pakistan, Indonesia, Latvia, and Bulgaria.-Description:...
- M915 Aster
thumb|right|300pxAster is a of the Belgian Naval Component, launched on December 16, 1985 at the Mercantile-Belyard shipyard in Rupelmonde and christened by Queen Paola of Belgium. The patronage of Aster was accepted by the city of Blankenberge...
- M916 Bellis
Bellis is a of the Belgian Naval Component, launched on August 13, 1986 at the Mercantile-Belyard shipyard in Rupelmonde and christened by Ellen Goffinet-Rosman, the wife of the then Mayor of Arlon, on September 18, 1986. The patronage of the Bellis was accepted by the city of Arlon. It was the...
- M917 Crocus
Crocus is a of the Belgian Naval Component, launched on September 3, 1986 at the Mercantile-Belyard shipyard in Rupelmonde and christened by Mrs. Gaethofs-Schreurs, the wife of the then Mayor of Genk, on September 18, 1986. The patronage of the Crocus was accepted by the city of Genk...
- M921 Lobelia
Lobelia is a of the Belgian Naval Component, launched on February 3, 1988 at the Mercantile-Belyard shipyard in Rupelmonde and christened by Anne Van De Kerckhof, the wife of the then Mayor of Diest, on February 25, 1989. The patronage of the Lobelia was accepted by the city of Diest. It was the...
- M923 Narcis
Narcis is a of the Belgian Naval Component, launched on March 30, 1990 at the Mercantile-Belyard shipyard in Rupelmonde and christened by Mrs. Lafosse-De Backer, the wife of the then Mayor of Mons, on March 14, 1991. The patronage of the Narcis was accepted by the city of Mons...
- M924 Primula
Primula is a of the Belgian Naval Component, launched on December 20, 1990 at the Mercantile-Belyard shipyard in Rupelmonde and christened by Mrs. Adriaensens, the wife of the then Mayor of Willebroek, on June 12, 1991. The patronage of the Primula was accepted by the city of Willebroek...
Support Vessels
- A960 Godetia, Command and Logistic support ship
- A950 Valcke, Ready Duty Ship
- A962 Belgica
Belgica was and is the name of two Belgian research vessels, with a name derived ultimately from the Latin Gallia Belgica.-The first Belgica:Built in 1884 in Svelvik, Norway, the screw steamer Patria measured 36m x 7.6m x 4.1...
, Oceanographic Research Vessel
- A963 Stern, Ready Duty Ship
- A996 Albatros, Ready Duty Ship
- A997 Spin, Harbour Launch
Patrol Boat
- P902 Liberation, a former river patrol boat built in 1954, now used during the Summer months at different locations for public relations
Auxiliary Vessels
- A958 Zenobe Gramme, Sailing Ship
- A995 Spich (2003-), Rigid Inflatable Boat
- A998 Werl (2003-), Rigid Inflatable Boat
- A983 Quatuor (2006-), Royal Yacht
- A999 Barbara, Hovercraft
Former Fleet List
The former ships were once part of the Belgian Navy since 1945:
- Wielingen class frigates
- F910 Wielingen, Wielingen class frigate
The Wielingen class is a class of four multi-functional frigates built for the Belgian Naval Component. The ships are named after sandbanks in the North Sea, not far from the Belgian coast, or sea routes...
(decommissioned Summer 2007 and sold to Bulgaria)
- F911 Westdiep, Wielingen class frigate
The Wielingen class is a class of four multi-functional frigates built for the Belgian Naval Component. The ships are named after sandbanks in the North Sea, not far from the Belgian coast, or sea routes...
(decommissioned 5 October 2007 and sold to Bulgaria)
- F912 Wandelaar, Wielingen class frigate
The Wielingen class is a class of four multi-functional frigates built for the Belgian Naval Component. The ships are named after sandbanks in the North Sea, not far from the Belgian coast, or sea routes...
(decommissioned and sold to Bulgaria 2005)
- F913 Westhinder, Wielingen class frigate
The Wielingen class is a class of four multi-functional frigates built for the Belgian Naval Component. The ships are named after sandbanks in the North Sea, not far from the Belgian coast, or sea routes...
(decommissioned 1993, scrapped)
- Tripartite minehunter
- M918 Dianthus, Tripartite minehunter (sold to France 1993)
- M919 Fuchsia, Tripartite minehunter (sold to France 1993)
- M920 Iris, Tripartite minehunter (sold to France 1993)
- M922 Myosotis, Tripartite minehunter (sold to Bulgaria 2007)
- Algerine class minesweeper
The Algerine class was a class of minesweepers of the Royal Navy and the Commonwealth. 110 ships of the class were launched between 1942 and 1944 and served in World War II....
- M900 Adrien de Gerlache (ex HMS Liberty, acquired 1949 - decommissioned 1969)
- M901 Georges Lecointe (i) (ex HMS Cadmus, acquired 1950 - decommissioned 1959)
- M901 Georges Lecointe (ii) (ex HMCS Wallaceburg, acquired 1959 - decommissioned 1969)
- M902 Van Haverbeke (i) (ex HMS Ready - acquired 1951 - decommissioned 1960)
- M903 Dufour (i) (ex HMS Fancy - acquired 1951 - decommissioned 1959)
- M903 Dufour (ii) (ex HMCS Winnipeg - acquired 1959 - decommissioned 1966)
- M904 De Brouwer (i) (ex HMS Spanker - acquired 1953 - decommissioned 1966)
- M905 De Moor (ex HMS Rosario - acquired 1953 - decommissioned 1966)
- MSO class minesweeper (Aggressive class
The Aggressive class minesweepers are a class of US-built minesweepers. They are designated as MSO , distinguishing them from the smaller coastal MSCs and inshore MSIs...
)
- M902 Van Haverbeke (ii) (ex USN MSO522 - acquired 1960 - decommissioned)
- M903 Dufour (ex USN AM498 - ex USN MSO522 - ex Norwegian Navy M951 Lagen - acquired 1966 - decommissioned 1985)
- M904 Debrouwer (ex USN AM499 - ex USN MSO499 - ex Norwegian Navy M952 Namsen - acquired 1966 - decommissioned 1993)
- M906 Breydel (ex USN AM504, ex USN MSO504, acquired 1956 - decommissioned 1993)
- M907 Artevelde (ex USN AM503, ex USN MSO503, acquired 1955 - decommissioned 1985)
- M908 Truffaut (ex USN AM515, ex USN MSO515, acquired 1956 - decommissioned 1993)
- M909 Bovesse (ex USN AM516, ex USN MSO516, acquired 1957 - decommissioned 1993)
- Pico (ex USN AM497 - ex USN MSO497 - ex Portuguse Navy M418 Pico - acquired 1974 for spares, subsequently stripped and abandoned, never commissioned)
- MSC class coastal minesweeper (akin to US Navy Minesweeper Coastal
USS Warbler was a of the United States Navy, that saw service during the Vietnam War, and was later sold to the Republic of Fiji where she served as HMFS Kiro ....
)
- M910 Diest (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M911 Eeklo (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M912 Lier (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M913 Maaseik (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M914 Roeselare (sold to Norway 1966)
- M915 Arlon (sold to Norway 1966)
- M916 Bastogne (sold to Norway 1966)
- M917 Charleroi (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M918 Sint-Niklaas (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M919 Sint-Truiden (sold to Greece 1969)
- M920 Diksmuide (sold to Taiwan 1969)
- M921 Herve (sold to Greece 1969)
- M922 Malmedy (sold to Greece 1969)
- M923 Blankenberge (sold to Greece 1969)
- M924 Laroche (sold to Greece 1969)
- M926 Mechelen (converted to research ship - decommissioned)
- M927 Spa (converted to munition transport and renumbered A963 - decommissioned)
- M928 Stavelot (decommissioned 1987)
- M929 Heist (decommissioned 1992)
- M930 Rochefort (decommissioned 1992)
- M931 Knokke (decommissioned 1976)
- M932 Nieuwpoort (decommissioned 1991)
- M933 Koksijde (decommissioned 1991)
- M934 Verviers (ex USN MSC259 - converted to minehunter 1972 - decommissioned 1988)
- M935 Veurne (ex USN MSC260 - converted to minehunter 1972 - decommissioned 1987)
- MSI class inshore minesweepers (similar to the British Ham or Ley class)
- M470 Temse (sold to South Korea 1970)
- M471 Hasselt (transferred to Belgian Sea Cadet Corps in 1993)
- M472 Kortrijk (decommissioned 1989)
- M473 Lokeren (decommissioned 1987)
- M474 Turnhout (decommissioned 1991)
- M475 Tongeren (decommissioned 1991)
- M476 Merksem (decommissioned 1992)
- M477 Oudenaarde (decommissioned 1989)
- M478 Herstal (decommissioned 1991)
- M479 Huy (decommissioned 1990)
- M480 Seraing (decommissioned 1990)
- M481 Tournai (sold to South Korea 1970)
- M482 Visé (decommissioned 1991)
- M483 Ougrée (decommissioned 1992; she is in civilian ownership on the River Medway
The River Medway, which is almost entirely in Kent, England, flows for from just inside the West Sussex border to the point where it enters the Thames Estuary....
in ChathamChatham is a large area within Medway, Kent, in South East England.Although the dockyard has long been closed and is now being redeveloped, into a business and residential community, its major buildings remain; so that, in addition to that more modern usage, the historical importance of the...
, KentKent , originally Cantia, is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the River Thames estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent...
, EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
(2007))
- M484 Dinant (decommissioned 1992)
- M485 Andenne (decommissioned 1991)
- Motorminesweeper 105 class
- M940 (decommissioned 1954)
- M941 (decommissioned 1954)
- M942 (decommissioned 1954)
- M943 (decommissioned 1954)
- M944 (decommissioned 1954)
- M945 (decommissioned 1954)
- M946 (decommissioned 1954)
- M947 (decommissioned 1954)
- Patrol boats
- P900 Ijzer
- P901 Leie
- P903 Meuse
- P904 Sambre
- P905 Schelde
- P906 Semois
- P907 Rupel
- P908 Ourthe
- Auxiliary ships
- A907 Kamina (decommissioned 1967)
- A951 Hommel
- A952 Wesp (decommissioned 1984)
- A952 Bij
- A954 Zeemeeuw
- A955 Eupen (decommissioned 1966)
- A956 Krekel (decommissioned 1986)
- A959 Mier (decommissioned 1984)
- A961 Zinnia
- A963 Spa (decommissioned 1993)
- A998 Ekster
- Inland waterways barges
- FN1 (abandoned in Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and the dawn of Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.-Background: 1884-1908:Until the later...
1960)
- FN2 (abandoned in Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and the dawn of Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.-Background: 1884-1908:Until the later...
1960)
- FN3 (abandoned in Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and the dawn of Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.-Background: 1884-1908:Until the later...
1960)
- FN4 (decommissioned 1982)
- FN5 (decommissioned 1982)
- FN6 (decommissioned 1982)
External links