Bamboo mosaic virus
Encyclopedia
Bamboo mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus
and the family Flexiviridae
. BaMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 490 nm in length and 15 nm in width. The virus has been fully sequenced and it is 6366 nucleotides long.
Like other members of the Potexvirus
genus, BaMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid
made for a single viral encoded protein. No insect vector is known. However, it is easily mechanically transmitted on contaminated tools used for propagation or harvesting.
. In 1991 it was reported in two other bamboo species ( B. oldhammi and Dendrocalamus latiflorus) in Taiwan
. Bamboo plants infected with this virus have been found in other Pacific Islands like Hawaii and the Philippines. It has also been found in bamboo plants in Australia.
It was reported in the United States (San Diego Zoo, California) in 1995 but had been tentatively diagnosed in a sample of Bambusa in Florida as early as 1988. Bamboo enthusiasts in Florida had observed virus-like symptoms in their collections for many years before that .
. It is known to infect at least 12 different species in 7 different genera . In host range studies it has been shown to cause local lesions on Chenopodium amaraticolor and Gomphrena globosa and a systemic infection in barley
(Hordeum vulgare), another member of the grass family, Poaceae
or Gramineae .
Symptoms in bamboo include chlorotic mottling/mosaic patterns on the leaves which run parallel with the veins (Typical symptoms on leaves), necrotic streaking on the shoots and stem abortion. However not all susceptible plants show recognizable symptoms.
Potexvirus
Potexvirus is a genus of plant pathogenic viruses, belonging to the family Alphaflexiviridae and the order Tymovirales. Transmission occurs mechanically, with viruses in this genus causing mosaic and ringspot symptoms....
and the family Flexiviridae
Flexiviridae
The Flexiviridae were a new family of viruses in the 2004 classification of viruses, but have since the 2009 classification been split into the three new families Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae and Gammaflexiviridae...
. BaMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 490 nm in length and 15 nm in width. The virus has been fully sequenced and it is 6366 nucleotides long.
Like other members of the Potexvirus
Potexvirus
Potexvirus is a genus of plant pathogenic viruses, belonging to the family Alphaflexiviridae and the order Tymovirales. Transmission occurs mechanically, with viruses in this genus causing mosaic and ringspot symptoms....
genus, BaMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid
Capsid
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The capsid encloses the genetic...
made for a single viral encoded protein. No insect vector is known. However, it is easily mechanically transmitted on contaminated tools used for propagation or harvesting.
Distribution
It was first isolated in 1974 from two species of bamboo ( Bambusa multiples and B. vulgaris) in BrazilBrazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. In 1991 it was reported in two other bamboo species ( B. oldhammi and Dendrocalamus latiflorus) in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
. Bamboo plants infected with this virus have been found in other Pacific Islands like Hawaii and the Philippines. It has also been found in bamboo plants in Australia.
It was reported in the United States (San Diego Zoo, California) in 1995 but had been tentatively diagnosed in a sample of Bambusa in Florida as early as 1988. Bamboo enthusiasts in Florida had observed virus-like symptoms in their collections for many years before that .
Symptoms and Host Range
The natural host of this virus is bambooBamboo
Bamboo is a group of perennial evergreens in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family....
. It is known to infect at least 12 different species in 7 different genera . In host range studies it has been shown to cause local lesions on Chenopodium amaraticolor and Gomphrena globosa and a systemic infection in barley
Barley
Barley is a major cereal grain, a member of the grass family. It serves as a major animal fodder, as a base malt for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods...
(Hordeum vulgare), another member of the grass family, Poaceae
Poaceae
The Poaceae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called grasses, although the term "grass" is also applied to plants that are not in the Poaceae lineage, including the rushes and sedges...
or Gramineae .
Symptoms in bamboo include chlorotic mottling/mosaic patterns on the leaves which run parallel with the veins (Typical symptoms on leaves), necrotic streaking on the shoots and stem abortion. However not all susceptible plants show recognizable symptoms.
See also
- Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory elementBamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory elementThe Bamboo mosaic potexvirus cis-regulatory element represents a cloverleaf-like cis-regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the bamboo mosaic virus. This family is thought to play an important role in the initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis and may also be involved in the regulation of...
- Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory elementBamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory elementThe bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of the genome of the bamboo mosaic virus. This element is thought to be essential for efficient RNA replication.-See also:...