Artemivsk
Encyclopedia
Artemivsk or Artemovsk is a city in the Donetsk Oblast
, Ukraine
. It is the administrative center of the Artemivsky Raion. It is located on the Bahmutka River about 89 km away from the administrative center of the Donetsk Oblast, Donetsk
. As of 2005, its population is 80,655.
In 1701, Peter I ordered to build a fort and rename the town from Bahmut to Bakhmut. The fort was completed in 1703.
In the autumn of 1705, a detachment of Cossacks headed by Ataman Kondrat Bulavin captured the Bakhmut salt mines, which later caused the town to be one of the centers of the Bulavin Rebellion
, and held the city until March 7, 1708 when it was seized by government troops. From 1708 to April 22, 1725, Bakhmut is situated in the Azov province, and becomes the administrative center on May 29, 1719. From 1753 to 1764, it was a main city of the Slavo-Serbia
territory created by Imperial Russia on Ukrainian land and inhabited by colonists from Serbia
and elsewhere.
In 1783, Bakhmut received city status within the Ekaterinoslav
province. During this time, in the city, there were 49 houses. There were 5 brick, candle, and soap plants. The city had about 150 shops, a hospital, and 3 schools: 2 private boarding schools for children of wealthy parents, and a Sunday school for children of workers. Bakhmut had a large shopping center. Twice a year, on July 12 (Day of the Apostles Peter and Paul) and September 21 (Day of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary), big fairs were conducted. The city's annual turnover was about 1 million rubles. On August 2, 1811, the city emblem was approved. In 1875, a water-system was installed.
On January 25, 1851, the city became a municipality, with Vasily I. Pershin as mayor.
In 1876, within the Bakhmut Basin were discovered large deposits of rock salt, which was followed by a rapid increase in the numbers of mines, with salt productions reaching 12% nationwide. After the construction of the Kharkov-Bakhmut-Popasnaya railroad, there was enterprise for the production of alabaster, plaster, brick, tile, and soda. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the city developed metal-working. By 1900, the city had 76 small industrial enterprises, which employed 1,078 workers, as well as 4 salt mines, which employed 874 workers. In 1900, the streets became paved.
By 1913, the population consisted of 28,000 people. There were two hospitals with 210 beds, four secondary and two vocational schools, six single-class schools, four parish schools, and a private library. On December 27, 1919, Soviet power is established within the city. In 1923, there were 36 enterprises, including a plant "Victory of Labor" (a former nail-spike plant), a plant "Lightning" that produced castings for agriculture, as well as brick, tile, and alabaster factories; mines "Karl Liebknecht and Sverdlov", "Shevchenko", and "Bakhmut salt"; and a shoe factory. From April 16, 1920 to August 1, 1925, Bakhmut is the administrative center of the Donetsk province.
In 1924 the city's name was changed from Bakhmut to Artemivsk, in honour of Artem
, a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary figure who lived and worked in the city in the early years of the revolution.
In 1938, Moskalenko is the First Secretary of the Municipal Committee of the CPU. In 1941, Vasily Panteleevich Prokopenko is First Secretary of the City Committee of the Communist Party. From October 31, 1941 to May 9, 1943, German troops occupy Artemivsk under the command of Von Zobel. Under occupation in 1941, Nikolai Mikhailovich Zhorov is Secretary of the underground City Party Committee. In 1961, Kuzma Petrovich Golovko is First Secretary of City Party Committee, followed by Ivan Malyukin in 1966, Nicholas S. Tagan in 1976, and Yuri K. Smirnov from 1980 to 1983. From April 1990 to 1994, Alexey Reva was Chairman of City Council and was elected mayor in 1994.
is located in the suburb of Soledar
, which contains the world's largest underground room. It is large enough that a hot air balloon
has been floated inside, symphonies have been played before, and two professional
soccer matches have been held at the same time. It is large enough to fit Notre Dame
inside with room to spare.
-Rostov
and Donetsk
-Kiev
run through Artemivsk. The towns of Chasiv Yar
and Soledar
are included in the Artemivsk municipality. The city has a public transport
system consisting of a network of trolleybuses and buses.
Donetsk Oblast
Donetsk Oblast is an oblast of eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Donetsk. Historically, the province is an important part of the Donbas region...
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. It is the administrative center of the Artemivsky Raion. It is located on the Bahmutka River about 89 km away from the administrative center of the Donetsk Oblast, Donetsk
Donetsk
Donetsk , is a large city in eastern Ukraine on the Kalmius river. Administratively, it is a center of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the economic and cultural Donets Basin region...
. As of 2005, its population is 80,655.
History
There is evidence of prior settlement from 1556. However, the city was officially founded in 1571 and named after the river on which it is situated. The settlement initially began as a border point and was later turned into a fortification.In 1701, Peter I ordered to build a fort and rename the town from Bahmut to Bakhmut. The fort was completed in 1703.
In the autumn of 1705, a detachment of Cossacks headed by Ataman Kondrat Bulavin captured the Bakhmut salt mines, which later caused the town to be one of the centers of the Bulavin Rebellion
Bulavin Rebellion
The Bulavin Rebellion ' is the name given to a violent civil uprising in Imperial Russia between the years 1707 and 1708. It takes its name from the Don Cossack Kondraty Bulavin who rose to its forefront as a sort of figurehead...
, and held the city until March 7, 1708 when it was seized by government troops. From 1708 to April 22, 1725, Bakhmut is situated in the Azov province, and becomes the administrative center on May 29, 1719. From 1753 to 1764, it was a main city of the Slavo-Serbia
Slavo-Serbia
Slavo-Serbia was a territory of Imperial Russia between 1753 and 1764. It was located by the right bank of the Donets River between the Bakhmut and Lugan rivers...
territory created by Imperial Russia on Ukrainian land and inhabited by colonists from Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
and elsewhere.
In 1783, Bakhmut received city status within the Ekaterinoslav
Dnipropetrovsk
Dnipropetrovsk or Dnepropetrovsk formerly Yekaterinoslav is Ukraine's third largest city with one million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country...
province. During this time, in the city, there were 49 houses. There were 5 brick, candle, and soap plants. The city had about 150 shops, a hospital, and 3 schools: 2 private boarding schools for children of wealthy parents, and a Sunday school for children of workers. Bakhmut had a large shopping center. Twice a year, on July 12 (Day of the Apostles Peter and Paul) and September 21 (Day of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary), big fairs were conducted. The city's annual turnover was about 1 million rubles. On August 2, 1811, the city emblem was approved. In 1875, a water-system was installed.
On January 25, 1851, the city became a municipality, with Vasily I. Pershin as mayor.
In 1876, within the Bakhmut Basin were discovered large deposits of rock salt, which was followed by a rapid increase in the numbers of mines, with salt productions reaching 12% nationwide. After the construction of the Kharkov-Bakhmut-Popasnaya railroad, there was enterprise for the production of alabaster, plaster, brick, tile, and soda. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the city developed metal-working. By 1900, the city had 76 small industrial enterprises, which employed 1,078 workers, as well as 4 salt mines, which employed 874 workers. In 1900, the streets became paved.
By 1913, the population consisted of 28,000 people. There were two hospitals with 210 beds, four secondary and two vocational schools, six single-class schools, four parish schools, and a private library. On December 27, 1919, Soviet power is established within the city. In 1923, there were 36 enterprises, including a plant "Victory of Labor" (a former nail-spike plant), a plant "Lightning" that produced castings for agriculture, as well as brick, tile, and alabaster factories; mines "Karl Liebknecht and Sverdlov", "Shevchenko", and "Bakhmut salt"; and a shoe factory. From April 16, 1920 to August 1, 1925, Bakhmut is the administrative center of the Donetsk province.
In 1924 the city's name was changed from Bakhmut to Artemivsk, in honour of Artem
Fyodor Sergeyev
Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev , better known as Comrade Artyom , was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Stalin...
, a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary figure who lived and worked in the city in the early years of the revolution.
In 1938, Moskalenko is the First Secretary of the Municipal Committee of the CPU. In 1941, Vasily Panteleevich Prokopenko is First Secretary of the City Committee of the Communist Party. From October 31, 1941 to May 9, 1943, German troops occupy Artemivsk under the command of Von Zobel. Under occupation in 1941, Nikolai Mikhailovich Zhorov is Secretary of the underground City Party Committee. In 1961, Kuzma Petrovich Golovko is First Secretary of City Party Committee, followed by Ivan Malyukin in 1966, Nicholas S. Tagan in 1976, and Yuri K. Smirnov from 1980 to 1983. From April 1990 to 1994, Alexey Reva was Chairman of City Council and was elected mayor in 1994.
Economy
Since 1951, the European Artyomovsk Winery is located in the city. The Artyomsol salt mineSalt mine
A salt mine is a mining operation involved in the extraction of rock salt or halite from evaporite deposits.-Occurrence:Areas known for their salt mines include Kilroot near Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland ; Khewra and Warcha in Pakistan; Tuzla in Bosnia; Wieliczka and Bochnia in Poland A salt mine...
is located in the suburb of Soledar
Soledar
Soledar is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Population is 13,151 . The name of the town stands for 'gift of salt' both in Russian and Ukrainian. In Soviet times, until 1991, the city was known as Karlo-Libknekhtivsk...
, which contains the world's largest underground room. It is large enough that a hot air balloon
Hot air balloon
The hot air balloon is the oldest successful human-carrying flight technology. It is in a class of aircraft known as balloon aircraft. On November 21, 1783, in Paris, France, the first untethered manned flight was made by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes in a hot air...
has been floated inside, symphonies have been played before, and two professional
Professional
A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialised set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, lawyers, clergymen, and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to estate agents, surveyors , environmental scientists,...
soccer matches have been held at the same time. It is large enough to fit Notre Dame
Notre Dame de Paris
Notre Dame de Paris , also known as Notre Dame Cathedral, is a Gothic, Roman Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. It is the cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese of Paris: that is, it is the church that contains the cathedra of...
inside with room to spare.
Transport
The highways of KharkivKharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
-Rostov
Rostov
Rostov is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population:...
and Donetsk
Donetsk
Donetsk , is a large city in eastern Ukraine on the Kalmius river. Administratively, it is a center of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the economic and cultural Donets Basin region...
-Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
run through Artemivsk. The towns of Chasiv Yar
Chasiv Yar
Chasiv Yar is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Population is 16,612 .Joseph Kobzon is an iconic Soviet crooner who has been acclaimed as "the official voice of the Soviet Union". He was born on September 11, 1937 to Jewish parents in the mining town of Chasiv Yar....
and Soledar
Soledar
Soledar is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Population is 13,151 . The name of the town stands for 'gift of salt' both in Russian and Ukrainian. In Soviet times, until 1991, the city was known as Karlo-Libknekhtivsk...
are included in the Artemivsk municipality. The city has a public transport
Public transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...
system consisting of a network of trolleybuses and buses.
Education
There are 20 schools (11,600 students), 29 kindergartens (3500 children), 4 vocational schools (2,000 students), 2 technical schools (6,000 students), and several music schools. Some include:- Artemovsk Industrial College (Tchaikovsky Street)
- Donetsk Musical College named John Karabits (Lermontov Street)
- Donetsk Pedagogical School (St. Annunciation)
- Donetsk Medical School (St. W. Nosakova)
- Artemovsk professional school (St. Defence)
Culture
- Artemovsk City Center Children and Youth (Artema Street)
- Artemovsk city center of culture and recreation (Svoboda)
- Artemovsk City Folk House (Victory Street)
- Building Technology "Donetskgeologiya" (St. Sibirtzev)
- Palace of Culture "mechanician" (Artema Street)