Antidiuretic
Encyclopedia
An antidiuretic is an agent
or drug
that, administered to an organism
, helps control body water balance by reducing urination
, opposing diuresis
.
(DI) which is their primary indication.
Biological agent
A biological agent — also called bio-agent or biological threat agent — is a bacterium, virus, prion, or fungus which may cause infection, allergy, toxicity or otherwise create a hazard to human health. They can be used as a biological weapon in bioterrorism or biological warfare...
or drug
Drug
A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage.In pharmacology, a...
that, administered to an organism
Organism
In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homoeostasis as a stable whole.An organism may either be unicellular or, as in the case of humans, comprise...
, helps control body water balance by reducing urination
Urination
Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, peeing, weeing, pissing, and more rarely, emiction, is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. In healthy humans the process of urination is under voluntary control...
, opposing diuresis
Diuretic
A diuretic provides a means of forced diuresis which elevates the rate of urination. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way.- Medical uses :...
.
Uses
Antidiuretics are the drugs that reduce urine volume, particularly in diabetes insipidusDiabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the concentration of the urine. There are several different types of DI, each with a different cause...
(DI) which is their primary indication.
Examples
These are classified as:- Antidiuretic hormones: ADH/VasopressinVasopressinArginine vasopressin , also known as vasopressin, argipressin or antidiuretic hormone , is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals, including humans. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that controls the reabsorption of molecules in the tubules of the kidneys by affecting the tissue's...
, DesmopressinDesmopressinDesmopressin is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. It may be taken nasally, intravenously, or as a tablet...
, Lypressin, TerlipressinTerlipressinTerlipressin is an analogue of vasopressin used as a vasoactive drug in the management of hypotension. It has been found to be effective when norepinephrine does not help.Indications for use include norepinephrine-resistant septic shock and hepatorenal syndrome... - Miscellaneous: ChlorpropamideChlorpropamideChlorpropamide is a drug in the sulphonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a long-acting sulphonylurea. It has more side effects than other sulphonylureas and its use is no longer recommended.-Mechanism of action:...
, CarbamazepineCarbamazepineCarbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia...