Anglo-French War (1202–1214)
Encyclopedia
The Anglo-French War was a war between the Kingdom of France
and the Kingdom of England
. The war was mainly fought in Normandy
, where John of England
fought King Philip II of France
for domination. The end of the war came at the decisive Battle of Bouvines
, where Philip defeated England and its allies.
The English territory in Normandy
was one of the hot spots of wars between France and England. In the past, Richard I of England
fought Philip II of France
here. When his successor, John of England
, rose to the throne, he fought to expand his empire. First, he launched his campaign in Normandy to rival Philip in control of all the lands. He lost so much territory, leading up to the major battle at Château Gaillard
from 1203 to 1204.
The English army retreated to the castle, holding their position. Though all of their relief attempts failed, they held out for years. Soon, Philip ordered his men to climb up garderobes, or toilet chutes. The sneak attacks resulted in the fall of the castle.
In 1214, when Pope Innocent III
assembled an alliance of states against France, John registered in. The allies met Philip near Bouvines. The Battle of Bouvines
saw Philip win with the smaller amount of troops due to using couched lances. The victory for France ended in the conquest of Flanders and the defeat of any attempt from John to regain his lost territories.
Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France was one of the most powerful states to exist in Europe during the second millennium.It originated from the Western portion of the Frankish empire, and consolidated significant power and influence over the next thousand years. Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, developed a...
and the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
. The war was mainly fought in Normandy
Normandy
Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
, where John of England
John of England
John , also known as John Lackland , was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death...
fought King Philip II of France
Philip II of France
Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne...
for domination. The end of the war came at the decisive Battle of Bouvines
Battle of Bouvines
The Battle of Bouvines, 27 July 1214, was a conclusive medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was important to the early development of both the French state by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.Philip Augustus of...
, where Philip defeated England and its allies.
The English territory in Normandy
Normandy
Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
was one of the hot spots of wars between France and England. In the past, Richard I of England
Richard I of England
Richard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period...
fought Philip II of France
Philip II of France
Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne...
here. When his successor, John of England
John of England
John , also known as John Lackland , was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death...
, rose to the throne, he fought to expand his empire. First, he launched his campaign in Normandy to rival Philip in control of all the lands. He lost so much territory, leading up to the major battle at Château Gaillard
Siege of Château Gaillard
The Siege of Château Gaillard was a part of Philip II's Campaign to conquer the king of England's continental properties. The French king besieged Château Gaillard, a Norman fortress, for six months. The Anglo-Normans were beaten in the battle and the consequence was the fall of...
from 1203 to 1204.
The English army retreated to the castle, holding their position. Though all of their relief attempts failed, they held out for years. Soon, Philip ordered his men to climb up garderobes, or toilet chutes. The sneak attacks resulted in the fall of the castle.
In 1214, when Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....
assembled an alliance of states against France, John registered in. The allies met Philip near Bouvines. The Battle of Bouvines
Battle of Bouvines
The Battle of Bouvines, 27 July 1214, was a conclusive medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was important to the early development of both the French state by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.Philip Augustus of...
saw Philip win with the smaller amount of troops due to using couched lances. The victory for France ended in the conquest of Flanders and the defeat of any attempt from John to regain his lost territories.