1971 Tour de France
Encyclopedia
The 1971 Tour de France was the 58th Tour de France
Tour de France
The Tour de France is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The...

, taking place June 26 to July 18, 1971. It consisted of 22 stages over 3689 km (2,292 mi), ridden at an average speed of 36.925 km/h (23 mph).

The race was won by Eddy Merckx
Eddy Merckx
Edouard Louis Joseph, Baron Merckx , better known as Eddy Merckx, is a Belgian former professional cyclist. The French magazine Vélo called him "the most accomplished rider that cycling has ever known." The American publication, VeloNews, called him the greatest and most successful cyclist of all...

, his third consecutive victory. It was no easy win; after the 13th stage, Merckx was more than eight minutes behind Luis Ocaña
Luis Ocaña
Jesús Luis Ocaña Pernía was a Spanish road bicycle racer who won the Tour de France in 1973 and the Vuelta a España in 1970.- Early professional career :...

 in the general classification. In the 14th stage, Ocaña crashed in the descent of the Col de Menté
Col de Menté
The Col de Menté is a mountain pass in the central Pyrenees in the department of Haute-Garonne in France. It is situated on the D44 road between Saint-Béat and the D618...

 and had to leave the race, what is named the most famous fall in Tour de France history.

Differences from the 1970 Tour de France

1971 saw the introduction of bonification seconds for sprints in the intermediate sprints classification
Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France
The red jersey was awarded to the leader of the intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France. The competition was first calculated in 1971, but the jersey was only awarded from 1984...

, which was won by Belgian Pieter Nassen.

The 1970 Tour had five split stages, and cyclists had complained about it. Nevertheless, the 1971 Tour again used split stages; one reason was that the UCI
UCI
UCI usually refers to the Union Cycliste Internationale, the world governing body for the sport of cycling.UCI may also refer to:* United Cinemas International* United Kennel Clubs International...

 rules did not allow long stages to prevent the use of doping, another reason was that split stages generated more income.

The 1971 Tour had two rest days, and during the first rest day, the cyclists were transferred by airplane, the first time this happened during the Tour.

Participants

The Tour started with the following 13 teams, each with 10 cyclists:
  • Molteni
  • Mars-Flandria
  • Ferretti
  • Sonolor-Lejeune
  • Fagor-Mercier
  • Salvarani
  • Kas
  • Peugeot
  • Hoover-De Gribaldy
  • Bic
  • Scic
  • Goudsmit
  • Werner

  • Eddy Merckx, who had won the 1969 and 1970 Tours, was the big favourite. Pre-race predictions were certain that if he would not become ill or crash, Merckx would be the winner, and were speculating whether he would be able to lead the race from start to end.

    With fewer flat stages, fewer time trials and more mountain stages, it was thought that climbers would have an advantage.

    Race details

    The race started with a team time trial as prologue, won by Merckx' team, which gave them a 20 seconds bonification for the general classification. After the first part of the first stage, Merckx' team mate Wagtmans briefly took over the leading position in the general classification, only to lose it to Merckx in the second part.

    In the second stage, Zoetemelk attacked early in the stage. Some cyclists, including Merckx, followed him, and soon a group of 15 cyclists was away. At the end, the margin to the rest of the field was almost 10 minutes. Merckx beat Roger de Vlaeminck in the sprint, and everybody not in the first group was no longer a threat for Merckx.

    In the seventh stage, the leader in the points classification, Roger de Vlaeminck
    Roger De Vlaeminck
    Roger De Vlaeminck is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist. He was described by Rik Van Looy as '"The most talented and the only real classics rider of his generation"...

    , crashed and had to leave the race. Merckx was expecting a dangerous sprint so he chose not to participate. While Merckx took part in intermediate sprints and final sprints, Ocana had been saving his energy on the advice of Jacques Anquetil
    Jacques Anquetil
    Jacques Anquetil was a French road racing cyclist and the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times, in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964...

    , and waited for the mountains to come.

    The eight stage saw the first attack by Ocana. Merckx was not able to chase him, and Ocana got away. Zoetemelk and Agostinho also got away from Merckx, and gained some time on him. After that stage, Merckx was still leading, but only 36 seconds before Zoetemelk and 37 seconds before Ocana.
    In the end of the tenth stage, Merckx lost contact after a flat tire, and lost time on Zoetemelk and Ocana. Zoetemelk took over the lead, one second ahead of Ocana.
    In the eleventh stage, Ocana attacked. At first, Zoetemelk, Van Impe and Agostinho were able to stay with him, but Ocana left them and soloed to the victory, more than six minutes ahead of Van Impe. Merckx and Zoetemelk finished in third and fourth place, almost nine minutes behind. Ocana had set such a pace, that 61 cyclists finished outside the original time limit, leaving only 39 in the race. The time limit was consequently extended such that 58 more were allowed to start the next day. Ocana seemed so strong, that Merckx abandoned the idea to win his third Tour.

    In the twelfth stage, Merckx organised an attack, and won back two minutes. This could have been more, had it not been for a mistake of an assistant team leader of Molteni, Merckx' team: when Bruyere had a flat tire in the chasing peloton, the assistant team leader called for the remaining members of Merckx' team to help Bruyere to get back to the peloton. The rival teams in the peloton were now without Molteni cyclists, and could organise the chase. The group with Bruyere was unable to get back into the peloton. Because of the high pace of Merckx in the first group, the group with Bruyere almost did not make the time cut, in which case they would have been eliminated. The average velocity of the winner was a new record, and the cyclists arrived one hour ahead of the earliest time schedule, and the preparations at the finish line had not been completed yet. The mayor of Marseille, where the stage ended, was so upset that he refused to let the race visit Marseille again.

    In the thirteenth stage, a time trial, Merckx was the strongest and won back more seconds.

    In the fourteenth stage, there was heavy rain. On the way up to the Col de Mente, Merckx attacked several times, but each time Ocana was coming back. During the descent, Ocana fell. Zoetemelk punctured and was unable to avoid him, and hit him at high speed. Ocana was hit, injured his shoulder and had to give up.

    Merckx became the new leader, but out of respect for Ocana, he refused to go to the ceremony at the end of the stage, and refused wear the yellow jersey the next stage. Merckx considered to leave the race, because he did not want to win because of Ocana's bad luck. Tour directors Levitan and Goddet convinced him to continue the race. The fifteenth stage was the shortest mass-start stage in the history in the Tour, at only 19.6 kilometres (12.2 mi).

    The decision was expected to fall in the first part of the sixteenth stage, when four mountains were scheduled. Van Impe, in second place, was expected to challenge the leader Merckx, and third-placed Zoetemelk could profit from their struggle. But although Van Impe tried to attack, Merckx was able to stay with him, and the three cyclists stayed together.

    In the seventeenth stage, Merckx surprised Van Impe and Zoetemelk with attack, won the stage and increased his margin with more than two minutes. By winning the stage, Merckx solified his lead in the points classification
    Points classification in the Tour de France
    The points classification in the Tour de France is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1953. Points are given for high finishes in a stage and for winning intermediate sprints, and these are recorded in a points classification. It is considered a sprinters' competition...

    .

    The time trial that closed the race was an easy win for Merckx. The battle for the second place was won by Zoetemelk.

    Stages

    The 1971 Tour de France started on 26 June, and had two rest days, in Le Touquet and Orcières.
    Stage results
    Stage Date Route Terrain Length Winner
    P 26 June Mulhouse
    Mulhouse
    Mulhouse |mill]] hamlet) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. With a population of 110,514 and 278,206 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2006, it is the largest city in the Haut-Rhin département, and the second largest in the Alsace region after...

     
    Team time trial
    Team time trial
    A team time trial is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock .Teams start at equal intervals, usually two, three or four minutes apart...

     
    11 km (6.8 mi) Molteni
    Molteni
    Molteni was an Italian professional road bicycle racing team from 1958 until the end of 1976. It won 663 races, many of them earned by its most famous rider, Eddy Merckx. Other riders included Gianni Motta and Marino Basso, who contributed 48 and 34 wins respectively...

    1a 27 June Mulhouse – Basel
    Basel
    Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    59.5 km (37 mi)
    1b Basel – Freiburg
    Freiburg
    Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the extreme south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain...

     
    Plain stage
    90 km (55.9 mi)
    1c Freiburg – Mulhouse
    Mulhouse
    Mulhouse |mill]] hamlet) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. With a population of 110,514 and 278,206 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2006, it is the largest city in the Haut-Rhin département, and the second largest in the Alsace region after...

     
    Plain stage
    74 km (46 mi)
    2 28 June Mulhouse – Strasbourg
    Strasbourg
    Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    144 km (89.5 mi)
    3 29 June Strasbourg – Nancy 
    Stage with mountain(s)
    165.5 km (102.8 mi)
    4 30 June Nancy – Marche-en-Famenne
    Marche-en-Famenne
    Marche-en-Famenne is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. It is the unofficial capital of the Famenne region, sandwiched between the Condroz, former land of the Condrusi, to the north and the Ardennes to the south....

     
    Plain stage
    242 km (150.4 mi)
    5 1 July Dinant
    Dinant
    Dinant is a Walloon city and municipality located on the River Meuse in the Belgian province of Namur, Belgium. The Dinant municipality includes the old communes of Anseremme, Bouvignes-sur-Meuse, Dréhance, Falmagne, Falmignoul, Foy-Notre-Dame, Furfooz, Lisogne, Sorinnes, and Thynes.-Origins to...

     – Roubaix
    Roubaix
    Roubaix is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is located between the cities of Lille and Tourcoing.The Gare de Roubaix railway station offers connections to Lille, Tourcoing, Antwerp, Ostend and Paris.-Culture:...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    208.5 km (129.6 mi)
    6a 2 July | Roubaix – Amiens
    Amiens
    Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy...

     
    Plain stage
    127.5 km (79.2 mi)
    6b Amiens – Le Touquet
    Le Touquet-Paris-Plage
    Le Touquet-Paris-Plage, commonly referred to as Le Touquet, is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. It has a population of 5,355....

     
    Plain stage
    133.5 km (83 mi)
    7 4 July Rungis
    Rungis
    Rungis is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, in the département of Val-de-Marne.It is best known as the location of the large wholesale food market serving the Paris metropolitan area and beyond, the Marché d'Intérêt National de Rungis, said to be the largest food market in the...

     – Nevers
    Nevers
    Nevers is a commune in – and the administrative capital of – the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne region in central France...

     
    Plain stage
    257.5 km (160 mi)
    8 5 July Nevers – Puy-de-Dôme
    Puy-de-Dôme (mountain)
    Puy de Dôme is a large lava dome and one of the youngest volcanoes in the Chaîne des Puys region of Massif Central in south-central France. This chain of volcanoes including numerous cinder cones, lava domes, and maars is located far from the edge of any tectonic plate. Puy de Dôme is located...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    221 km (137.3 mi)
    9 6 July Clermont-Ferrand
    Clermont-Ferrand
    Clermont-Ferrand is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne region, with a population of 140,700 . Its metropolitan area had 409,558 inhabitants at the 1999 census. It is the prefecture of the Puy-de-Dôme department...

     – Saint-Étienne
    Saint-Étienne
    Saint-Étienne is a city in eastern central France. It is located in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Rhône-Alpes region, along the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    153 km (95.1 mi)
    10 7 July Saint-Étienne – Grenoble
    Grenoble
    Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère. Located in the Rhône-Alpes region, Grenoble is the capital of the department of Isère...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    188.5 km (117.1 mi)
    11 8 July Grenoble – Orcières
    Orcières
    Orcières is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.-Population:-References:*...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    134 km (83.3 mi)
    12 10 July Orcières – Marseille
    Marseille
    Marseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...

     
    Plain stage
    251 km (156 mi)
    13 11 July Albi 
    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    16.3 km (10.1 mi)
    14 12 July Revel
    Revel, Haute-Garonne
    Revel is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.-Location:Revel is situated about 35 miles east of Toulouse...

     – Luchon
    Bagnères-de-Luchon
    Bagnères-de-Luchon , also referred to as Luchon, is a spa town and a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.-Geography:...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    214.5 km (133.3 mi)
    15 13 July Luchon – Superbagnères
    Bagnères-de-Luchon
    Bagnères-de-Luchon , also referred to as Luchon, is a spa town and a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.-Geography:...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    19.6 km (12.2 mi)
    16a 14 July Luchon – Gourette
    Gourette
    Gourette is a winter sports resort in the French Pyrenees. It is located in the commune of Eaux-Bonnes in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, on the D918 road which passes through the Col d'Aubisque mountain pass...

     
    Stage with mountain(s)
    145 km (90.1 mi)
    16b Gourette – Pau 
    Plain stage
    57.5 km (35.7 mi)
    17 15 July Mont-de-Marsan
    Mont-de-Marsan
    Mont-de-Marsan is a commune and capital of the Landes department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.Mont-de-Marsan airbase « Constantin Rozanoff » is a major installation of the French Air Force. The base includes CEAM , an air defense radar command reporting centre, and an air defence control...

     – Bordeaux
    Bordeaux
    Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...

     
    Plain stage
    188 km (116.8 mi)
    18 16 July Bordeaux – Poitiers
    Poitiers
    Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and of the Poitou-Charentes region. The centre is picturesque and its streets are interesting for predominant remains of historical architecture, especially from the Romanesque...

     
    Plain stage
    244 km (151.6 mi)
    19 17 July Blois
    Blois
    Blois is the capital of Loir-et-Cher department in central France, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours.-History:...

     – Versailles
    Versailles
    Versailles , a city renowned for its château, the Palace of Versailles, was the de facto capital of the kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789. It is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and remains an important administrative and judicial centre...

     
    Plain stage
    185 km (115 mi)
    20 18 July Versailles – Paris
    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    53.8 km (33.4 mi)

    Classification leadership

    Stage General classification
    Points classification
    Points classification in the Tour de France
    The points classification in the Tour de France is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1953. Points are given for high finishes in a stage and for winning intermediate sprints, and these are recorded in a points classification. It is considered a sprinters' competition...


    Mountains classification Team classification
    Team classification
    The team classification is a prize given in the Tour de France to the best team in the race. It has been awarded since 1930, and the calculation has changed throughout the years.-Calculation:...

    P no award no award Molteni
    1a
    1b
    1c
    2 Flandria
    3
    4
    5
    6a
    6b
    7
    8
    9 Peugeot
    10
    11 Bic
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16a
    16b
    17
    18
    19
    20
    Final Bic

    General classification

    Final general classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Time
    1 Molteni 96h 45' 14"
    2 Flandria +9' 51"
    3 Sonolor +11' 06"
    4 Peugeot +14' 50"
    5 Hoover +21' 00"
    6 Bic +21' 38"
    7 Fagor +22' 58"
    8 Bic +30' 07"
    9 Sonolor +32' 45"
    10 Kas +36' 00"

    Points classification

    Final points classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 Molteni 202
    2 Fagor 186
    3 Goudsmit 107
    4 Molteni 97
    5 Flandria 93
    6 Flandria 82
    7 Goudsmit 81
    8 Peugeot 71
    9 Sonolor 64
    10 Hoover 64

    Mountains classification

    Final mountains classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 Sonolor 228
    2 Flandria 180
    3 Molteni 137
    4 Kas 89
    5 Fagor 74
    6 Hoover 68
    7 Peugeot 48
    8 Kas 47
    9 Bic 38
    10 Sonolor 37

    Team classification

    Final team classification
    Rank Team Time
    1 Bic 292 01' 40"
    2 Molteni +20' 20"
    3 Peugeot-BP +31' 39"
    4 Sonolor-Lejeune +56' 32"
    5 Ferretti +1h 22' 31"
    6 Kas +1h 35' 39"
    7 Werner +1h 51' 43"
    8 Fagor-Mercier +1h 56' 08"
    9 Mars-Flandria +2h 10' 32"
    10 Hoover-De Gribaldy +2h 13' 11"
    11 Salvarani +2h 36' 36"
    12 Goudsmit +3h 28' 45"
    13 Scic +3h 40' 51"

    Combination classification

    Final combination classification (1–8)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 Molteni 5
    2 Flandria 9
    3 Sonolor 13
    4 Fagor 14
    5 Hoover 21
    6 Peugeot 22
    7 Molteni 34
    8 Bic 42

    Sprints classification

    Final sprints classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 Flandria 52
    2 Goudsmit 35
    3 Molteni 34
    4 Sonolor 26
    5 Sonolor 21
    6 Flandria 20
    7 Goudsmit 17
    8 Sonolor 16
    9 Ferretti 14
    10 Ferretti 14

    Other classifications

    The combativity award
    Combativity award
    The combativity award, , is a prize given in the Tour de France. It favours constant attackers and since 1981 the winner of the award has not won the whole Tour.- History :...

     was given to Luis Ocana.
    The new rider classification was won by Zoetemelk.

    Aftermath

    This Tour de France was considered the most exciting in recent years.
    Ocana fully recovered from his injuries, and would win the 1973 Tour de France
    1973 Tour de France
    The 1973 Tour de France was the 60th Tour de France, taking place June 30 to July 22, 1973. It consisted of 20 stages over 4140.4 km, ridden at an average speed of 33.918 km/h. After winning the 1973 Vuelta a España and the 1973 Giro d'Italia, Eddy Merckx did not participate in the Tour...

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