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390 BC Battle of the Allia: Gauls, under Brennus, defeat the Roman army. This leads to the capture and sack of Rome. Although he raised an army in outlying districts, the again dictator Marcus Furius Camillus got rid of the Gauls by paying a large tribute.
55 BC Julius Caesar commands the first Roman invasion of Britain. Due to bad weather and revolts in Gaul the expedition achieves little, but the Roman Senate decrees twenty days of thanksgiving.
52 BC Romans defeat Gauls led by Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia, thus breaking the back of the Gallic insurrection. The final pacification of Gaul is complete the following year.
22 Roman law replaces Celtic customs in Gaul.
87 Lyon, a city in Gaul has a population of over 100,000.
177 Churches in southern Gaul are destroyed after a crowd accuses the local Christians of practicing cannibalism and the incest.
186 Peasants in Gaul stage an anti-tax uprising under Maternus.
187 Septimus Severus, (born Leptis Magna), is named legate of Lyonnaise Gaul.
195 Clodius Albinus, who had been proclaimed emperor in Britain, crosses into Gaul with his legions, while at the same time recruiting new soldiers. He is soon the head of an Army of 150,000 men. Severus, still in Mesopotamia, hastily returns to Rome.
196 In order to assure the support of the legions in Germany on his march to Rome, Clodius Albinus, is declared Augustus by his army while crossing Gaul.
236 Fabian sends seven missionaries to Gaul to evangelize in the large cities.
258 Gaul, Britain and Spain break off from the Roman Empire to form the Gallic Empire
259 Postumus revolts against Gallienus, in Gaul. The western provinces of Britain and Spain join his independent realm—which is called in modern times the Gallic Empire.
274 The Gallic Empire (Gaul and Britain) is reconquered by Aurelian. With the conquests of the Palmyran Empire (272) and the Gallic Empire, the Roman Empire is united again.
274 Germanic Peoples take advantage of the destroyed Roman armies of the Rhine. They pillage and depopulate large areas of Gaul, including Paris. The Rhine border is lost for 20 years. Franks live in the area of present southern Netherlands, northern Belgium and Rhineland from now on.
275 Gaul is pillaged by the Franks and the Alemanni.
277 Probus expels the Franks and Alamanni from Gaul.
280 Owing to the constant threat of invasion, the cities in Gaul construct or reinforce their defensive walls.
284 The Bagaudae in Gaul revolt against the Romans.
286 The revolt of the Bagaudae in Gaul is crushed.
286 Carausius, commander of the ''Classis Britannica'', is accused of piracy and sentenced to death. He responds by declaring himself emperor of northern Gaul and Britain.
288 In Gaul, Maximian builds a fleet to fight Carausius.
293 Constantius Chlorus retakes northern Gaul from the usurper Carausius, who retains control of Britain
308 The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Maxentius and Licinius to be Augusti, while rival contender Constantine I is declared Caesar of Britain and Gaul
357 Constantius II gives Julian supreme command of all military operations in Gaul.
373 Saint Martin of Tours undertakes the Christianization of Gaul.
383 Roman troops in Britain proclaim Magnus Maximus Emperor. He crosses over to the continent and makes Trier his capital. Gaul, the Italian provinces and Hispania proclaim loyalty to him.
392 Arbogast elevates Eugenius as Emperor, after assassinating Valentinian II in response to Valentinian's removal of Arbogast as military leader in Gaul.
407 Constantine III leads many of the Roman military units from Britain to Gaul, occupying Arles. This is generally seen as Rome's withdrawal from Britain.
407 Invasion of Gaul by the Germans: Vandals, Alans and Suevi.
409 Famine strikes Hispania, Gaul and the Italian Peninsula.
412 The Visigoths move into the south of Gaul, led by Alaric's brother-in-law Ataulf.
412 The usurper Jovinus takes control of Gaul.
416 Rutilius Claudius Namatianus begins his journey home from Rome to Gaul. This becomes the subject of his unfinished poem, ''De reditu suo''.
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470 Euric, king of the Visigoths, defeats an attempted invasion of Gaul by the Celtic military leader Riothamus.
486 Roman rule in Gaul ends with the defeat at Soissons of the Roman governor Syagrius by the Franks under Clovis I. The land between the Loire and the Somme becomes a part of the Frankish realm.
506 The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
507 Battle of Vouillé: Clovis I defeats the Visigoths near Poitiers, ends Visigothic power in Gaul.
517 Bishops of southern Gaul convene the Council of Epaon.
585 Famine strikes Gaul.
590 Saint Columbanus arrives in Gaul, founds the monastery of Luxeuil.
617 Heathen reaction in Kent under king Eadbald. Justus, bishop of Rochester, flees to Gaul.
721 Battle of Toulouse - Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani, the governor Muslim Spain (al-Andalus) is defeated by Duke Odo of Aquitaine preventing an Arab invasion of Gaul.
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