ZAP-70 is an abbreviation for
Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (70 is the molecular weight in
kDaKDA may refer to:* Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace* Kotelawala Defence Academy* Kramer Design Associates* Lithium diisopropylamide, KDA is the potassium analogue of lithium diisopropylamideOr kDa may refer to:...
). The
proteinProteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. The amino acids in a polymer chain are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues...
is a member in the protein-
tyrosine kinaseA tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue in a protein. Tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of the larger class of protein kinases...
family. ZAP-70 is normally expressed in
T cell'T cells' belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors...
s and natural killer cells and has a critical role in the initiation of T-cell signaling.
ZAP-70 in
B cellB cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of Antigen Presenting Cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction...
s is used as a prognostic marker in identifying different forms of
chronic lymphocytic leukemiaB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia , also known as chronic lymphoid leukemia , is the most common type of leukemia. Leukemias are abnormal and malignant neoplastic proliferations of the white blood cells . CLL involves a particular subtype of white blood cells, which is a lymphocyte called a B...
(CLL).
ZAP70 deficiencyZAP70 deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency .-Presentation:...
results in a form of immune deficiency.
T lymphocytes are activated by engagement of the T cell receptor with processed antigen fragments presented by professional antigen presenting cells (e.g.
ZAP-70 is an abbreviation for
Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (70 is the molecular weight in
kDaKDA may refer to:* Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace* Kotelawala Defence Academy* Kramer Design Associates* Lithium diisopropylamide, KDA is the potassium analogue of lithium diisopropylamideOr kDa may refer to:...
). The
proteinProteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. The amino acids in a polymer chain are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues...
is a member in the protein-
tyrosine kinaseA tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue in a protein. Tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of the larger class of protein kinases...
family. ZAP-70 is normally expressed in
T cell'T cells' belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors...
s and natural killer cells and has a critical role in the initiation of T-cell signaling.
Clinical significance
ZAP-70 in
B cellB cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of Antigen Presenting Cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction...
s is used as a prognostic marker in identifying different forms of
chronic lymphocytic leukemiaB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia , also known as chronic lymphoid leukemia , is the most common type of leukemia. Leukemias are abnormal and malignant neoplastic proliferations of the white blood cells . CLL involves a particular subtype of white blood cells, which is a lymphocyte called a B...
(CLL).
ZAP70 deficiencyZAP70 deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency .-Presentation:...
results in a form of immune deficiency.
Function
T lymphocytes are activated by engagement of the T cell receptor with processed antigen fragments presented by professional antigen presenting cells (e.g. macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells). Upon this activation, the tyrosine kinase
LckLck is a protein that is found inside specialized cells of the immune system called lymphocytes. Lck is a tyrosine kinase, which phosphorylates tyrosine residues of certain proteins involved in the intracellular signaling pathways of these lymphocytes...
becomes activated and phosphorylates the intracellular portions of the CD3 complex (called ITAMs). The most important member of the CD3 family is CD3-zeta to which ZAP-70 binds (hence the abbreviation). The tandem SH2-domains of ZAP-70 are engaged by the doubly phosphorylated ITAMs of CD3-zeta, which positions ZAP-70 to phosphorylate the transmembrane protein
LATLinker of Activated T cells also known as LAT is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.- Function :...
(Linker of Activated T cells). Phosphorylated LAT in turn serves as a docking site to which a number of signaling proteins bind. The final outcome of T cell activation is the transcription of several gene products which allow the T cells to differentiate, proliferate and secrete a number of
cytokineCytokines are any of a number of substances that are secreted by specific cells of the immune system which carry signals locally between cells, and thus have an effect on other cells. They are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. They are proteins,...
s.
Interactions
ZAP-70 has been shown to
interactProtein-protein interactions involve not only the direct-contact association of protein molecules but also longer range interactions through the electrolyte, aqueous solution medium surrounding neighbor hydrated proteins over distances from less than one nanometer to distances of several tens of...
with
LckLck is a protein that is found inside specialized cells of the immune system called lymphocytes. Lck is a tyrosine kinase, which phosphorylates tyrosine residues of certain proteins involved in the intracellular signaling pathways of these lymphocytes...
,
FYNProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene.This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth...
,
SHBSH2 domain-containing adapter protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHB gene.-Interactions:SHB has been shown to interact with Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, Src, Linker of activated T cells, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, ZAP-70, EPS8, PIK3R1 and VAV1.-Further reading:...
,
Linker of activated T cellsLinker of Activated T cells also known as LAT is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.- Function :...
,
Cbl geneCbl is a mammalian gene encoding several proteins involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination...
,
Drebrin-likeDrebrin-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DBNL gene.-Interactions:Drebrin-like has been shown to interact with Cyclin-dependent kinase 4, MAP4K1 and ZAP-70.-Further reading:...
and
SHC1SHC-transforming protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHC1 gene.-Further reading:...
.
Further reading
External links