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Windowing system



 
 
A windowing system (or window system) is a component of a graphical user interface
Graphical user interface

A graphical user interface is a type of user interface which allows people to human-computer interaction such as computers; hand-held devices such as MP3 Players, Portable Media Players or Gaming devices; household appliances and office equipment....
 (GUI), and more specifically of a desktop environment
Desktop environment

In graphical computing, a desktop environment commonly refers to a style of graphical user interface that is based on the desktop metaphor which can be seen on most modern personal computers today....
, which supports the implementation of window manager
Window manager

A window manager is computer software that controls the placement and appearance of window within a windowing system in a graphical user interface....
s, and provides basic support for graphics hardware, pointing devices such as mice, and keyboards. The mouse cursor is also generally drawn by the windowing system.

The term windowing system is sometimes used to refer to other elements of a graphical interface such as those belonging to window manager
Window manager

A window manager is computer software that controls the placement and appearance of window within a windowing system in a graphical user interface....
s or even applications.






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A windowing system (or window system) is a component of a graphical user interface
Graphical user interface

A graphical user interface is a type of user interface which allows people to human-computer interaction such as computers; hand-held devices such as MP3 Players, Portable Media Players or Gaming devices; household appliances and office equipment....
 (GUI), and more specifically of a desktop environment
Desktop environment

In graphical computing, a desktop environment commonly refers to a style of graphical user interface that is based on the desktop metaphor which can be seen on most modern personal computers today....
, which supports the implementation of window manager
Window manager

A window manager is computer software that controls the placement and appearance of window within a windowing system in a graphical user interface....
s, and provides basic support for graphics hardware, pointing devices such as mice, and keyboards. The mouse cursor is also generally drawn by the windowing system.

The term windowing system is sometimes used to refer to other elements of a graphical interface such as those belonging to window manager
Window manager

A window manager is computer software that controls the placement and appearance of window within a windowing system in a graphical user interface....
s or even applications. While on some operating systems the distinction between applications, window managers, and their supporting technologies are blurred, strictly speaking, a windowing system does not include windows themselves.

From a programmer
Programmer

A programmer is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software....
's point of view, a windowing system implements graphical primitives such as rendering fonts
Typeface

In typography, a typeface is a set of one or more fonts, in one or more sizes, designed with stylistic unity, each comprising a coordinated set of glyphs....
 or drawing a line on the screen, effectively providing an abstraction of the graphics hardware from higher level elements of the graphical interface like window managers.

A windowing system enables the computer user to work with several programs at the same time. Each program runs in its own window, which is generally a rectangular area of the screen. Most windowing systems have basic support of re-parenting which allows windows to overlap, however the ways in which windows interact is usually controlled by the window manager
Window manager

A window manager is computer software that controls the placement and appearance of window within a windowing system in a graphical user interface....
.

Some windowing systems, like the X Window System
X Window System

The X Window System is a computing software system and network protocol that provides a graphical user interface for networked computers. It implements the X Window System protocols and architecture and provides windowing system on raster graphics Visual display units and manages Keyboard and pointing device control functions....
, have advanced capabilities such as network transparency
Network transparency

Network Transparency in its most general sense refers to the ability of a protocol to transmit data over the network in a manner which is Transparency_%28computing%29 to those using the applications that are using the protocol....
, allowing the user to display graphical applications running on a remote machine
Remote computer

A remote computer is a computer to which a user does not have physical access, but which he or she can access/manipulate via some kind of computer network....
. The X Window System takes a strictly layered approach, and does not implement any specific policy regarding the look and feel of the graphical user interfaces, and their behaviour, leaving that to the X window manager
X window manager

An X window manager is a window manager which runs on top of the X Window System, a windowing system mainly used on Unix-like systems.Unlike the Mac OS and Microsoft Windows platforms, which have historically provided a vendor-controlled, fixed set of ways to control how windows and paned windows display on a Computer display, and how the...
s, widget toolkit
Widget toolkit

A widget toolkit, widget library, or GUI toolkit is a set of GUI widget for use in designing applications with graphical user interfaces ....
s and desktop environment
Desktop environment

In graphical computing, a desktop environment commonly refers to a style of graphical user interface that is based on the desktop metaphor which can be seen on most modern personal computers today....
s.

List of windowing systems


Windowing systems for Unix-like
Unix-like

A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification....
 operating systems

  • 8½ (Plan 9)

    8? is a Windowing system developed for the Plan 9 from Bell Labs Operating System by Rob Pike. According to its documentation, the system has little graphical fanciness, a fixed user interface, and depends on a three-button mouse....
     and rio
    Rio (program)

    rio is Plan 9 from Bell Labs's windowing system.Many of its features embody key Plan 9 design concepts:* Each Window runs in its own private namespace ....
     for Plan 9
    Plan 9 from Bell Labs

    Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system, primarily used for research. It was developed as the research successor to Unix by the Computing Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs between the mid-1980s and 2002....
  • Fresco/Berlin
    Fresco (computing)

    In computing, Fresco is a windowing system. It was intended as a replacement for the X Window System. As of October 23, 2008, the last activity in was dated June 11, 2004....
  • FBUI
  • HP Windows
  • ManaGeR
    ManaGeR

    ManaGeR is a graphical window system. The MGR server provides a builtin window manager and windowed graphics terminal emulation on color and monochrome bitmap Display device....
     (MGR)
  • Metisse
    Metisse

    Metisse is a 2.5D windowing system, based on the X Window System. Metisse is available as a window manager for at least Mandriva One 2007, PCLinuxOS 2007 and Sabayon Linux....
  • NeWS
    NeWS

    NeWS was a windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid 1980s. Originally known as "SunDew", its primary authors were James Gosling and David S....
     / Xnews
  • NeXT DPS
    NEXTSTEP

    Nextstep was the original Object-oriented operating system, computer multitasking operating system that NeXT developed to run on its range of proprietary computers, such as the NeXTcube....
  • Qtopia
    Qtopia

    Qt Extended, formerly known as Qtopia until September 30, 2008, is an application platform for Embedded Linux-based mobile computing devices such as personal digital assistants and mobile phones....
  • Quartz Compositor
    Quartz Compositor

    Quartz Compositor is the windowing system in Mac OS X. It is responsible for presenting and maintaining rasterized, rendered graphics from the rest of the Core Graphics framework and other renderers in the Quartz family....
     integrated into Mac OS X
    Mac OS X

    Mac OS X is a line of computer operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., and since 2002 has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems....
  • SunView
    SunView

    SunView was a windowing system from Sun Microsystems developed in the early 1980s. It was included as part of SunOS, Sun's UNIX implementation; unlike later UNIX windowing systems, much of it was implemented in the system kernel ....
  • Twin
    Twin (computing)

    Twin is a Text mode windowing environment written and maintained by Massimiliano Ghilardi; it draws and manages text Window on a text-mode display, like X11 does for graphical windows....
     (Text WINdows)
  • X Window System
    X Window System

    The X Window System is a computing software system and network protocol that provides a graphical user interface for networked computers. It implements the X Window System protocols and architecture and provides windowing system on raster graphics Visual display units and manages Keyboard and pointing device control functions....
     (free-software, de-facto standard on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems)
  • Xynth
    Xynth

    Xynth is an embedded windowing system, released under LGPL, developed to systems with low resources, is an alternative for X Window System.The goal of the project is to release a soft but portable and powered Window Environment....
  • XFast
    XFast

    XFast is a lightweight desktop environment that incorporates X and a window manager within the same project and therefore doesn't needs a separate X-server and WM....
  • Y Window System
    Y Window System

    The Y Window System is a windowing system, consisting of a window Server and a client Library for writing applications. It was written by Mark Thomas as the subject of his Master's thesis at Imperial College, London....


Other

  • DM
    DM (computing)

    DM was the window system used by Apollo Computer Inc. for its Apollo/Domain line of workstations running the AEGIS operating system, later renamed Domain/OS....
  • GEM
    Graphical Environment Manager

    GEM was a windowing system created by Digital Research for use with the CP/M operating system on the Intel 8088 and Motorola 68000 microprocessors....
  • OPIE
  • Intuition
    Intuition (Amiga)

    The Amiga computer was launched by Commodore International in 1985 with a GUI called Workbench based on an internal engine which drives all the input events called Intuition, and developed almost entirely by RJ Mical....
  • Microwindows
    Microwindows

    Microwindows is a windowing system which is full featured enough to be used on a Personal Computer or a PDA. The Nano-X Window System is an Open Source project aimed at bringing the features of modern graphical windowing environments to smaller devices and platforms....
  • MiniGUI
    MiniGUI

    MiniGUI is a Graphical User Interface system with support for real-time computing and embedded operating systems, and aims to be fast, stable, light-weight and cross-platform....
  • OOHG


Operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ....
, Mac OS
Mac OS history

On January 24, 1984, Apple Computer, Inc. introduced the Macintosh personal computer, with the Macintosh 128K model, which came bundled with the Mac OS operating system, then known as the System Software....
 (version 9
Mac OS 9

Mac OS 9 is the final major release of Apple Inc. "Classic" Mac OS. Introduced on October 23 1999, Apple positioned it as "The Best Internet Operating System Ever," highlighting Apple Sherlock Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as .Mac, and improved Open Transport networking....
 and earlier), and Palm OS
Palm OS

Palm OS is an embedded operating system operating system initially developed by U.S. Robotics Corp.-owned Palm, Inc. for personal digital assistants in 1996....
, contain a windowing system which is integrated with the OS. Windows Vista
Windows Vista

Windows Vista is one member in a family of operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business Desktop computer, laptops, Tablet PCs, and media center PCs....
 integrates the Desktop Window Manager
Desktop Window Manager

Desktop Window Manager is a compositing window manager, introduced with Windows Vista, that enables the Windows Aero graphical user interface and visual theme....
.

Web
World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is a very large set of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain writing, s, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks....
 windowing systems
  • Dojo
    Dojo Toolkit

    The Dojo Toolkit is an open source modular JavaScript library designed to ease the rapid development of cross platform, JavaScript/Ajax based applications and web sites....
  • ExtJS
    Ext (javascript library)

    Ext is a JavaScript library for building interactive web applications using techniques such as Ajax , Dynamic HTML and Document Object Model scripting....
  • an open source Ajax Rich Internet Application Toolkit with more than 100 components for making Ajax apps with the paradigms of a windowing system's GUI
  • WebWM
    Webwm

    WebWM is a web window manager API in PHP, which helps developers to create and manage dynamic windows inside their web applications.The whole window framework uses JavaScript making it light and versatile ....
    , Web Window Manager


See also

  • History of the graphical user interface
    History of the graphical user interface

    The graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, has over the last four decades a steady history of incremental refinements built on some constant core principles....
  • Widget toolkit
    Widget toolkit

    A widget toolkit, widget library, or GUI toolkit is a set of GUI widget for use in designing applications with graphical user interfaces ....
  • Desktop environment
    Desktop environment

    In graphical computing, a desktop environment commonly refers to a style of graphical user interface that is based on the desktop metaphor which can be seen on most modern personal computers today....