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Untriseptium is a chemical element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 which has not yet been observed to occur naturally, nor has it yet been synthesised. Its atomic number is 137 and symbol is Uts. The name Feynmanium (symbol Fy) is also informally used, because of Feynman
Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an United States physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as work in particle physics ....
's presentation of the speed of light problem described below.

The name untriseptium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name
Systematic element name

A systematic element name is the temporary name and symbol assigned to newly synthesized and not yet synthesized chemical elements. In chemistry, a Transuranium element receives a permanent trivial name and symbol only after its synthesis has been confirmed....
.

Significance
Bohr model
Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Bohr model created by Niels Bohr depicts the atom as a small, positively charged atomic nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity....
 exhibits difficulty for atoms with atomic number greater than 137, for the speed of an electron in a 1s electron orbital
Atomic orbital

An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus....
, v, is given by:

where Z is the atomic number
Atomic number

In chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the atomic nucleus of an atom. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z....
, and a is the fine structure constant, a measure of the strength of electromagnetic interactions.






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|- | |- |

Untriseptium is a chemical element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 which has not yet been observed to occur naturally, nor has it yet been synthesised. Its atomic number is 137 and symbol is Uts. The name Feynmanium (symbol Fy) is also informally used, because of Feynman
Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an United States physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as work in particle physics ....
's presentation of the speed of light problem described below.

The name untriseptium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name
Systematic element name

A systematic element name is the temporary name and symbol assigned to newly synthesized and not yet synthesized chemical elements. In chemistry, a Transuranium element receives a permanent trivial name and symbol only after its synthesis has been confirmed....
.

History


Significance


Bohr model breakdown

The Bohr model
Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Bohr model created by Niels Bohr depicts the atom as a small, positively charged atomic nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity....
 exhibits difficulty for atoms with atomic number greater than 137, for the speed of an electron in a 1s electron orbital
Atomic orbital

An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus....
, v, is given by:

where Z is the atomic number
Atomic number

In chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the atomic nucleus of an atom. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z....
, and a is the fine structure constant, a measure of the strength of electromagnetic interactions. Under this approximation, any element with an atomic number of greater than 137 would require 1s electrons to be traveling faster than c, the speed of light
Speed of light

The speed of light in an free space is an important physical constant usually written as c, with a value of 299,792,458 metres per second....
. Hence the non-relativistic Bohr model is clearly inaccurate when applied to such an element.

The Dirac equation

The relativistic Dirac equation
Dirac equation

In physics, the Dirac equation is a theory of relativity quantum mechanics wave equation formulated by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928 and provides a description of elementary particle spin-? particles, such as electrons, consistent with both the principles of quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity....
 also has problems for Z>137, for the ground state energy is

where m is the rest mass of the electron. For Z>137, the wave function of the Dirac ground state is oscillatory, rather than bound, and there is no gap between the positive and negative energy spectra, as in the Klein paradox
Klein paradox

In 1929, physicist Oskar Klein obtained a surprising result by applying the Dirac equation to the familiar problem of electron scattering from a potential barrier....
.

More accurate calculations including the effects of the finite size of the nucleus indicate that the binding energy first exceeds 2 m c2 for Z>Zcr173. For Z>Zcr, if the innermost orbital is not filled, the electric field of the nucleus will pull an electron out of the vacuum, resulting in the spontaneous emission of a positron.

See also

  • Dubnium
    Dubnium

    Dubnium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Db and atomic number 105.This is a radioactive synthetic element whose most stable isotope is 268Db with a half life of 28 hours....
  • Eka-Rutherfordium — Eka-Dubnium — Eka-Seaborgium
  • Untrihexium
    Untrihexium

    Untrihexium is an unsynthesized chemical element with atomic number 136 and symbol Uth.The name untrihexium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name....
     – Untrioctium
    Untrioctium

    |-||-|Untrioctium is an unsynthesized chemical element with atomic number 138 and symbol Uto.The name untrioctium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name....
  • Atomic orbital
    Atomic orbital

    An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus....
    , section Relativistic effects
    Atomic orbital

    An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus....


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