The Unger Model is an empirical standard model for near end crosstalk (NEXT) power

Electric power

Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt.-Circuits:Electric power, like mechanical power, is represented by the letter P in electrical equations...

 spectra

Frequency spectrum

The frequency spectrum of a time-domain signal is a representation of that signal in the frequency domain. The frequency spectrum can be generated via a Fourier transform of the signal, and the resulting values are usually presented as amplitude and phase, both plotted versus frequency.Any signal...

 as experienced by communication

Communication

Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...

 systems over unshielded twisted pair (UTP).

Twisted pair cables are usually grouped together in a binder where they experience crosstalk

Crosstalk (electronics)

In electronics, crosstalk is any phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel...

. Based on empirical observations, Unger proposed that, at the 1% worst case, the NEXT

NeXT

Next, Inc. was an American computer company headquartered in Redwood City, California, that developed and manufactured a series of computer workstations intended for the higher education and business markets...

power spectra , due to a single disturber, can be bounded by

while the NEXT power spectra due to 49 disturbers (full binder) can be bounded by