Turze Pole
Encyclopedia
Turze Pole ' is a village
in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozów
, within Brzozów County
, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. The village has a population of 1,040. The highest point in Turze Pole is the hill located just north of the village named Patria which is 383 meter above the water level. According to local legend, the hill and the surrounding forest contain hidden tunnels which the local population used as a safe haven.
. In the first half of the 18th century the village belonged to Marie Łazowski, and then to Count Francis Starzenski (1769–1828).By the end of the 18th century, the village had grown to forty cottages. Shortly after his death, his children in sold the property in 1832 to John and Tekla from Świrskich Leszczynski . In 1891 the property was sold to Adam Ostaszewski from Wzdów
, who was one of the pioneers of Polish aviation. By the end of the 19th century, there were two inns and a folwark
that were operating in the village center. Turze Pole remained the property of The Ostaszewskis up until the end of World War II
, due to the result of an agrarian reform by PKWN, making it the property of the National Treasury.
: a horse-drawn fire pump as well as a number of smaller hoses and hand pumps. May 28, 1978 the original "Fireman's House" was given to the use of the village. In 2007, the OSP
celebrated its 100 anniversary of its founding.
, Zmiennica
, and Buków
. One of the unit's hideouts as well as communication points was the house of Franciszek Konopka. Konopka was a soldier during the September campaign in the 12 Kresowy Light Artillery Regiment, however he was captured by the Soviets from which he escaped and returned from the soviet occupied area of Poland back to Turze Pole by December of 1939. The house was used by the partisans when they needed to hide for a couple of days as well as the drop-off and pick-up place for the underground mail and communication network.The family of the commander of the partisan group was also actively involved in the underground conspiracy. The brother of the commander, Tadeusz Rosolski, was taken by the Gestapo
and was executed in Jasło. The group operated in the region between the cities of Krosno
and Sanok
. The main objective of the group was to limit the extraction of crude oil in the area. The group also undertook a number of armed actions against the Germans such as the failed attempt on the life of the local German Gendarmerie
"Jocha", who was the commandant of the German police station in Haczów
. The attempt took place in the village of Jasionów and Rosolski was the first to open fire but he had shot wide and missed the gendarmerie
. Another armed attack was directed on two armored cars by three partisans, which resulted as a failure but without partisan casualties. Other active members of the resistance were local school teacher Karol Toczyński, who was active in the propaganda section of the resistance from 1942. In 1944, Rosolski was replaced by his adjutant, lieutenant Adam Hędrzak. Once the Soviets arrived, the group again faced arrests and interrogations, this time from the hands of the UB
. During the occupation, the old quarries located around Patria served as a place of refuge for Jews and others who were persecuted by the Nazi regime. The local forests around Turze Pole served as hideouts for the local Home Army partisan as well as for the anti-communist group under Major Żubryd who operated in this region after the war.
of the village was created.
. He was an advisor during strikes in Rzeszow as well as in Ustrzyki Dolne. He is buried next to his father in the neighboring village of Jasionów.
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozów
Gmina Brzozów
Gmina Brzozów is an urban-rural gmina in Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzozów, which lies approximately south of the regional capital Rzeszów....
, within Brzozów County
Brzozów County
Brzozów County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Brzozów, which lies ...
, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. The village has a population of 1,040. The highest point in Turze Pole is the hill located just north of the village named Patria which is 383 meter above the water level. According to local legend, the hill and the surrounding forest contain hidden tunnels which the local population used as a safe haven.
History
The first known mention of the village is from 1420. The village was founded on Magdeburg Law and was initially owned by the Błoński family. The village center was the location of the Błoński brick manor house along with ten wooden buildings, an orchard, and a pond. Across from the manor house in 1791 a shrine was built which housed the statue of St.John of NepomukJohn of Nepomuk
John of Nepomuk is a national saint of the Czech Republic, who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of Wenceslaus, King of the Romans and King of Bohemia. Later accounts state that he was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia and refused to divulge the secrets of the confessional...
. In the first half of the 18th century the village belonged to Marie Łazowski, and then to Count Francis Starzenski (1769–1828).By the end of the 18th century, the village had grown to forty cottages. Shortly after his death, his children in sold the property in 1832 to John and Tekla from Świrskich Leszczynski . In 1891 the property was sold to Adam Ostaszewski from Wzdów
Wzdów
Wzdów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Haczów, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Haczów, south of Brzozów, and south of the regional capital Rzeszów. The village has a population of 1,000. The...
, who was one of the pioneers of Polish aviation. By the end of the 19th century, there were two inns and a folwark
Folwark
Folwark is a Polish word for a primarily serfdom-based farm and agricultural enterprise , often very large. Folwarks were operated in the Crown of Poland from the 14th century and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 15th century, from the second half of the 16th century in the joint...
that were operating in the village center. Turze Pole remained the property of The Ostaszewskis up until the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, due to the result of an agrarian reform by PKWN, making it the property of the National Treasury.
Discovery of Crude Oil
During the 1890s, the village became well known for its oil extraction site that was located in the nearby forest. The first hydrocarbon exploration in the area started in 1885, which resulted with positive results. The year of 1890 marked the beginning of oil extraction operations . The peak production in this area was in 1910 and by 1914 there was a total of 14 completed oil wells. From 1914 to 1939, the total number of oil wells was increased to 35. During the Second World War, as a result of the increase of demand for crude oil, 29 new wells were added to the existing 35. The years of 1948-1950 marked the last years of the high rate of production for the area. The drilling site is still in operation today.Volunteer Fire Brigade
The Turze Pole volunteer fire brigade was established in year of 1907. Its founders were Jan Czechowski, Jan Władyka and the local school teacher Antoni Zgrych. For the newly created organization, a building measuring 5m x 4m was built and it housed the first equipment of the OSPOSP
- Acronyms :* Independent Socialist Party * obiit sine prole, Latin phrase meaning "died without offspring"* Oblate Sisters of Providence* Off-street parking* Office of Special Plans...
: a horse-drawn fire pump as well as a number of smaller hoses and hand pumps. May 28, 1978 the original "Fireman's House" was given to the use of the village. In 2007, the OSP
OSP
- Acronyms :* Independent Socialist Party * obiit sine prole, Latin phrase meaning "died without offspring"* Oblate Sisters of Providence* Off-street parking* Office of Special Plans...
celebrated its 100 anniversary of its founding.
World War Two
During the second world war, the village was the base of a polish Home Army partisan group under the command of lieutenant Wojciech Rosolski, "Skalny". The group committed multiple acts of sabotage on the oil wells located nearby which were well planned out in order to avoid any German reprisals against the workers. The group had members who came from Turze Pole as well as the neighboring villages of Jasionów, HumniskaHumniska
Humniska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozów, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Brzozów and south of the regional capital Rzeszów....
, Zmiennica
Zmiennica
Zmiennica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozów, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of Brzozów and south of the regional capital Rzeszów....
, and Buków
Buków
Buków may refer to the following places in Poland:*Buków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Buków, Łódź Voivodeship *Buków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship *Buków, Subcarpathian Voivodeship...
. One of the unit's hideouts as well as communication points was the house of Franciszek Konopka. Konopka was a soldier during the September campaign in the 12 Kresowy Light Artillery Regiment, however he was captured by the Soviets from which he escaped and returned from the soviet occupied area of Poland back to Turze Pole by December of 1939. The house was used by the partisans when they needed to hide for a couple of days as well as the drop-off and pick-up place for the underground mail and communication network.The family of the commander of the partisan group was also actively involved in the underground conspiracy. The brother of the commander, Tadeusz Rosolski, was taken by the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
and was executed in Jasło. The group operated in the region between the cities of Krosno
Krosno
Krosno is a town and county in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland with 47,455 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009.Notably Krosno is the site of the first oil well in the world....
and Sanok
Sanok
Sanok is a town in south-eastern Poland with 39,110 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. It's the capital of Sanok County in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Previously, it was in the Krosno Voivodeship and in the Ruthenian Voivodeship , which was part of the Lesser Poland province...
. The main objective of the group was to limit the extraction of crude oil in the area. The group also undertook a number of armed actions against the Germans such as the failed attempt on the life of the local German Gendarmerie
Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military force charged with police duties among civilian populations. Members of such a force are typically called "gendarmes". The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as...
"Jocha", who was the commandant of the German police station in Haczów
Haczów
Haczów is a village in Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Haczów. It lies approximately west of Brzozów and south of the regional capital Rzeszów...
. The attempt took place in the village of Jasionów and Rosolski was the first to open fire but he had shot wide and missed the gendarmerie
Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military force charged with police duties among civilian populations. Members of such a force are typically called "gendarmes". The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as...
. Another armed attack was directed on two armored cars by three partisans, which resulted as a failure but without partisan casualties. Other active members of the resistance were local school teacher Karol Toczyński, who was active in the propaganda section of the resistance from 1942. In 1944, Rosolski was replaced by his adjutant, lieutenant Adam Hędrzak. Once the Soviets arrived, the group again faced arrests and interrogations, this time from the hands of the UB
Ub
-Places:*Ub, Serbia, a town in Serbia*Ub , a river in Serbia*UB postcode area, in London, England*Ulan Bator, Mongolia-Organizations and businesses:*UltimateBet, an online poker site*Ungermann-Bass, a computer networking company in California...
. During the occupation, the old quarries located around Patria served as a place of refuge for Jews and others who were persecuted by the Nazi regime. The local forests around Turze Pole served as hideouts for the local Home Army partisan as well as for the anti-communist group under Major Żubryd who operated in this region after the war.
Recent History
In the years of 1989-1991 the parish church, Church of the Invocation of Divine Mercy, was built under the direction of architects Zdzisław Wojdanowski and Lucjan Krynicki from Brzozów. In the years of 1995-1996 under the initiative of the village pastor, Fr.Henryk Hazik, a monographMonograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
of the village was created.
Important Figures from Turze Pole
In 1941, professor. Dr. Valerian Pańko was born in Turze Pole. He was a lawyer, president of Supreme Chamber of Control of the Republic of Poland who died in a mysterious car accident on October 7, 1991 during the investigation of the controversial FOZZ affair, which he was heading at the time. Since 1980, he was involved in the activities of the trade union SolidaritySolidarity
Solidarity is a Polish trade union federation that emerged on August 31, 1980 at the Gdańsk Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first non-communist party-controlled trade union in a Warsaw Pact country. Solidarity reached 9.5 million members before its September 1981 congress...
. He was an advisor during strikes in Rzeszow as well as in Ustrzyki Dolne. He is buried next to his father in the neighboring village of Jasionów.
See also
- BrzozówBrzozówBrzozów is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 7,677 inhabitants . It is situated in Subcarpathian Voivodeship and is the seat of both Brzozów County and the smaller administrative district of Gmina Brzozów...
- Gmina BrzozówGmina BrzozówGmina Brzozów is an urban-rural gmina in Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzozów, which lies approximately south of the regional capital Rzeszów....
- HaczówHaczówHaczów is a village in Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Haczów. It lies approximately west of Brzozów and south of the regional capital Rzeszów...
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz
- Galicia (Central Europe)