Gendarmerie

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Gendarmerie

A gendarmerie or gendarmery (or after the French) is a military

Military

A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
body charged with police

Police

Police are agents or agencies, usually of the executive , empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimized use of force....
duties among civilian populations. The members of such a body are called gendarme

Gendarme

Gendarme can mean:* Gendarme : a horseman, usually of noble birth, belonging to the cavalry of the French army in the late-Medieval to Early Modern periods of European history...
s. The term maréchaussée
Marshal

Marshal is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. The word derives from Old High German marah "horse" and schalh "servant", and originally meant "stable keeper"....
(or marshalcy) may also be used (e.g., Royal Marechaussee) but is now uncommon, except in the Netherlands.

word gendarme comes from Old French

Old French

Old French was the Romance languages dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300....
gens d'armes, meaning men-at-arms

Man-at-arms

Man-at-arms was a medieval term for a soldier, almost always a professional. It was most often used to refer to men in a knight's or Lord's retinue who were well-equipped and well-trained ....
.

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Encyclopedia

A gendarmerie or gendarmery (or after the French) is a military

Military

Police

Gendarme

Etymology

The word gendarme comes from Old French

Old French

Man-at-arms

Man-at-arms was a medieval term for a soldier, almost always a professional. It was most often used to refer to men in a knight's or Lord's retinue who were well-equipped and well-trained ....
. Historically, during the Late Medieval to the Early Modern period, the term referred to a heavily armoured cavalryman of noble birth, primarily serving in the French army (see Gendarme (historical)

Gendarme (historical)

A gendarme was a heavy cavalryman of noble birth, primarily serving in the France army from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern periods of European History....
). The word gained policing connotations after the French Revolution

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
when the Maréchaussée of the Ancien Régime

Ancien Régime

Ancien R?gime refers primarily to the aristocracy, sociology, and politics system established in France under the Valois Dynasty and House of Bourbon dynasties ....
was renamed the Gendarmerie. Before this, a gendarmerie was known as a maréchaussée (marshalcy).

In the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, there is a body called Her Majesty's Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms

Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms

Her Majesty's Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms is a Sovereign's Bodyguard to the British monarchy....
. Gentlemen at Arms is a near etymological equivalent to the term gendarme. This body is, however, purely ceremonial and is not considered a gendarmerie.

Historically the spelling in English is gendarmery, but the French spelling gendarmerie is now more common. The Oxford English Dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary , published by the Oxford University Press , is a comprehensive dictionary of the English language. Two fully-bound print editions of the OED have been published under its current name, in 1928 and 1989; as of December 2008 the dictionary's current editors have completed a quarter of the third edition....
(OED) still uses gendarmery as the principal spelling while Merriam-Webster

Merriam-Webster

Merriam?Webster, which was originally the G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, is an United States company that publishes reference books, especially dictionary that are descendants of Noah Webster An American Dictionary of the English Language ....
uses gendarmerie as the principal spelling.

Title and status

These forces are normally titled "gendarmerie", but gendarmeries may bear other titles, for instance Carabinier

Carabinier

A Carabinier was originally a cavalry soldier armed with a carbine . The word is derived from the identical French language word carabinier....
s in Italy

Italy

Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
, or Guardia Civil

Civil Guard (Spain)

The Guardia Civil is the Spain gendarmerie: it is a police force that has both military and civilian functions. It has foreign peace-keeping missions and maintains military status and is the equivalent of a federal paramilitary police....
in Spain

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
.

Some forces which are no longer considered military retain the title "gendarmerie" for reasons of tradition. For instance, the French language title of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is the federal police, national police, and paramilitary police force of Canada, and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world....
is Gendarmerie royale du Canada (GRC) (i.e., Royal Gendarmerie of Canada) because it was traditionally a military force (although not part of the army) and because it retains the honorific status of a military force. The Argentine Gendarmerie

Argentine National Gendarmerie

The Argentine National Gendarmerie is the gendarmerie and corps of border guards of Argentina.The Argentine National Gendarmerie has a strength of 12,000....
is a military force (in terms of training, identity and public perception, and it was involved in combat in the Falklands War

Falklands War

The Falklands War , also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the disputed Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands....
), but for legal purposes is a "security force", not an "armed force", because this is necessary under Argentine law in order to allow jurisdiction over the civilian population.

Since every country uses institutional terms such as "gendarmerie" as it wishes, there are cases in which the term may become confusing. For instance, the Swiss

Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
cantonal

Cantons of Switzerland

File:Karte 13 Alte Orte.pngThe 26 cantons of Switzerland are the State s of the federation of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereignty state with its own borders, army and currency until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848....
"gendarmeries" are not military, and are in fact the uniformed police of French-speaking cantons. In Chile, confusingly, the word "gendarmerie" can for historic reasons be used to refer to the prison service, while as previously mentioned the actual gendarmerie force is called the "carabineros".

As a result of their duties within the civilian population, gendarmeries are sometimes described as "para-military" rather than "military

Military

A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
" forces (essentially in the English-speaking world where policing is rarely associated with military forces) although this description rarely corresponds to their official status and capabilities. Gendarmes are often deployed in military situations, sometimes in their own country, and often in humanitarian deployments abroad.

A gendarmerie may come under the authority of a ministry of defence (e.g., Italy

Italy

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
and Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
), or even both at once (e.g., India

India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, Chile

Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
, France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
and Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
). Generally there is some coordination between a ministry of defence and a ministry of the interior over the use of gendarmes.

Gendarmeries are police services, but in many countries (e.g., France) the word "police" normally implies civilian police. Gendarmeries are military police

Military police

Military police are normally the police of a military organization.Military police may refer to:* a section of the military solely responsible for policing the armed forces ...
, however the term "military police" can be misleading, since in English it carries strong implications of policing within the military ("provost

Provost (military police)

Provosts are military police whose duties are policing solely within the Armed Forces, as opposed to Gendarmerie duties in the civilian population. However, many countries use their gendarmerie for provost duties....
" policing), which is not the basic purpose of a gendarmerie (although in many countries it is a task which gendarmes carry out). In countries where the gendarmerie and civilian police co-exist there may exist rivalries and tensions between the forces. There may also be different reputations, gendarmeries are often more appreciated by the population than civilian polices.

In some cases, a police service's military links are ambiguous and it can be unclear whether a force should be defined as a gendarmerie or not, (e.g., Mexico's

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
Policia Federal Preventiva
Federal Preventive Police

The Federal Preventive Police or PFP, is the uniformed federal police force of Mexico. The agency is directed by the Secretary of Public Security....
, Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
ian Polícia Militar
Polícia Militar

The Military Police is the name of the preventive state police forces in Brazil. Each of the states of Brazil has their own corps of military police, which carries out preventive police duties, while the "Brazilian Civil Police" carries out detective work, forensics and criminal investigation....
, or the former South African Police

South African Police Service

The South African Police Service is the national police force of the Republic of South Africa.The SAP was renamed the South African Police Service , and the Ministry of Law and Order was renamed the Ministry of Safety and Security, in keeping with these symbolic reforms....
until 1994). Services such as the Italian Guardia di Finanza

Guardia di Finanza

The Guardia di Finanza, is an Italy police force under the authority of the Minister of Economy and Finance. Although it retains military status unlike the Carabinieri it is part of the Military of Italy....
would not normally be defined as a gendarmerie (but at times might be) since the service is both of ambiguous military status and does not have general policing duties in the civilian population. In Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the Interior Troops

Internal Troops

Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs is a paramilitary national guard like force in the now-defunct Soviet Union and its successor countries, particularly, in Russia and Ukraine....
are military units with quasi-police duties.

In comparison to civilian police forces, gendarmeries may provide a more disciplined force whose military capabilities (e.g., armored group in France with armored personnel carriers

Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé

The V?hicule de l'Avant Blind? or VAB is an armoured personnel carrier designed by the Euro Mobilit? Division of Nexter of France. It entered service in 1976 and around 5000 were produced....
) make them more capable of dealing with armed groups and with all types of violence (e.g., India's Rapid Action Force

Rapid Action Force

The Rapid Action Force is a specialised wing of the Indian CRPF . It was established on 11 December 1991 and became fully operational in October 1992, to deal with riots & related unrest....
specializes in riot control and counter-terrorism). On the other hand, the necessity of a more stringent selection process for military service, especially in terms of physical prowess and health, restricts the pool of potential recruits in comparison to those a civilian police force could select from.

Gendarmeries may also provide various military or police services. For instance in France, the gendarmerie is in charge of crowd and riot control (Gendarmerie Mobile
Mobile Gendarmerie

The Mobile Gendarmerie is a subdivision of the French Gendarmerie. It was created in 1921, although anti-riot police units date back to the beginning of the 19th century....
, along with some corresponding units in the civilian police), counter-terrorism and hostage rescue (GIGN, again along with some corresponding units in the civilian police), maritime surveillance, police at sea and coast guard (Gendarmerie maritime), control and security at airports and air traffic police (Gendarmerie des transports aériens), official buildings guard, honorary services and protection of the President

President of the French Republic

The President of the French Republic colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France's elected Head of State....
(Garde Républicaine
French Republican Guard

The Republican Guard is the ceremonial unit of the French Gendarmerie. It consists of two infantry regiments and a horse cavalry regiment. It also has four Military band, as well as groups demonstrating prowess in horseback or motorcycle maneuvers....
), mountain rescue (Peloton de Gendarmerie de Haute Montagne) and security of nuclear weapons sites.

French Republican Guard Cavalry Dsc03152

The use of military organisations to police civilian populations is common to many time periods and cultures. Although it cannot be considered a French concept, the French gendarmerie has been the most influential model of such an organisation.

Many countries that were once under French influence have a gendarmerie. For instance, both Belgium

Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
and Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
had gendarmeries through Napoleonic influence, but both these gendarmeries, have merged with the civil police, in 2001 and 2005 respectively. Many former French colonies, especially in Africa

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
, also have gendarmeries.

A common gendarmerie symbol is a flaming grenade, which was first used as a gendarmerie symbol by the French.

Role in modern conflict

Gendarmes play an important role re-establishing law and order in conflict areas, a task which is suited to their purpose, training and capabilities. Gendarmeries are widely used in peacekeeping operations, for instance in the former Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia

File:LocationYugoslavia2.pngYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century....
.

List of gendarmeries

List of modern gendarmeries


Country	English name	Native-language name	Notes
Algeria Algeria Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....	National Gendarmerie	Gendarmerie Nationale	Nicknamed "El Dark El Watani"
Argentina Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....	Argentine National Gendarmerie Argentine National Gendarmerie The Argentine National Gendarmerie is the gendarmerie and corps of border guards of Argentina.The Argentine National Gendarmerie has a strength of 12,000....	Gendarmería Nacional Argentina
Belarus Belarus Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north....	Special Purpose Police Squad OMON OMON is a generic name for the system of special units of militsiya within the Russian and earlier the Soviet Union MVD . As of 2008, there is an OMON unit in every oblast of Russia, as well as in many major cities; for example, there is an OMON unit within the Moscow City police department, and a separate unit within Moscow Oblast poli...	Otryad Militsii Osobogo Naznacheniya (????? ??????? ??????? ??????????)
Benin Benin Benin , officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north; its short coastline to the south leads to the Bight of Benin....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Bhutan Bhutan The Kingdom of Bhutan is a landlocked nation in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains and is bordered to the south, east and west by India and to the north by the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China....	Royal Bhutan Police Royal Bhutan Police The Royal Bhutan Police is the national police of Bhutan, responsible for maintaining law and order and prevention of crime. It was instituted on 1 September, 1965 with 555 personnel reassigned from the Royal Bhutan Army....
Brazil Brazil Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....	National Public Security Force National Public Security Force The National Force of Public Safety , created in 2004, is a joint cooperation of various Brazilian Public Safety forces, co-ordinated by the National Secretariat of Public Safety , of the Ministry of Justice.... Military Police	Força Nacional de Segurança Polícia Militar	The Military Police are civilian (public order) police
Bulgaria Bulgaria The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....	National Gendarmerie Service	Zhandarmeriya (???????????)
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Burkina Faso , also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and C?te d'Ivoire to the south west....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Burundi Burundi Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi, is a small country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the south and east, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Cambodia Cambodia The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in South East Asia with a population of over 13 million people. The kingdom's capital and largest city is Phnom Penh....	Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodia Royal Cambodian Armed Forces The Royal Cambodian Armed Forces consists of the Supreme Command Headquarters located in Phnom Penh, three distinct forces, the Army, Navy, Air Force and the military police....
Cameroon Cameroon The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary state of central and western Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Canada Canada Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....	Royal Canadian Mounted Police Royal Canadian Mounted Police The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is the federal police, national police, and paramilitary police force of Canada, and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world....	Gendarmerie Royale du Canada	Civilian status
Central African Republic Central African Republic The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the east, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west....	Gendarmerie
Chad Chad Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Chile Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....	Carabiniers of Chile Carabineros de Chile Carabineros de Chile are the uniformed Chilean national police force and gendarmery, created on April 27, 1927. Their mission is to maintain order and create public respect for the laws of the country....	Carabineros de Chile
China China China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....	People's Armed Police People's Armed Police The People's Armed Police Force is a paramilitary force primarily responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue duties in the People's Republic of China, as well as provide support to PLA during wartime....	Zhongguó Rénmín Wuzhuang Jingchá Bùduì (??????????)
Comoros Comoros The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel between northern Madagascar and northeastern Mozambique....	Gendarmerie
Costa Rica Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east....	Public Force Military of Costa Rica On December 1, 1948, List of Presidents of Costa Rica Jos? Figueres Ferrer of Costa Rica abolished the country's army after victory in Costa Rican Civil War in that year....	Fuerza Pública
Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo , is a country in central Africa with a small length of Atlantic coastline. It is the third largest list of African countries in order of geographical area....	Gendarmerie
Djibouti Djibouti Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast....	Gendarmerie
Egypt Egypt Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....	Central Security Forces Central Security Forces The 350,000 strong Central Security Forces are an Egyptian paramilitary force which is responsible for the security of public buildings, foreign embassies and missions, and major tourist hotels and sites....
France France France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....	Gendarmerie Nationale Gendarmerie Nationale (France) In France, the National Gendarmerie is the national gendarmerie and military police force. It has a strength of 105,389 personnel. Its budget in 2008 is around 7.7 billion euros....	National Gendarmerie
Gabon Gabon Gabon is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with the Gulf of Guinea to the west, Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, and Cameroon to the north, with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Federal Police	Bundespolizei
Guinea Guinea Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa formerly known as French Guinea. The country's current population is estimated at 10,211,437 ....	Gendarmerie
Hungary Hungary Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....	Service of Law Enforcement and Public Safety Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat *Rend?szeti Biztons?gi Szolg?lat* is a part of the Hungarian National Police which is very similar to Western-European Gendarmerie-type police forces....	Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat
India India India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....	Corps of Military Police Corps of Military Police The Corps of Military Police is the Provost of the Indian Army. In addition, the CMP is trained to handle prisoners of war and to regulate traffic, as well as to handle basic telecommunication equipment such as telephone exchanges.... Central Reserve Police Force Central Reserve Police Force The Central Reserve Police Force is a paramilitary security agency/Force functioning under the aegis of Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.... Indian Home Guard Indian Home Guard The Indian Home Guard is an Paramilitary forces of India which is tasked as an auxiliary to the Indian Police.The Home Guards Organization was reorganised in India in 1962 after the external Aggression by the People's Republic of China, though it existed in smaller units individually in some places.... Railway Protection Force Railway Protection Force The Railway Protection force is an Indian Paramilitary Force charged with protecting the Indian Railways.The duties of the Railway Protection Force includes:...		The Military Police Corps (nicknamed Red Berets) is a component of the Indian Army Indian Army The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Indian Armed Forces of India and has the responsibility for army military operations. Its primary objectives include defending India from external aggression, maintaining peace and security within the country, patrolling borders and conducting counter-terrorist operations.... . The Central Reserve Police Force, including its specialized wing the Rapid Action Force Rapid Action Force The Rapid Action Force is a specialised wing of the Indian CRPF . It was established on 11 December 1991 and became fully operational in October 1992, to deal with riots & related unrest.... , Railway Protection Force and Indian Home Guard are components of the paramilitary forces of India.
Iraq Iraq Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....	National Police Iraqi Police The Iraqi Police Service are the uniformed Territorial police force responsible for the Law enforcement of civil law within Iraq. The current organisation, structure and recruitment practice was guided by the Coalition Provisional Authority following the 2003 invasion of Iraq....		Not to be confused with civilian Iraqi Police Service, although at present both are highly militarised
Israel Israel Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....	Israel Border Police Israel Border Police The Israel Border Police is the military branch of the Israeli Police. It is also commonly known by its Hebrew abbreviation Magav , meaning border guard, whilst its members are colloquially known as Magavnikim ....	Mishmar HaGvul
Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....	Carabinier Corps Carabinieri The Arma dei Carabinieri is the national gendarmerie of Italy, policing both the military and civilian populations. The Carabinieri is now a branch of armed forces , thus ending their long standing role as the first corps of the Italian army....	Arma dei Carabinieri
Ivory Coast	Gendarmerie
Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....	Lebanese Gendarmerie	Amen el Dakhli	Nicknamed "El Darak"
Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the List of islands by area, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are Endemism to Madagascar....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Mali Mali Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the C?te d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Mauritania Mauritania Mauritania , officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Senegal on the southwest, by Mali on the east and southeast, by Algeria on the northeast, and by the Morocco-controlled Western Sahara on the northwest....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....	Federal Preventive Police Federal Preventive Police The Federal Preventive Police or PFP, is the uniformed federal police force of Mexico. The agency is directed by the Secretary of Public Security....	Policia Federal Preventiva	Civilian status, but largely composed of military personnel transferred en masse from the Mexican army Mexican Army The Mexican Army is the land branch and largest of the Military of Mexico services; it also is known as the National Defence Army. It is famous for having been the first army to adopt and use an automatic rifle Mondrag?n in 1899, and the first to issue automatic weapons as standard issue weapons, in 1910.... 's 3rd Military Police Brigade
Moldova Moldova Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south....	Carabinier Troops Trupele de Carabinieri *Trupele de Carabinieri* is the Gendarmerie-type force of the Republic of Moldova....	Trupele de Carabinieri
Monaco Monaco Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a small sovereign city-state located in South Western Europe . The territory lies on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea....	Prince's Company of Carabiniers Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince The Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince is the main ceremonial unit of the Military of Monaco. Although Monaco's defence is the responsibility of France, it maintains a small force for the protection of the Sovereign Prince of Monaco....	Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince	The Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers Military of Monaco The Principality of Monaco, which is the world's second smallest nation , has a very limited military capability, and would depend entirely upon its larger neighbour, France, for defence in the face of an aggressive world power.... provide an armed support service
Morocco Morocco Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....	Royal Gendarmerie Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie is the Gendarmerie body of Morocco....	Gendarmerie Royale (????? ??????)
Netherlands Netherlands The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....	Royal Marshals Koninklijke Marechaussee The Royal Marechaussee, in Dutch language Koninklijke Marechaussee, abbreviated to KMar, is one of the four military bodies of the Netherlands....	Koninklijke Marechaussee
Niger Niger Niger , officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east....	National Police of Niger Military of Niger File:Niger Army 322nd Parachute Regiment.jpgThe Niger Armed Forces comprises both the military and national police services of the West African nation of Niger, totaling around 12,000 personnel....		Includes the National Gendarmerie Gendarmerie Nationale (Niger) The Gendarmerie Nationale is the national paramilitary police force of Niger. One of two sections of the National Police , which also includes and the Nigerien Internal Security Forces .... and the Niger Internal Security Forces.
Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...	Pakistan Rangers Pakistan Rangers The Pakistan Rangers are a Paramilitary forces of Pakistan under the control of the ministory of interior government of pakistan.there are two parts... Frontier Corps Frontier Corps The Frontier Corps is a federal Paramilitary forces of Pakistan recruited mostly by people from the tribal areas and officered by officers from the Pakistan Army.... Mehran Force
Poland	Military Gendarmerie Military Gendarmerie The Military Gendarmerie is a military provost formation created in 1990 in Poland....	Zandarmeria Wojskowa
Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....	Portuguese National Republican Guard Portuguese National Republican Guard The Portugal National Republican Guard is the Portuguese gendarmerie. Members of the GNR are soldiers, who, unlike the officers of the Public Security Police , are subject to military law and organisation....	Guarda Nacional Republicana
Romania Romania Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....	Romanian Gendarmerie Jandarmeria Româna *Jandarmeria Rom?na* is the military branch of the two Romanian police forces .The gendarmerie is subordinated to the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform but, unusually for gendarmeries, does not have responsibility for policing the Romanian Armed Forces....	Jandarmeria Româna
Russia Russia Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....	Special Purpose Police Squad OMON OMON is a generic name for the system of special units of militsiya within the Russian and earlier the Soviet Union MVD . As of 2008, there is an OMON unit in every oblast of Russia, as well as in many major cities; for example, there is an OMON unit within the Moscow City police department, and a separate unit within Moscow Oblast poli... Internal Troops Internal Troops (Russia) Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs is a paramilitary national guard like force in the now-defunct Soviet Union and its successor countries, particularly, in Russia and Ukraine....	Otryad Militsii Osobogo Naznacheniya (????? ??????? ??????? ??????????) Vnutrenniye Voiska Ministerstva Vnutrennikh Del (?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???)
Rwanda Rwanda The Republic of Rwanda is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania....	Gendarmerie
San Marino San Marino The Most Serene Republic of San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. It is a landlocked country Enclave and exclave, completely surrounded by Italy....	Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino The Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino are the gendarmerie force responsible for law enforcement in San Marino, under the control of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Politics.... Guard of the Rock Guardia di Rocca The Guardia di Rocca are a front-line military unit in the Military of San Marino, who also carry out day to day law enforcement duties....	Gendarmeria Guardia di Rocca
Senegal Senegal Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the S?n?gal River in West Africa. Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....	Gendarmerie Gendarmerie (Serbia) The ?andarmerija is the gendarmerie of Serbia, Dissolved at the end of World War II, it was reestablished on 28 June 2001, by the Interior Minister Du?an Mihailovic....	Žandarmerija (????????????)
Spain Spain Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....	Civil Guard Civil Guard (Spain) The Guardia Civil is the Spain gendarmerie: it is a police force that has both military and civilian functions. It has foreign peace-keeping missions and maintains military status and is the equivalent of a federal paramilitary police....	Guardia Civil	The following may be considered gendarmeries in their respective communities: Basque Country: Ertzaintza Ertzaintza File:Edificio Ertzaintza.jpgErtzaintza is the police force of the Basque Country , one of the autonomous communities of Spain. An Ertzaintza member is an ertzaina.... Navarre Navarre Navarre is a region in northern Spain, constituting one of its autonomous communities in Spain - the "Foral Community of Navarre" .... : Foruzaingoa Policía Foral The Polic?a Foral are a regional police force for the Navarre Autonomous communities of Spain of Spain. It operates across the region, and was founded from a traffic police unit set up by the Provincial Council of Navarre in 1928.... Catalonia Catalonia Catalonia , is an Autonomous Community in northeast Spain.Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km? and has an official population of 7,210,508. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east .... : Mossos d'Esquadra Mossos d'Esquadra Mossos d'Esquadra is the police force of Catalonia , one of the autonomous communities of Spain, along with the Polic?a Municipal. It is one of the oldest civil police forces in Europe, founded in the 18th century as the 'Esquadres de Catalunya' to protect the people of Catalonia....
Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....	Border Guard Corps Border Guard Corps File:EU_Swiss_border_post.jpg Border Guard Corps are the federal law enforcement agency who act as both the border guard and customs service of Switzerland.... Federal Office of Police Federal Office of Police The Federal Office of Police or fedpol of Switzerland is subject to the Federal Department of Justice and Police. It is responsible for the coordination between cantonal police corps and between Swiss and foreign police forces....		Both have civilian status. (The cantonal police Cantonal police The Cantonal police are the law enforcement agencies for each of the 26 Swiss Cantons of Switzerland. Law enforcement in Switzerland is mainly a responsibility of the 26 cantons of Switzerland, who each operate cantonal police agencies.... of the French-speaking canton Cantons of Switzerland File:Karte 13 Alte Orte.pngThe 26 cantons of Switzerland are the State s of the federation of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereignty state with its own borders, army and currency until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848.... s are called gendarmerie, but do not fit any of the criteria.)
Togo Togo Togo is a narrow country in West Africa bordering Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lom? is located....	Gendarmerie Nationale	National Gendarmerie
Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....	Gendarmerie	Jandarma Genel Komutanligi
Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....	Internal Troops Internal Troops of Ukraine The Internal Troops of Ukraine is the uniformed gendarmerie-like force in Ukraine. Internal Troops are subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and is used to deal with large-scale crowd controls, internal armed conflicts and to safeguard important facilities such as nuclear power plants....	Vnutrisni Viys'ka Ukrayiny (????????? ??????? ???????)
Vatican City Vatican City Vatican City , officially the State of the Vatican City , is a Landlocked country sovereignty city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the Capital of Italy....	Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City The *Corpo della Gendarmeria dello Stato della Citt? del Vaticano* is the gendarmerie, or police and security force, of Vatican City. The corps is responsible for security, public order, border control, Road traffic control, Criminal procedure, and other general police duties in Vatican City....	Corpo della Gendarmeria dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
Europe Europe Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....	European Gendarmerie Force European Gendarmerie Force The European Gendarmerie Force or EGF was launched by an agreement in 2006 between five members of the European Union: France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands....		Formed by five members of the European Union: France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, the purpose was the creation of a European intervention force which would have gendarmerie functions and be specialized in crisis management. More countries will be allowed to join in the future.

List of former gendarmeries

Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
: Bundesgendarmerie (1849–2005) Became basis of Austrian Bundespolizei
Federal Police (Austria)

The Federal Police is the law enforcement agency of Austria. The official name of the Federal Police is 'Bundespolizei', however it is only used in formal situations....
in 2005
Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
: Gendarmerie/Rijkswacht
Belgian Gendarmerie

The Belgian Gendarmerie was a paramilitary gendarmerie-type police force of Belgium until January 1, 2001, when it was, together with the other police forces in Belgium, abolished and replaced by the Belgian police....
(civilian status from 1991; abolished and merged with federal police in 2001)
Colombia
Colombia

Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....
: From 1906 to 1909 the Colombian government created the National Gendarmerie Corps (Cuerpo de Gendarmeria Nacional) intended to function decentralized from the National Police command and more militarized regime, managed by the Ministry of War
Ministry of War

A Ministry of War or Ministry for War is an administrative, supply and services agency of an army, as opposed to the entire military establishment....
. In 1909 General Jorge Holguín
Jorge Holguín

Jorge Holgu?n was a Colombian politician and military officer, two time Acting President of Colombia for the periods between June, 1909 to August of the same year as interim president, and from November, 1921 to August, 1922....
suppressed the National Gendarmerie Corps and he gave the provincial governors were given the authority to organize police service at their own will.
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 until 1992 . On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
: Ceskoslovenské cetnictvo (1918-1939)
Crete
Crete

Crete is the largest of the Greek islands and the List of islands in the Mediterranean largest island in the Mediterranean Sea at 8,336 km? ....
: Cretan Gendarmerie
Cretan Gendarmerie

The Cretan Gendarmerie was a gendarmerie force created under the Cretan State, after the island of Crete gained autonomy from Ottoman Empire rule in the late 19th century....
Denmark
Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
: Grænsegendarmeriet (1838–1958), De Blå Gendarmer (1885–1897)
El Salvador
El Salvador

El Salvador is the smallest country in the Americas and Central America by size, and the most densely populated nation in Central America. It borders on the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras....
: Guardia Nacional
National Guard (El Salvador)

The Guardia Nacional of El Salvador was the El Salvador gendarmerie. It was founded in 1912 by President Dr. Manuel Enrique Araujo. Many of its members, as for example Rodolfo L?pez Sibri?n, "Fosforillo", were involved in human rights abuses during the Salvadoran dictatorships....
Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
: Gendarmerie or Landjäger in some territories until the mid-20th century, Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz) until 1994
Greece
Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
:

Chorofilaki
Greek Gendarmerie

The Greek Gendarmerie was the national gendarmerie and military police force of Greece....
merged in 1984 with Astinomia Poleon and formed the current Greek Police
Greek Police

The Hellenic Police is the national police of Greece.The force was established in 1984 under Law 1481/1-10-1984 as the result of the fusion of the Greek Gendarmerie and the City Police forces....
elliniki astinomia
Cretan Gendarmerie
Cretan Gendarmerie

The Cretan Gendarmerie was a gendarmerie force created under the Cretan State, after the island of Crete gained autonomy from Ottoman Empire rule in the late 19th century....
- merged into the Greek Gendarmerie in the 1800s

Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
: Csendorség (until 1945), after the change of the regime in 1989, a gendarmerie-type police force within the frameworks of the Hungarian National Police: Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat
Iran
Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
: Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
Persian Central Government Gendarmerie

Perisan Government Gendarmerie also commonly known as The Swedish Gendarmerie of Persia played a significant part in politics from 1910 until 1921....
1911-1921, Amniyeh Kol-e Mamlekati 1921-1943, GENMISH 1943-1957, State Gendarmerie 1957-1979, Islamic Republic of Iran Gendarmerie 1979-1990, gendarmerie dissolved in 1990.
Italian East Africa
Italian East Africa

Italian East Africa was a short-lived Italian colony in Africa consisting of Ethiopia and the established colonies of Italian Somaliland and Eritrea held in the name of Victor Emmanuel III of the Kingdom of Italy ....
: Italian Africa Police
Italian Africa Police

The Italian Africa Police . After the end of the war in Ethiopia in late 1936 early 1937, the Corps of "Polizia Coloniale" was created to be the police in the colonies in Africa and it started issuing its own license plates in Mach 1938....
Italian Salò republic: Italian National Republican Guard
Italian National Republican Guard

The Italian Republican National Guard was a paramilitary force of the Italian Social Republic which replaced the Carabinieri and the MVSN. It was constituted by the decree of 8 December 1943 which appointed General Renato Ricci as commandant....
Italian Somaliland
Italian Somaliland

Italian Somaliland was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy from the 1880s until 1941 in the territory of the modern-day Horn of Africa nation of Somalia....
: Somalia Gendarmerie (British military administration, WWII
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
)
Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
:

Kempeitai
Kempeitai

The Kempeitai In World War II Allied propaganda, the Kempeitai was often called the "Japanese Gestapo"....
(literally, corps of law soldiers), part of the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army , or literally Army of Empire of Greater Japan was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945....
were established in 1881 as a French-style gendarmerie, and disbanded in 1945.
The Tokeitai
Tokeitai

The was the Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, they were equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai. They were also the smallest military police service....
(???, Tokkeitai?, Naval Secret Police) was the Imperial Japanese Navy
Imperial Japanese Navy

The origins of the Imperial Japanese Navy trace back to early interactions with nations on the Asia, beginning in the early history of Japan#Feudal Japan and reaching a peak of activity during the 16th and 17th centuries at a time of cultural diffusion with European power during the Age of Discovery....
's military police, they were equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai. They were also the smallest military police service.
Special Higher Police (??????, Tokubetsu Koto Keisatsu?), often shortened to Tokko
Tokko

', often shortened to ' was a police force established in 1911 in Japan, specifically to investigate and control political groups and ideologies deemed to be a threat to public order....
(??, Tokko ?) was a police force established in 1911 in Japan, specifically to investigate and control political groups and ideologies deemed to be a threat to public order. Its main function was as a civilian counterpart to the military's Kempeitai,
National Rural Police- National force in Japan until formation of JSDF and NPA
National Police Agency (Japan)

The is an Government agency administered by the National Public Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office in the cabinet of Japan, and is the central coordinating agency of the Police system of Japan....

Luxembourg
Luxembourg

Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany....
: Luxembourg Gendarmerie
Luxembourg Gendarmerie

The Grand Ducal Gendarmerie was a French-style gendarmerie force in the Luxembourg that was responsible for law enforcement in the countyside. It was formed on February 3, 1733, "to fight the plague of the vagrants and people without consent"....
Gendarmerie Grand-Ducale (merged with police in 2000)
Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
: Rurales
Rurales

Rurales was the name commonly used to designate the Mexico Guardia Rural : a force of mounted police or gendarmerie that existed between 1861 and 1914....
(Spanish for "Rurals") was the name commonly used to designate the Mexican Guardia Rural (Rural Guard): a force of mounted police or gendarmerie that existed between 1861 and 1914. In modern Mexico the name is applied to members of a part-time Rural Defence Corps
Palestine (British Mandate): Palestine Gendarmerie, was replaced with the Transjordan Frontier Force
Transjordan Frontier Force

The Transjordan Frontier Force was formed, on 1 April 1926, as an Imperial Service regiment.Imperial service soldiers agreed to serve wherever required and not just within the borders of their own colony, protectorate or, in the case of the Transjordan, mandate....
on 1 April 1926.
Philippines
Philippines

The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
: Philippine Constabulary
Philippine Constabulary

The 'Philippine Constabulary' was the oldest of the four service commands of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It was a gendarmerie type para-military police force of the Philippines established in 1901 by the United States-appointed administrative authority....
(1901-1991) until it became the basis of the present Philippine National Police
Philippine National Police

The Philippine National Police is the national police force of the Republic of the Philippines. It is both a national and a local police force in that it provides all law enforcement services throughout the Philippines....
)
Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
: Special Corps of Gendarmes
Special Corps of Gendarmes

The Special Corps of Gendarmes was the uniformed security police of the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its main responsibilities were law enforcement and state security....
(1836–1917)
US Forces
United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
in West Germany
West Germany

West Germany was the common English name for the Germany , from its formation in May 1949 to German reunification in October 1990, when East Germany was dissolved and its States of Germany became part of the Federal Republic, ending the more than 40-year division of Germany....
: United States Constabulary
United States Constabulary

The United States Constabulary was a United States Army military Constabulary force. From 1946 to 1952, in the aftermath of World War II, it acted as an occupation and security force in the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany of West Germany and Austria....
(1946–1952)
United States Indian Territory
Indian Territory

The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States for the use of Native Americans in the United States....
:

Lighthorse
Lighthorse (American Indian police)

Lighthorse was the name given by the Five Civilized Tribes of the United States to their mounted police force. The Lighthorse were generally organized into companies and assigned to different districts....
: the name given by the Five Civilized Tribes
Five Civilized Tribes

The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native Americans in the United States nations, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek , and Seminole, considered civilized by white settlers during that time period because they adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors....
of the United States to their mounted police force.
The US Army's cavalry performed gendarme duties until the advent of law and order.

Persia (Swedich mandate): Gendarmerie Gouvernementale (1911-1916)

Gendarmerie

Etymology

Title and status

Role in modern conflict

List of gendarmeries

List of modern gendarmeries

List of former gendarmeries

See also