Turbonillinae
Encyclopedia
Turbonillinae is a subfamily of mostly minute parasitic sea snail
s, marine
gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae
, the pyrams and their allies.
, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) Turbonillinae is a part of the family Turbonillidae.
According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) there are 27 genera within the Turbonillinae.
Turbonillinae has been one of eleven recognised subfamilies in the family Pyramidellidae
(according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
).
In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi
(2005), this subfamily comprises the subfamilies Cingulininae and Eulimellinae, that have been downgraded to the rank of tribe
.
In 2010 the subfamily Turbonillinae has been recognized as monophyletic
tribe Turbonillini
tribe Cingulinini
tribe Eulimellini
tribe ?
(= Turbonillini + Cingulinini + Eulimellini):
The genus Ebala
was previously placed in the Eulimellinae, but was then placed in the family Ebalidae, that is a synonym of Murchisonellidae
.
, which is pointed sideways. The shell of most species are rather high and slender.
The texture of these shells is usually ribbed sculptured
in various forms and often also have more or less prominent spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines.
The adult shell, the teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larva
l shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The opening of the shell, the aperture
is closed by a lid, a so called operculum
.
s.
They do not have a radula
. Instead their long proboscis
is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. Between the head and the foot, a lobed process called the mentum
(= thin projection) is visible.
These molluscs are hermaphrodite
s.
Sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....
s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...
gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs....
, the pyrams and their allies.
Taxonomy
In the taxonomy of SchanderChristoffer Schander
Christoffer Schander is professor in marine biology at the University of Bergen, Norway. He is also thematic leader at the Centre of excellence in Geobiology. He was born in Sweden in 1960. His doctoral thesis , from University of Gothenburg, Sweden, treated the evolutionary relationships of the...
, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) Turbonillinae is a part of the family Turbonillidae.
- Family Turbonillidae Bronn, 1849
- Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
- Subfamily CingulininaeCingulininaeCingulinini is a taxonomic tribe of very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae.- Taxonomy :Cingulininae was first introduced by Saurin in 1959, and according to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan it comprises seven genera; Cingulina, Cinctigua, Coemansia,...
Saurin, 1958 - Subfamily EulimellinaeEulimellinaeEulimellini is a tribe of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.- Taxonomy :According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan there are 17 genera in the Eulimellinae....
Saurin, 1958
According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) there are 27 genera within the Turbonillinae.
Turbonillinae has been one of eleven recognised subfamilies in the family Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs....
(according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs...
).
In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
(2005), this subfamily comprises the subfamilies Cingulininae and Eulimellinae, that have been downgraded to the rank of tribe
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
.
- Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
- Tribe Turbonillini Bronn, 1849
- Tribe Cingulinini Saurin, 1958
- Tribe Eulimellini Saurin, 1958
In 2010 the subfamily Turbonillinae has been recognized as monophyletic
Genera
Genera within the subfamily Turbonillinae include:tribe Turbonillini
- TurbonillaTurbonillaTurbonilla is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Turbonilla include:* Turbonilla abrardi...
Risso, 1826 - type genus of the subfamily Turbonillinae - Amamimormula Kuroda, 1928
- Asmunda Dall & Bartsch, 1904
- Bartschella Iredale, 1916
- Baldra Dall & Bartsch, 1904
- Cylindroturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972
- ExesillaExesillaExesilla is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Exesilla include:...
LaseronCharles Francis LaseronCharles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...
, 1959 - Gispyrella Laws, 1937
- Graciliturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972
- Houbrickia Wise, 1996
- Lancea Peace, 1868
- Magniturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972
- MormulaMormulaMormula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Mormula include:* Mormula chrysozona * Mormula rex...
A. AdamsArthur Adams (zoologist)Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist.Adams was assistant surgeon on board H.M.S. "Actaeon" in company with HMS Samarang in the British Navy during the survey of the Malay Archipelago, the Japan Sea, Korea and China,from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S....
, 1863 - Nisiturris Dall & Bartsch, 1906
- Paramormula Nomura, 1939
- Paraturbonilla Boettger, 1906
- Planpyrgiscus Laws, 1937
- PselliogyraPselliogyraPselliogyra is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-External links:*...
Dall & Bartsch, 1909 - Pyrgiscilla Laws, 1937
- PyrgiscusPyrgiscusPyrgiscus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Pyrgiscus include:* Pyrgiscus altenai van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996...
PhilippiRodolfo Amando PhilippiRodolfo Amando Philippi was a German-Chilean paleontologist and zoologist....
, 1841 - PyrgolamprosPyrgolamprosPyrgolampros is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-External links:*...
Sacco, 1892 - Pyrgolidium Monterosato, 1884
- Striarcana Laws, 1937
- Sulcoturbonilla Sacco, 1892
- Tereoturbonilla Eames, 1951
- ZaphellaZaphellaZaphella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Zaphella include:...
LaseronCharles Francis LaseronCharles Francis Laseron , was an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist.Charles Laseron was born on 6 December 1887 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States of America, to English parents the Rev...
, 1959
tribe Cingulinini
tribe Eulimellini
tribe ?
- KleinellaKleinellaKleinella is a small genus of sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusk or micromollusks. This genus is currently placed in the subfamily Turbonillinae.-Shell description:...
A. Adams, 1860
Problematic genera within the family Turbonillinae
The following genera were difficult to place within the subfamily TurbonillinaeTurbonillinae
Turbonillinae is a subfamily of mostly minute parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Taxonomy:...
(= Turbonillini + Cingulinini + Eulimellini):
- AtomiscalaAtomiscalaAtomiscala is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Atomiscala include:* Atomiscala islandica Warén, 1989-External links:*...
DeBoury, 1909- Atomiscala islandicaAtomiscala islandicaAtomiscala islandica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Distribution:This species occurs in the following locations:...
Warén, 1989
- Atomiscala islandica
- Hamarilla Eames & Wilkins, 1957
- PseudographisPseudographisPseudographis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Pseudographis include:* Pseudographis cachiai Mifsud, 1998-External links:*...
Mifsud, 1998- Pseudographis cachiai Mifsud, 1998
- RissopsetiaRissopsetiaRissopsetia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Rissopsetia include:* Rissopsetia hummelincki Faber, 1984...
DellRichard DellDr Richard Kenneth Dell was a New Zealand malacologist. He was born in Auckland. As a young boy, he took an interest in shells, collecting them from the shores of Waitemata Harbour. He even managed to start a "museum" in his backyard...
, 1956- Rissopsetia hummelincki Faber, 1984
- Rissopsetia islandica Warén, 1989
The genus Ebala
Ebala
Ebala is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Murchisonellidae.Members of the genus Ebala are small Ebala is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Murchisonellidae.Members of the genus Ebala are small Ebala is a genus of sea snails, marine...
was previously placed in the Eulimellinae, but was then placed in the family Ebalidae, that is a synonym of Murchisonellidae
Murchisonellidae
Murchisonellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pyramidelloidea.- 1999 taxonomy :...
.
Shell description
The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconchProtoconch
A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell of some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod...
, which is pointed sideways. The shell of most species are rather high and slender.
The texture of these shells is usually ribbed sculptured
Sculpture (mollusc)
The sculpture of a mollusc shell is the three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface, as distinct from the basic shape of the shell itself or colouration. Sculpture may be concave as well as convex. Sometimes it has microscopic detail. Sculpture refers to the calcareous outer layer, not the...
in various forms and often also have more or less prominent spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines.
The adult shell, the teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...
l shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The opening of the shell, the aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....
is closed by a lid, a so called operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
.
Life habits
The Turbonillinae are ectoparasites, feeding mainly on other molluscs and on annelid wormWorm
The term worm refers to an obsolete taxon used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, and stems from the Old English word wyrm. Currently it is used to describe many different distantly-related animals that typically have a long cylindrical...
s.
They do not have a radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...
. Instead their long proboscis
Proboscis
A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In simpler terms, a proboscis is the straw-like mouth found in several varieties of species.-Etymology:...
is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. Between the head and the foot, a lobed process called the mentum
Mentum
The mentum refers to a projecting structure near the mouth of any of several animals:#In insects, the mentum is the distal part of the labium. The mentum bears the palps, glossae, paraglossae, and/or ligula....
(= thin projection) is visible.
These molluscs are hermaphrodite
Hermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...
s.