The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet

Philippe Bouchet

Philippe Bouchet is a French scientist, a zoologist whose primary scientific field of study is malacology. He is a senior professor at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, and is head of the Malacology laboratory and the Taxonomy Collections Unit there...

 and Jean-Pierre Rocroi

Jean-Pierre Rocroi

Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a French malacologist, a scientist, a zoologist who studies mollusks. He works at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris....

 is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying

Biological classification

Biological classification, or scientific classification in biology, is a method to group and categorize organisms by biological type, such as genus or species. Biological classification is part of scientific taxonomy....

 gastropod

Gastropoda

The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca. The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to quite large...

 mollusks. (Gastropods are a taxonomic class

Class (biology)

In biological classification, class is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order...

 of animals which consists of snail

Snail

Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...

s and slug

Slug

Slug is a common name that is normally applied to any gastropod mollusc that lacks a shell, has a very reduced shell, or has a small internal shell...

s of every kind, from the land, from freshwater

Freshwater

Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and...

, and from saltwater.) The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in 2005 in the journal Malacologia

Malacologia

Malacologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, and phylogenetics.The journal specializes in publishing...

; at the time it was published it encompassed all known families of living slugs and snails, and also of fossil

Fossil

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...

 gastropods (including fossils that may or may not have been gastropods).

This is the first complete gastropod taxonomy that primarily employs the concept of clades, and is derived from research on molecular phylogenetics. In contrast, most of the older taxonomic schemes for gastropods relied on morphological features

Morphology (biology)

In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....

 to classify these animals, and used taxon

Taxon

|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...

 ranks such as order

Order (biology)

In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...

, superorder and suborder, which are typical of the modern classifications that are still inspired by Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts:# the particular form of biological classification set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturæ and subsequent works...

.

In this taxonomy, clades are used between the rank of class

Class (biology)

In biological classification, class is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order...

 and the rank of superfamily

Superfamily

The term superfamily is used to describe several different concepts in different scientific fields:* Superfamily and Superfamily : a level of biological classification; redirects to Taxonomic rank...

. The clades are unranked. Bouchet and Rocroi use six main clades: Patellogastropoda

Patellogastropoda

Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called Docoglossa, is a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, seen either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.-Taxonomy:Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R...

, Vetigastropoda

Vetigastropoda

Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order although they are a clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005....

, Cocculiniformia, Neritimorpha

Neritimorpha

Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping includes land snails, sea snails, some deepwater limpets, and also freshwater snails...

, Caenogastropoda

Caenogastropoda

Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade of a large diverse group of mostly marine gastropods.Caenogastropoda contains a majority of the families of shelled marine molluscs including such families as the periwinkles, cowries, wentletraps, moon snails, and cone snails.About 60% of all living gastropods...

, and Heterobranchia

Heterobranchia

Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs or Euthyneura, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks....

. The first three of these major clades have are no nesting clades within them: the taxonomy goes immediately to the superfamily level. Within the Caenogastropoda there is one extra clade. In contrast, within the Heterobranchia, for some of the nudibranch

Nudibranch

A nudibranch is a member of what is now a taxonomic clade, and what was previously a suborder, of soft-bodied, marine gastropod mollusks which shed their shell after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colors and striking forms...

 groups there are six separate clades above the level of superfamily, and in the case of most of the land snail

Land snail

A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...

s, there are
four clades above the level of superfamily.

In some parts of the taxonomy, instead of "clade", Bouchet and Rocroi labelled groupings of taxa as a "group" or an "informal group". A clade must by definition contain only one lineage, and it was considered to be the case that these "informal groups" may either contain more than one lineage, or only contain part of a lineage. Further research will eventually resolve these questions.

Context

Systems of classification such as this one are primarily of value to malacologists (people who study mollusks) and other biologist

Biologist

A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work...

s. Biological classification schemes are not merely a convenience, they are an attempt to show the actual phylogeny (the evolutionary relatedness) within a group of organism

Organism

In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homoeostasis as a stable whole.An organism may either be unicellular or, as in the case of humans, comprise...

s. Thus a taxonomy such as this one can be seen as an attempt to elucidate part of the tree of life

Tree of life (science)

Charles Darwin proposed that phylogeny, the evolutionary relatedness among species through time, was expressible as a metaphor he termed the Tree of Life...

, a phylogenetic tree

Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics...

.

The Bouchet & Rocroi 2005 system of gastropod taxonomy

Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...

 was laid out in a book-length paper entitled "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families", which was published in the journal Malacologia

Malacologia

Malacologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, and phylogenetics.The journal specializes in publishing...

and which was written in collaboration with J. Frýda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder

Winston Ponder

Winston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....

, Á. Valdés and A. Warén. This system supersedes the system of Ponder and Lindberg from 1997

Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs...

. Subsequent revisions by other authors

Changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005

This overview lists changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the family level and above since 2005, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of snails and slugs are classified.Changes in subfamilies...

 have been made since the publication of this paper.

The taxonomy set out by Bouchet & Rocroi is an attempt to get one step closer to representing this part of the evolutionary history of the phylum Mollusca. Bouchet & Rocroi's classification system is a hybrid of the pre-existing, more traditional Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts:# the particular form of biological classification set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturæ and subsequent works...

 along with some more recent far-reaching revisions which are based on molecular work and use clades as taxa

Taxon

|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...

, (see cladistics

Cladistics

Cladistics is a method of classifying species of organisms into groups called clades, which consist of an ancestor organism and all its descendants . For example, birds, dinosaurs, crocodiles, and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor form a clade...

). In the past, the taxonomy of gastropods was largely based on the morphological

Morphology (biology)

In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....

 characters of the taxa, such as the shell

Gastropod shell

The gastropod shell is a shell which is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, one kind of mollusc. The gastropod shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton, which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage...

 characteristics (including the protoconch

Protoconch

A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell of some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod...

) in shelled species, and the internal anatomy

Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy...

, including the structure of the radula

Radula

The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...

 and details of the reproductive system

Reproductive system of gastropods

The reproductive system of gastropods varies greatly from one group to another within this very large and diverse taxonomic class of animals...

. Recent advances are based more on the molecular characteristics of the DNA

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...

 and RNA

RNA

Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....

. This shift in emphasis has meant that the newer taxa and their hierarchy are subject to debate, a debate that is not likely to be resolved soon.

This proposed classification has tried to integrate the results of recent molecular work by using unranked clade

Clade

A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...

s for taxa below the traditional rank of class (class Gastropoda) but above the rank of superfamily

Taxonomic rank

In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...

 (replacing the ranks subclass, superorder, order, and suborder), while still using the traditional Linnaean

Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts:# the particular form of biological classification set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturæ and subsequent works...

 ranks for superfamilies and all taxa below the rank of superfamily (i.e., family, subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus, and species. The clades have been given names which are similar to, or in some cases the same as, traditional Linnaean names for taxa above the level of superfamily. Whenever monophyly

Monophyly

In common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon which forms a clade, meaning that it contains all the descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor of the members of the group. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly...

 (a single ancestry) has not yet been tested and confirmed, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has already been discovered to paraphyletic (that it excludes some of its descendants) the term "group" or "informal group" has been used. Both Linnaean taxa and clades are invalid if it turns out they are polyphyletic, in other words if they consist of more than one lineage.

In this taxonomy 611 valid families are recognized. Of these, 202 families are exclusively fossil

Fossil

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...

, and this is indicated here with a dagger †. Superfamily names are standardized so that they all end in the suffix "-oidea", also commonly used for superorders and subclasses, replacing the "-acea" ending found especially in the older literature. Classification of families into subfamilies however is often not well resolved, and should be regarded as the best possible hypothesis

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. The term derives from the Greek, ὑποτιθέναι – hypotithenai meaning "to put under" or "to suppose". For a hypothesis to be put forward as a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it...

.

The publication Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) also includes a nomenclator

Nomenclator (nomenclature)

A nomenclator is derived from the Latin nomen- name + calare - to call. In classical times it referred to a slave whose duty was to recall the names of persons his master met during a political campaign...

 of about 2400 suprageneric taxa (taxa above the level of genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

) of gastropods, from the subtribe to the superfamily. A full bibliographic reference is provided for each taxon, giving the name of the authority, the original publication, the date of that publication, the type genus for the taxon, its nomenclatural status, and its validity under the rules of the ICZN

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals...

.

Since the publication of this taxonomic system in 2005, various changes have been published by other authors, for more information see changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005

Changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005

This overview lists changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the family level and above since 2005, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of snails and slugs are classified.Changes in subfamilies...

.

Main clades, groups and informal groups

Here the information is displayed in the form of a cladogram

Cladogram

A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics which shows ancestral relations between organisms, to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational...

 (an evolutionary tree of descent.) It is worth bearing in mind however that this taxonomy is provisional: many of the taxa are still only known as "groups" or "informal groups", and these are very likely to be changed as more information becomes available.
This cladogram is based on the following information. The list format used below makes clear which taxa are informal groups rather than clades:

• Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
• Clade Patellogastropoda
  Patellogastropoda
  Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called Docoglossa, is a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, seen either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.-Taxonomy:Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R...
  
  
• Clade Vetigastropoda
  Vetigastropoda
  Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order although they are a clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005....
  
  
• Clade Cocculiniformia
• Clade Neritimorpha
  Neritimorpha
  Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping includes land snails, sea snails, some deepwater limpets, and also freshwater snails...
  
  
  • Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain systematic position
  • Clade †Cyrtoneritimorpha
    Cyrtoneritimorpha
    Cyrtoneritimorpha is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Neritimorpha.This order contains two extinct families: Orthonychiidae and Vltaviellidae....
    
    
  • Clade Cycloneritimorpha
    Cycloneritimorpha
    Cycloneritimorpha is a clade of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails. These are gastropod molluscs within the larger clade Neritimorpha...
    
    
• Clade Caenogastropoda
  Caenogastropoda
  Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade of a large diverse group of mostly marine gastropods.Caenogastropoda contains a majority of the families of shelled marine molluscs including such families as the periwinkles, cowries, wentletraps, moon snails, and cone snails.About 60% of all living gastropods...
  
  
  • Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
  • Informal group Architaenioglossa
    Architaenioglossa
    Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • Clade Sorbeoconcha
    Sorbeoconcha
    Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.-1997 taxonomy:...
    
    
  • Clade Hypsogastropoda
    Hypsogastropoda
    According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade of parasitic marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
    • Clade Littorinimorpha
      Littorinimorpha
      Littorinimorpha is a large clade of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda consisting primarily of marine species, but also aquatic and terrestrial species as well....
      
      
    • Informal group Ptenoglossa
      Ptenoglossa
      The Ptenoglossa is an informal taxonomic group of sea snails.It was considered paraphyletic or polyphyletic by Ponder and Lindberg in their classification of the molluscs.-Taxonomy:*Superfamily Epitonioidea**Family Epitoniidae**Family Janthinidae...
      
      
    • Clade Neogastropoda
      Neogastropoda
      Neogastropoda is an unranked taxonomic clade of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. For many years prior to 2005 Neogastropoda was an order.- Description :...
      
      
• Clade Heterobranchia
  Heterobranchia
  Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs or Euthyneura, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks....
  
  
  • Informal group Lower Heterobranchia
    Lower Heterobranchia
    Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly-evolved sea slugs and sea snails, within the clade Heterobranchia...
    
    
  • Informal group Opisthobranchia
    Opisthobranchia
    Opisthobranchs are a large and diverse group of specialized complex marine gastropods previously united under Opisthobranchia within the Heterobranchia, but no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping...
    
    
    • Clade Cephalaspidea
      Cephalaspidea
      The suborder Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble snails, is a clade of sea slugs and bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the larger clade Euopisthobranchia....
      
      
    • Clade Thecosomata
    • Clade Gymnosomata
    • Clade Aplysiomorpha
    • Group Acochlidiacea
      Acochlidiacea
      Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia...
      
      
    • Clade Sacoglossa
      Sacoglossa
      Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "sap-sucking sea slugs", are a clade of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia...
      
      
    • Group Cylindrobullida
    • Clade Umbraculida
    • Clade Nudipleura
      Nudipleura
      Nudipleura are a clade of sea snails and sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia.- 2005 taxonomy :In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi , the clade Nudipleura is arranged as follows:*Clade Nudipleura...
      
      
      • Clade Pleurobranchomorpha
      • Clade Nudibranchia
        • Clade Euctenidiacea
          Euctenidiacea
          The Euctenidiacea are a taxonomic family of sea snails or slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Notaspidea.A phylogenetical study, published in 2000, by Wägele & Willan has shown that the subclade Gnathodoridacea and the subclade Doridacea each form a monophyletic group.In a later study,...
          
          
        • Clade Dexiarchia
          Dexiarchia
          The Dexiarchia are a clade of sea slugs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudipleura.This classification is based on the study by Schrödl et al., published in 2001, who recognized within this clade two clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia.- Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ...
          
          
          • Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea
          • Clade Cladobranchia
            Cladobranchia
            The Cladobranchia are a taxonomic clade of nudibranch sea snails or slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Dexiarchia.-Taxonomy:**Family Charcotiidae**Family Dironidae**Family Dotidae**Family Embletoniidae**Family Goniaeolididae**Family Heroidae...
            
            
            • Clade Euarminida
            • Clade Dendronotida
            • Clade Aeolidida
              Aeolidida
              The Aeolidida is a taxonomic clade of sea slugs, specifically aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Cladobranchia.-Taxonomy:*Superfamily Flabellinoidea Bergh, 1889**Family Flabellinidae**Family Notaeolidiidae...
              
              
  • Informal group Pulmonata
    Pulmonata
    The Pulmonata, or "pulmonates", are an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills...
    
    
    • Informal group Basommatophora
      Basommatophora
      Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails...
      
      
    • Clade Eupulmonata
      Eupulmonata
      The Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.-Linnean taxonomy:...
      
      
      • Clade Systellommatophora
        Systellommatophora
        The Systellommatophora is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda...
        
        
      • Clade Stylommatophora
        Stylommatophora
        Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...
        
        
        • Clade Elasmognatha
          Elasmognatha
          Elasmognatha is a taxonomic grouping, a clade, of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.A number of species in this taxonomic group are endangered.- Taxonomy :...
          
          
        • Clade Orthurethra
          Orthurethra
          Orthurethra is a clade of terrestrial pulmonate gastropods .In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, Orthurethra is treated as an informal group and subclade of Stylommatophora.- Taxonomy :...
          
          
        • Informal group Sigmurethra
          Sigmurethra
          Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slugs....
          
          

Taxonomy

In the following, more detailed list, indentation is used only for the ranks of superfamily and family. The clade names are not indented, but their hierarchy is indicated by the size of the font used. A clearer sense of the hierarchy of the clades can be drawn from the list immediately above this one.

Uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora

Monoplacophora

Monoplacophora, meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic class of mollusks with a cap-like shell, living on the bottom of deep sea. Extant representatives were unknown until 1952; previously they were known only from the fossil record.- Definition :...

)

• unassigned to superfamily
  • † Khairkhaniidae
    Khairkhaniidae
    Khairkhaniidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They are thought to belong to either the Gastropoda or Monoplacophora.They possess planispiral coiled shells with a columnar microstructure.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Ladamarekiidae
    Ladamarekiidae
    Ladamarekiidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. it is not known if they are sea snails .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Metoptomatidae
    Metoptomatidae
    Metoptomatidae is an extinct family of fossil mollusks from the Paleozoic era. These mollusks are either .- Taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Metoptomatidae within the...
    
    
  • † Patelliconidae
    Patelliconidae
    Patelliconidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Patelliconidae within the...
    
    
  • † Protoconchoididae
    Protoconchoididae
    Protoconchoididae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Protoconchoididae within the...
    
    
• Archinacelloidea
  Archinacelloidea
  †Archinacelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position ....
  
  
  • † Archinacellidae
    Archinacellidae
    †Archinacellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Archinacellidae in the superfamilia Archinacelloidea within the...
    
    
  • † Archaeopragidae
    Archaeopragidae
    †Archaeopragidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Archaeopragidae in the superfamilia Archinacelloidea within the...
    
    
• Pelagielloidea
  Pelagielloidea
  Pelagielloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position ....
  
  
  • † Pelagiellidae
    Pelagiellidae
    Pelagiellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Pelagiellidae in the superfamilia Pelagielloidea within the...
    
    
  • † Aldanellidae
    Aldanellidae
    Aldanellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs that have been assigned to the Gastropod stem group but may also belong to a paraphyletic "Monoplacophora".- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
• Scenelloidea
  Scenelloidea
  Scenelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position .- Families :Based on the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi families in the Scenelloidea include:* † Scenellidae...
  
  
  • † Scenellidae
  • † Coreospiridae
    Coreospiridae
    Coreospiridae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position taxonomically. They might be snails or they might be monoplacophorans, Gastropoda or Monoplacophora.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Igarkiellidae
    Igarkiellidae
    Igarkiella is the sole genus of Igarkiellidae, an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Igarkiellidae in the superfamilia Scenelloidea within thePaleozoic molluscs of uncertain...
    
    
• Yochelcionelloidea
  Yochelcionelloidea
  Yochelcionelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position . The earliest yochelcionellids are known from the Middle Tommotian, but they are most diverse from the Botomian through the early Middle Cambrian.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet &...
  
  
  • † Yochelcionellidae
  • † Stenothecidae
    Stenothecidae
    Stenothecidae is an extinct family of univalved Cambrian molluscs. .- Morphology :...
    
    
  • † Trenellidae
    Trenellidae
    Trenella is the sole genus in Trenellidae, an extinct family of paleozoic Yochelcionellids.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Trenellidae in the superfamilia Yochelcionelloidea within the...
    
    

With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)

• Bellerophontoidea
  Bellerophontoidea
  The Bellerophontoidea, , common name "bellerophonts", is a superfamily of extinct planospirally coiled globose molluscs, generally included in the Gastropoda that first appeared late in the Cambrian and continued until late in the Triassic.-Biology:Unlike normal gastropods, the shells of...
  
  
  • † Bellerophontidae
    Bellerophontidae
    The Bellerophontidae is an extinct family of specialized globose bellerophontids; Paleozoic and Early Triassic mollusks of uncertain position .-Geological range:...
    
    
  • † Bucanellidae
    Bucanellidae
    Bucanellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position with isostrophically coiled shells.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Bucaniidae
    Bucaniidae
    Bucaniidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position with isostrophically coiled shells.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Euphemitidae
    Euphemitidae
    Euphemitidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They have isostrophically coiled shells and may be either Gastropoda sea s, or Monoplacophora.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Pterothecidae
    Pterothecidae
    Pterothecidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position with isostrophically coiled shells.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Sinuitidae
    Sinuitidae
    Sinuitidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position with isostrophically coiled shells.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Tremanotidae
    Tremanotidae
    Tremanotidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position with isostrophically coiled shells.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Tropidodiscidae
    Tropidodiscidae
    Tropidodiscidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position with isostrophically coiled shells.- Taxonomy :...
    
    

With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)

• Euomphaloidea
  Euomphaloidea
  Euomphaloidea, originally Euomphalacea, is an extinct superfamily of marine molluscs that lived from the Early Ordovician to the Late Cretaceous, included in the Gastropoda but speculated as instead perhaps Monoplacophora.-Description:...
  
  
  • † Euomphalidae
    Euomphalidae
    Euomphalidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs which may possibly be gastropods with anisostrophically coiled shells .- Genera :Genera in the family Euomphalidae include:...
    
    
  • † Helicotomidae
    Helicotomidae
    Helicotomidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Lesueurillidae
    Lesueurillidae
    Lesueurillidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Omphalocirridae
    Omphalocirridae
    Omphalocirridae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Omphalotrochidae
    Omphalotrochidae
    Omphalotrochidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
• Macluritoidea
  Macluritoidea
  The Macluritoidea,Macluritacea as originally spelled is a superfamily of hyperstrophically coiled, Upper Cambrian to Devonian, archaeogastropods, or paragastropods according to Linsely and Kier ....
  
  
  • † Macluritidae
    Macluritidae
    Macluritidae is an extinct family of relatively large, Lower Ordovician to Devonian, macluritacean gastropods, hypserstrophically coiled, that is dextral while appearing sinsitral, of which the genus Macllurites is arch-typical...
    
    

Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda

(existing as fossils only)

• unassigned to superfamily
  • † Anomphalidae
    Anomphalidae
    †Anomphalidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks of basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Codonocheilidae
    Codonocheilidae
    Codonocheilidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Crassimarginatidae
    Crassimarginatidae
    Crassimarginatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Holopeidae
    Holopeidae
    †Holopeidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Isospiridae
    Isospiridae
    Isospiridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi . It is classified as "Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda" by Bouchet & Rocroi .- Genera...
    
    
  • † Opisthonematidae
    Opisthonematidae
    Opisthonematidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Paraturbinidae
    Paraturbinidae
    Paraturbinidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic gastropod mollusks.Knight, J. B. et al. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, vol I. 1960. Paleozoic is an incorrect inference from Bouchet and Rocroi....
    
    
  • † Planitrochidae
    Planitrochidae
    Planitrochidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Pragoserpulinidae
    Pragoserpulinidae
    Pragoserpulinidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Pseudophoridae
    Pseudophoridae
    Pseudophoridae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Raphistomatidae
    Raphistomatidae
    The Raphistomatidae is a family of Paleozoic gastropods established by Koken, 1896, whose range extends from the Upper Cambrian to Middle Permian, comprising lentuclar, turbiniform, and stepped shells with a short slit, notch, or sinus on the aperture lip that generally results in a selenizone.J...
    
    
  • † Rhytidopilidae
    Rhytidopilidae
    Rhytidopilidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Scoliostomatidae
    Scoliostomatidae
    Scoliostomatidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family consists of two following subfamilies :...
    
    
  • † Sinuopeidae
    Sinuopeidae
    Sinuopeidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family consists of three following subfamilies :* Sinuopeinae Wenz, 1938...
    
    
• Clisospiroidea
  Clisospiroidea
  Clisospiroidea is an extinct taxonomic superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.Families:* † Clisospiridae* † Onychochilidae...
  
  
  • † Clisospiridae
    Clisospiridae
    Clisospiridae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.This family consists of three following subfamilies :...
    
    
  • † Onychochilidae
    Onychochilidae
    Onychochilidae is an extinct family of small, upper Cambrian to lower Devonian, hyperstrophically coiled molluscs, generally with smooth whorls and elongate apertures, commonly regarded as gastropods....
    
    
• Loxonematoidea
  Loxonematoidea
  Loxonematoidea is an extinct taxonomic superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.Families:* † Loxonematidae* † Palaeozygopleuridae...
  
  
  • † Loxonematidae
    Loxonematidae
    Loxonematidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Palaeozygopleuridae
• Ophiletoidea
  • † Ophiletidae
    Ophiletidae
    Ophiletidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.Ophiletidae is the only family in the superfamily Ophiletoidea.This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Straparollinoidea
  • † Straparollinidae
    Straparollinidae
    Straparollinidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.Straparollinidae is the only family in the superfamily Straparollinoidea.This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Trochonematoidea
  Trochonematoidea
  Trochonematoidea is an extinct taxonomic superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.Families:* † Trochonematidae* † Lophospiridae...
  
  
  • † Trochonematidae
    Trochonematidae
    Trochonematidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.This family has no subfamilies.- External links :* 1913. , page 530....
    
    
  • † Lophospiridae
    Lophospiridae
    Lophospiridae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.This family has no subfamilies....
    
    

Clade Patellogastropoda

Patellogastropoda

Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called Docoglossa, is a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, seen either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.-Taxonomy:Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R...

 

• Superfamily Patelloidea
  • Family Patellidae
    Patellidae
    Patellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda.Patellidae is the only family in the superfamily Patelloidea...
    
    
• Superfamily Nacelloidea
  • Family Nacellidae
    Nacellidae
    Nacellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda.Nacellidae is the only family in the superfamily Nacelloidea...
    
    
• Superfamily Lottioidea
  Lottioidea
  Lottioidea is a superfamily of sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.-2005 taxonomy:There are three families within Lottioidea in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi :...
  
  
  • Family Lottiidae
    Lottiidae
    Lottiidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the clade Patellogastropoda .- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Acmaeidae
  • Family Lepetidae
    Lepetidae
    Lepetidae is a family of sea snails or small, deep-water true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda the true limpets.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
  Neolepetopsoidea
  Neolepetopsoidea is considered as a synonym of Lottioidea.Previously Neolepetopsoidea was considered as a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Patellogastropoda.-Families:...
  
  
  • Family Neolepetopsidae
    Neolepetopsidae
    Neolepetopsidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Patellogastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Etymology :...
    
    
  • † Family Daminilidae
    Daminilidae
    Daminilidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda.This family has no subfamilies.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Lepetopsidae
    Lepetopsidae
    Lepetopsidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Patellogastropoda.This family has no subfamilies.Members of extant family Neolepetopsidae probably developed from Lepetopsidae.- Taxonomy :...
    
    

Clade Vetigastropoda

Vetigastropoda

Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order although they are a clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005....

 

• Not assigned to a superfamily:
  • Family Ataphridae
    Ataphridae
    Ataphridae, common name the false top snails, is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda ....
    
    
  • Family Pendromidae
    Pendromidae
    Pendromidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family is unassigned to superfamily...
    
    
  • † Family Schizogoniidae
    Schizogoniidae
    Schizogoniidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily †Amberleyoidea
  Amberleyoidea
  Amberleyoidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda....
  
  
  • † Family Amberleyidae
    Amberleyidae
    Amberleyidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Nododelphinulidae
    Nododelphinulidae
    †Nododelphinulidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropods in the superfamily Amberleyoidea .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily †Eotomarioidea
  Eotomarioidea
  Eotomarioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Taxonomy :* † Family Eotomariidae Wenz, 1938 * † Family Gosseletinidae Wenz, 1938 * † Family Luciellidae Knight, 1956...
  
  
  • † Family Eotomariidae
    Eotomariidae
    Eotomariidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Gosseletinidae
    Gosseletinidae
    Gosseletinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Genera :Genera within the family Glosseletinidae include: * Balbinipleura...
    
    
  • † Family Luciellidae
    Luciellidae
    Luciellidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • † Family Phanerotrematidae
    Phanerotrematidae
    Phanerotrematidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily Fissurelloidea
  • Family Fissurellidae
• Superfamily Haliotoidea
  Haliotoidea
  Haliotoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Families :...
  
  
  • Family Haliotidae
  • † Family Temnotropidae
    Temnotropidae
    Temnotropidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haliotoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
• Superfamily Lepetelloidea
  Lepetelloidea
  Lepetelloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, small deepwater limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda...
  
  
  • Family Lepetellidae
    Lepetellidae
    Lepetellidae is a taxonomic family of small deepwater sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Lepetelloidea in the clade Vetigastropoda...
    
    
  • Family Addisoniidae
    Addisoniidae
    Addisoniidae is a family of sea snails, deepwater true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Subfamilies and genera :...
    
    
  • Family Bathyphytophilidae
    Bathyphytophilidae
    Bathyphytophilidae is a family of very small deepwater sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Caymanabyssiidae
    Caymanabyssiidae
    Caymanabyssiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Cocculinellidae
    Cocculinellidae
    Cocculinellidae is a family of small sea snails, deepwater limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda . This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Osteopeltidae
    Osteopeltidae
    Osteopeltidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Pseudococculinidae
    Pseudococculinidae
    Pseudococculinidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Amphiplica Haszprunar, 1988...
    
    
  • Family Pyropeltidae
    Pyropeltidae
    Pyropeltidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera in the family Pyropeltidae include:...
    
    
• Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
  Lepetodriloidea
  Lepetodriloidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Families :Families within the superfamily Lepetodriloidea include:*Family Lepetodrilidae McLean, 1988*Family Clypeosectidae McLean, 1989...
  
  
  • Family Lepetodrilidae
    Lepetodrilidae
    Lepetodrilidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within the family Lepetodrilidae include:* Lepetodrilus...
    
    
  • Family Clypeosectidae
  • Family Sutilizonidae
    Sutilizonidae
    Sutilizonidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Taxonomy :This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily †Murchisonioidea
  Murchisonioidea
  Murchisonioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.This superfamily was previously included in the Caenogastropoda by Ponder and Warén and by Bandel in studies published in 1993 and 1997. However, studies by Tracey et al. ...
  
  
  • † Family Murchisoniidae
    Murchisoniidae
    Murchisoniidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropods in the superfamily Murchisonioidea .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within the family Murchisoniidae include:...
    
    
  • † Family Cheeneetnukiidae
    Cheeneetnukiidae
    † Cheeneetnukiidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • † Family Hormotomidae
    Hormotomidae
    † Hormotomidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily Neomphaloidea
  Neomphaloidea
  Neomphaloidea is a superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda...
  
  
  • Family Neomphalidae
  • Family Melanodrymiidae
    Melanodrymiidae
    Melanodrymiidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera and species :...
    
    
  • Family Peltospiridae
    Peltospiridae
    Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies but contains two genera each with a single described species....
    
    
• Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea
  Pleurotomarioidea
  Pleurotomarioidea is a superfamily of small to large marine gastropods included in the Vetigastropoda.These are the slit shells, originally named Pleurotomariacea, in keeping with the convention for naming superfamilies at the time....
  
  
  • Family Pleurotomariidae
    Pleurotomariidae
    Pleurotomariidae, common name the '"slit snails", is a family of large marine gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda. This family is very ancient; there were numerous species in the geological past. It is currently represented by a group of species that live only in deep water...
    
    
  • † Family Catantostomatidae
    Catantostomatidae
    Catantostomatidae is an extinct family of marine gastropods included in the Vetigastropoda and placed in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea...
    
    
  • † Family Kittlidiscidae
    Kittlidiscidae
    Kittlidiscidae is an extinct family of Middle Triassic gastropods in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea, named to contain the genus Kittlidiscus and included in the Vetigastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Phymatopleuridae
    Phymatopleuridae
    Phymatopleuridae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within the family Phymatopleuridae include:...
    
    
  • † Family Polytremariidae
    Polytremariidae
    Polytremariidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Portlockiellidae
    Portlockiellidae
    Portlockiellidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within the family Portlockiellidae include:...
    
    
  • † Family Rhaphischismatidae
    Rhaphischismatidae
    Rhaphischismatidae is an extinct family of gastropods from the Lower Carboniferous , containing a single genus, Raphischisma, and uncluded in the superorder Vetigastropoda...
    
    
  • † Family Trochotomidae
    Trochotomidae
    Trochotomidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Zygitidae
    Zygitidae
    Zygitidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily †Porcellioidea
  Porcellioidea
  Porcellioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.This superfamily dates back to the Paleozoic. They developed sinistrally or planispirally coiled teleoconchs....
  
  
  • † Family Porcelliidae
    Porcelliidae
    Porcelliidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Cirridae
    Cirridae
    Cirridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Porcellioidea ....
    
    
  • † Family Discohelicidae
    Discohelicidae
    Discohelicidae is an extinct family of sea snails with planispiral shells, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • † Family Pavlodiscidae
    Pavlodiscidae
    Pavlodiscidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily Scissurelloidea
  Scissurelloidea
  Scissurelloidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Taxonomy :This superfamily consists of two following families :*Family Scissurellidae Gray, 1847*Family Anatomidae McLean, 1989Geiger updated two other subfamilias to family...
  
  
  • Family Scissurellidae
    Scissurellidae
    Scissurellidae, sometimes known by the common name little slit snails, are a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda...
    
    
  • Family Anatomidae
    Anatomidae
    Anatomidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda ....
    
    
• Superfamily Seguenzioidea
  Seguenzioidea
  Seguenzioidea is a superfamily of minute to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda. - 2007-2009 taxonomy :Kano et al...
  
  
  • Family Seguenziidae
    Seguenziidae
    Seguenziidae is a family of extremely small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Seguenzioidea .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Chilodontidae
    Chilodontidae (gastropods)
    Chilodontidae is a taxonomic family of mostly small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Eucyclidae
    Eucyclidae
    Eucyclidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropods in the superfamily Seguenzioidea .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within the family Eucyclidae include:...
    
    
  • † Family Laubellidae
    Laubellidae
    Laubellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily Trochoidea
  Trochoidea (superfamily)
  Trochoidea is a superfamily of small to very large vetigastropod sea snails with gills and an operculum.They have nacre as the inner shell layer...
  
  
  • Family Trochidae
    Trochidae
    The Trochidae, common name top snails, are a taxonomic family of very small to large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda ....
    
    
  • Family Calliostomatidae
    Calliostomatidae
    Calliostomatidae is a family of sea snails within the superfamily Trochoidea and the clade Vetigastropoda.- Description :The Calliostomatidae are unusually diverse. They are characterized by a stepped spire and a pointy aperture. They may possess or lack an umbilicus. The columella is sometimes...
    
    
  • † Family Elasmonematidae
    Elasmonematidae
    Elasmonematidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within this family include:...
    
    
  • † Family Eucochlidae
    Eucochlidae
    Eucochlidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Microdomatidae
    Microdomatidae
    Microdomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Proconulidae
    Proconulidae
    Proconulidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Solariellidae
    Solariellidae
    Solariellidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea...
    
    
  • † Family Tychobraheidae
    Tychobraheidae
    Tychobraheidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Velainellidae
    Velainellidae
    Velainellidae is a very small family of gastropods containing only the Eocene genus Velainella, named by Vasseur 1880 and found in France. Velainella has a long, narrow, straight twisted shell with a smooth lipped oval aperture...
    
    
• Superfamily Turbinoidea
  Turbinoidea
  Turbinoidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda . But it is an available name, because it is not used in current taxonomy of gastropods sensu Williams et al...
  
  
  • Family Turbinidae
    Turbinidae
    Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropods. Turbinidae have a strong, thick calcareous operculum readily distinguishing them from the somewhat similar Trochidae or top snails, which have a corneous operculum...
    
    
  • Family Liotiidae
    Liotiidae
    Liotiidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Phasianellidae
    Phasianellidae
    Phasianellidae common name the "pheasant shells" or "pheasant snails" is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda ....
    
    

Clade Cocculiniformia 

• Superfamily Cocculinoidea
  Cocculinoidea
  The Cocculinoidea, as now designated, is a superfamily of deepwater limpets, marine gastropods, the only superfamily in the clade Cocculiniformia, one of the main clades of gastropods according to the taxonomy as set up by ....
  
  
  • Family Cocculinidae
    Cocculinidae
    Cocculinidae is a family of sea snails, deep-sea limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cocculiniformia .- Genera :Genera within the family Cocculinidae include:...
    
    
  • Family Bathysciadiidae
    Bathysciadiidae
    Bathysciadiidae is a family of sea snails, deep-sea limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cocculiniformia .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    

Clade Neritimorpha

Neritimorpha

Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping includes land snails, sea snails, some deepwater limpets, and also freshwater snails...

  (= Neritopsina)

Contains the Palaeozoic Neritomorpha of uncertain position and the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha and Cycloneritimorpha

• Unassigned to superfamily
  • † Family Craspedostomatidae
    Craspedostomatidae
    Craspedostomatidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks in the clade Neritimorpha.- Genera :* Craspedostoma** Craspedostoma elegantulum** Craspedostoma filistriatum** Craspedostoma fugitivum...
    
    
  • † Family Pragoscutulidae
    Pragoscutulidae
    Pragoscutulidae is an extinct taxonomic family of marine, gastropod mollusks....
    
    
• Superfamily Nerrhenoidea
  • † Family Nerrhenidae
    Nerrhenidae
    †Nerrhenidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks. Nerrhenidae is the only family in the superfamily Nerrhenoidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Oriostomatoidea
  Oriostomatoidea
  Oriostomatoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neritimorpha.- Taxonomy :Families within the superfamily Oriostomatoidea are as follows:* † Family Oriostomatidae* † Family Tubinidae...
  
  
  • † Family Oriostomatidae
    Oriostomatidae
    Oriostomatidae is an extinct taxonomic family of marine, gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Tubinidae
    Tubinidae
    Tubinidae is an extinct taxonomic family of marine, gastropod mollusks....
    
    
• Superfamily Palaeotrochoidea
  Palaeotrochoidea
  Palaeotrochidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neritimorpha according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda .It is the only family in the superfamily Palaeotrochoidea....
  
  
  • † Family Palaeotrochidae
• Superfamily Platyceratoidea
  • † Family Platyceratidae
    Platyceratidae
    Platyceratidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic gastropods of uncertain position in the clade Neritimorpha...
    
    

Clade Cycloneritimorpha

Cycloneritimorpha

Cycloneritimorpha is a clade of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails. These are gastropod molluscs within the larger clade Neritimorpha...

 

• Superfamily Helicinoidea
  Helicinoidea
  Helicinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of land snails that have an operculum. In other words, they are terrestrial operculate gastropod mollusks...
  
  
  • Family Helicinidae
    Helicinidae
    Helicinidae is a family of small tropical land snails which have an operculum. They are terrestrial operculate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicinoidea....
    
    
  • † Family Dawsonellidae
    Dawsonellidae
    Dawsonellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Deaniridae
    Deaniridae
    Deaniridae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • Family Neritiliidae
    Neritiliidae
    Neritiliidae is a family of submarine cave snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha...
    
    
  • Family Proserpinellidae
    Proserpinellidae
    Proserpinellidae is a family of snails, gastropods in the clade Cycloneritimorpha .This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005....
    
    
  • Family Proserpinidae
    Proserpinidae
    Proserpinidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Cycloneritimorpha .This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.- Genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily Hydrocenoidea
  • Family Hydrocenidae
    Hydrocenidae
    Hydrocenidae is a poorly-known taxonomic family of minute land snails or cave snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha....
    
    
• Superfamily Neritoidea
  Neritoidea
  Neritoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of mostly sea snails, nerites and their allies, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha ....
  
  
  • Family Neritidae
    Neritidae
    Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum, marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod mollusks in the order Neritoida....
    
    
  • Family Phenacolepadidae
    Phenacolepadidae
    Phenacolepadidae is a family of small sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha ....
    
    
  • † Family Pileolidae
    Pileolidae
    Pileolidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This family is related to the extant family Neritidae, the nerites.The family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005....
    
    
• Superfamily Neritopsoidea
  Neritopsoidea
  Neritopsoidea is a taxonomic grouping, a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha within clade Neritimorpha or in the order Neritoina within superorder Cycloneritimorpha within subclass Neritimorpha .- 1997 taxonomy :Neritopsoidea was in order Neritoida,...
  
  
  • Family Neritopsidae
    Neritopsidae
    Neritopsidae is a family of small sea snails and freshwater snails in the clade Cycloneritimorpha ....
    
    
  • † Family Cortinellidae
    Cortinellidae
    Cortinellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails....
    
    
  • † Family Delphinulopsidae
    Delphinulopsidae
    Delphinulopsidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Delphinulopsidae has no subfamilies.- 2007 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Plagiothyridae
    Plagiothyridae
    Plagiothyridae is an extinct family of sea snails....
    
    
  • † Family Pseudorthonychiidae
    Pseudorthonychiidae
    Pseudorthonychiidae is an extinct, monogeneric family of gastropods in the clade Cycloneritimorpha ....
    
    
  • Family Titiscaniidae
• Superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea
  Symmetrocapuloidea
  Symmetrocapulidae is a taxonomic family of fossil snails, gastropod mollusks in the monotypic superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea in the clade Cycloneritimorpha.This superfamily is extinct. It has one family and no subfamilies....
  
  
  • † Family Symmetrocapulidae

Clade Caenogastropoda

Caenogastropoda

Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade of a large diverse group of mostly marine gastropods.Caenogastropoda contains a majority of the families of shelled marine molluscs including such families as the periwinkles, cowries, wentletraps, moon snails, and cone snails.About 60% of all living gastropods...

 

Contains the Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position, the informal group Architaenioglossa and the clades Sorbeoconcha and Hypsogastropoda

• Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
  • † Family Plicatusidae
    Plicatusidae
    Plicatusidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Spanionematidae
    Spanionematidae
    Spanionematidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Spirostylidae
    Spirostylidae
    Spirostylidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
• Superfamily Acteoninoidea
  Acteoninoidea
  Acteoninoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-Taxonomy:Families within the superfamily Acteoninoidea are as follows:* † Family Acteoninidae* † Family Anozygidae...
  
  
  • † Family Acteoninidae
    Acteoninidae
    Acteoninidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Anozygidae
    Anozygidae
    †Anozygidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-References:*...
    
    
  • † Family Soleniscidae
    Soleniscidae
    Soleniscidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
• Superfamily Dendropupoidea
  Dendropupoidea
  Dendropupoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-Taxonomy:Families within the superfamily Dendropupoidea include:* † Family Dendropupidae* † Family Anthracopupidae...
  
  
  • † Family Dendropupidae
    Dendropupidae
    Dendropupidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Anthracopupidae
    Anthracopupidae
    †Anthracopupidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-References:*...
    
    
• Superfamily Paleostyloidea
  Paleostyloidea
  Paleostyloidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-Taxonomy:Families within the superfamily Paleostyloidea are as follows:* † Family Palaeostylidae* † Family Goniasmatidae...
  
  
  • † Family Palaeostylidae
    Palaeostylidae
    Palaeostylidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Goniasmatidae
    Goniasmatidae
    †Goniasmatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Pithodeidae
    Pithodeidae
    Pithodeidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
• Superfamily Peruneloidea
  Peruneloidea
  Peruneloidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-Taxonomy:The families within the superfamily Peruneloidea are as follows:* † Family Perunelidae* † Family Chuchlinidae...
  
  
  • † Family Perunelidae
    Perunelidae
    Perunelidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Chuchlinidae
    Chuchlinidae
    Chuchlinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-References:*...
    
    
  • † Family Imoglobidae
    Imoglobidae
    †Imoglobidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Sphaerodomidae
    Sphaerodomidae
    Sphaerodomidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
• Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
  Pseudomelanioidea
  Pseudomelanioidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
  
  
  • † Family Pseudomelaniidae
    Pseudomelaniidae
    Pseudomelaniidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-Genera:Genera within the family Pseudomelaniidae include: * Pseudomelania Pictet and Campiche , the type genus...
    
    
  • † Family Trajanellidae
    Trajanellidae
    Trajanellidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
• Superfamily Subulitoidea
  Subulitoidea
  Subulitoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.-Taxonomy:Families within the superfamily Subulitoidea are as follows:* † Family Subulitidae* † Family Ischnoptygmatidae...
  
  
  • † Family Subulitidae
    Subulitidae
    Subulitidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
    Ischnoptygmatidae
    Ischnoptygmatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
• grade
  Evolutionary grade
  In alpha taxonomy, a grade refers to a taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity. The term was coined by British biologist Julian Huxley, to contrast with clade, a strictly phylogenetic unit.-Definition:...
  
   Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005
  • † Family Zygopleuridae
    Zygopleuridae
    †Zygopleuridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • Family Abyssochrysidae
    Abyssochrysidae
    Abyssochrysidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Polygyrinidae
    Polygyrinidae
    Polygyrinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Protoculidae
    Protoculidae
    Protoculidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    
  • Family Provannidae
    Provannidae
    Provannidae is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda .- Habitat :...
    
    
  • † Family Pseudozygopleuridae
    Pseudozygopleuridae
    Pseudozygopleuridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda....
    
    

Informal group Architaenioglossa

Architaenioglossa

Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda....

 

• Superfamily Ampullarioidea
  Ampullarioidea
  Ampullarioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the informal group Architaenioglossa, which belongs to the clade Caenogastropoda....
  
  
  • Family Ampullariidae
    Ampullariidae
    Ampullariidae, common name the apple snails, is a family of large freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks with a gill and an operculum...
    
    
  • † Family Naricopsinidae
    Naricopsinidae
    Naricopsinidae was an extinct family of fossil operculate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa.This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005....
    
    
• Superfamily Cyclophoroidea
  Cyclophoroidea
  Cyclophoroidea is a superfamily of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropods within the informal group Architaenioglossa, that belongs to the clade Caenogastropoda....
  
  
  • Family Cyclophoridae
    Cyclophoridae
    Cyclophoridae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa belonging to the clade Caenogastropoda .- Taxonomy :This family consists of the following subfamilies according to the taxonomy of...
    
    
  • Family Aciculidae
    Aciculidae
    The Aciculidae are a family of minute land snails which have opercula. In other words, Aciculidae are terrestrial operculate gastropods....
    
    
  • Family Craspedopomatidae
    Craspedopomatidae
    Craspedopomatidae is a family of very small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa belonging to the clade Caenogastropoda .This family is not to be confused with the family of fossil sea snails with a similar name,...
    
    
  • Family Diplommatinidae
    Diplommatinidae
    Diplommatinidae is a family of small land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoridae.-Genera:*Subfamily Diplommatininae L...
    
    
  • † Family Ferussinidae
    Ferussinidae
    †Ferussinidae is an extinct family of operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa.- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Maizaniidae
    Maizaniidae
    Maizaniidae is a family of minute land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea .- Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Megalomastomatidae
    Megalomastomatidae
    Megalomastomatidae is a family of tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Neocyclotidae
    Neocyclotidae
    Neocyclotidae is a family of tropical land snails with gills and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa belonging to the clade Caenogastropoda .-Subfamilies:Subfamilies within the family Neocyclotidae include:* subfamily Neocyclotinae Kobelt &...
    
    
  • Family Pupinidae
    Pupinidae
    Pupinidae is a taxonomic family of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Viviparoidea
  Viviparoidea
  Cyclophoroidea is a taxonomic superfamily of freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the informal group Architaenioglossa, which belongs to the clade Caenogastropoda....
  
  
  • Family Viviparidae
    Viviparidae
    Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Pliopholygidae
    Pliopholygidae
    Pliopholygidae is an extinct family of operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa.- References :*...
    
    

Clade Sorbeoconcha

Sorbeoconcha

Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.-1997 taxonomy:...

 

• Not allocated to superfamily
  • † Family Acanthonematidae
    Acanthonematidae
    Acanthonematidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Canterburyellidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily....
    
    
  • † Family Canterburyellidae
    Canterburyellidae
    † Canterburyellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Canterburyellidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to to superfamily....
    
    
  • † Family Prisciphoridae
    Prisciphoridae
    † Prisciphoridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha.The original spelling was Prisciophoridae, but it was changed Prisciphoridae....
    
    
• Superfamily Cerithioidea
  Cerithioidea
  The Cerithioidea is a superfamily of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithoidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, in keeping with common superfamily endings at the time.- Ecology...
  
  
  • Family Cerithiidae
    Cerithiidae
    Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large family of medium-sized marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Batillariidae
    Batillariidae
    Batillariidae, common name batillariids or mudcreepers, are a family of marine, cerithioidean gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.They consist of 14 living species, classified in six to eight genera....
    
    
  • † Family Brachytrematidae
    Brachytrematidae
    Brachytrematidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Brachytrematidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Cassiopidae
    Cassiopidae
    †Cassiopidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Cassiopidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Dialidae
    Dialidae
    Dialidae, common name dialids, is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Dialidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Diastomatidae
    Diastomatidae
    Diastomatidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Diastomatidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • † Family Eustomatidae
    Eustomatidae
    Eustomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Eustomatidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Ladinulidae
    Ladinulidae
    Ladinulidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Ladinulidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Lanascalidae
    Lanascalidae
    Lanascalidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Lanascalidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Litiopidae
    Litiopidae
    Litiopidae, common name litiopids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Litiopidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
  • † Family Maoraxidae
  • Family Melanopsidae
    Melanopsidae
    Melanopsidae, common name melanopsids, is a family of freshwater gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha. Species in this family are native to southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, parts of the Middle East, New Zealand, and freshwater streams of some large South Pacific islands.These snails...
    
    
  • † Family Metacerithiidae
    Metacerithiidae
    Metacerithiidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Metacerithiidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Modulidae
    Modulidae
    Modulidae, common name modulids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Modulidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Pachychilidae
    Pachychilidae
    Pachychilidae, common name pachychilids, is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Distribution :Pachychilids are freshwater snails with a worldwide distribution in the tropics...
    
    
  • Family Paludomidae
    Paludomidae
    Paludomidae, common name paludomids, is a family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Taxonomy :The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
    
    
  • Family Planaxidae
    Planaxidae
    Planaxidae, common name planaxids, are a taxonomic family of small and minute sea snails, pantropical marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Pleuroceridae
    Pleuroceridae
    Pleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell....
    
    
  • † Family Popenellidae
    Popenellidae
    Popenellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Popenellidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Potamididae
    Potamididae
    Potamididae, common name potamidids , are a family of small to large brackish water snails living in mangroves, gastropod molluscs of the clade Sorbeoconcha. Traditionally, potamidids and batillariids have been confused with each other for having similar shells and living in a similar environment...
    
    
  • † Family Procerithiidae
    Procerithiidae
    Procerithiidae is a family of snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.Argyropeza is the only genus in the Procerithiidae, that is extant.- Taxonomy :...
    
     - If the genus Argyropeza
    Argyropeza
    Argyropeza is a genus of small deep-sea sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Procerithiidae.The name of this genus is derived from the Greek word arguropeza , the epithet given by Homer to the sea nymph Thetis....
    
    is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is not all fossil.
  • † Family Prostyliferidae
    Prostyliferidae
    Prostyliferidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Prostyliferidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Propupaspiridae
    Propupaspiridae
    Propupaspiridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Propupaspiridae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Scaliolidae
    Scaliolidae
    Scaliolidae, common name scaliolids, is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.The sand agglutinates to the teleoconch in Scaliola.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Siliquariidae
    Siliquariidae
    Siliquariidae is a family of sea snails with unusual, very loosely coiled shells. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Taxonomy :The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
    
    
  • † Family Terebrellidae
    Terebrellidae
    Terebrellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, fossil marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha. However Terebrellidae is not a valid name....
    
     - not a valid name
    Valid name (zoology)
    In zoological nomenclature, the valid name of a taxon is the zoological name that is to be used for that taxon following the rules in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature . In other words: a valid name is the correct zoological name of a taxon.In contrast, an invalid name is a name...
    
    
  • Family Thiaridae
    Thiaridae
    Thiaridae, common name thiarids, is a family of tropical freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea....
    
    
  • Family Turritellidae
    Turritellidae
    Turritellidae, the tower snails, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.These snails are filter feeders...
    
    
• Superfamily Campaniloidea
  Campaniloidea
  The Campaniloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The Campaniloidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha.-Taxonomy:The following four families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
  
  
  • Family Campanilidae
    Campanilidae
    Campanilidae are a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.-Taxonomy:There are no subfamilies in Campanilidae recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi .-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Ampullinidae
    Ampullinidae
    Ampullinidae are a taxonomic family of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.The shells of species in this family resemble those of naticids.-Taxonomy:...
    
    
  • Family Plesiotrochidae
    Plesiotrochidae
    Plesiotrochidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Plesiotrochidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Trypanaxidae
    Trypanaxidae
    Trypanaxidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Trypanaxidae has no subfamilies....
    
    

Clade Hypsogastropoda

Hypsogastropoda

According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade of parasitic marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda....

 

Contains the clades Littorinimorpha, Neogastropoda and the informal group Ptenoglossa.

• Not allocated to a superfamily
  • † Family Coelostylinidae
    Coelostylinidae
    Coelostylinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Coelostylinidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily....
    
    
  • † Family Maturifusidae
    Maturifusidae
    Maturifusidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Maturifusidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily....
    
    
  • † Family Pommerozygiidae
    Pommerozygiidae
    Pommerozygiidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Pommerozygiidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily....
    
    
  • † Family Settsassiidae
    Settsassiidae
    Settsassiidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Settsassiidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily....
    
    

Clade Littorinimorpha

Littorinimorpha

Littorinimorpha is a large clade of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda consisting primarily of marine species, but also aquatic and terrestrial species as well....

 

• Superfamily Calyptraeoidea
  • Family Calyptraeidae
    Calyptraeidae
    Calyptraeidae, common name the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods...
    
    
• Superfamily Capuloidea
  • Family Capulidae
    Capulidae
    Capulidae, common name the cap snails or cap shells, are a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Capulidae is the only family in the superfamily Capuloidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Cingulopsoidea
  Cingulopsoidea
  The Cingulopsoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:The following three families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :*Family Cingulopsidae Fretter & Patil, 1958...
  
  
  • Family Cingulopsidae
    Cingulopsidae
    Cingulopsidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Cingulopsidae has no subfamilies.- Genera and species :...
    
    
  • Family Eatoniellidae
    Eatoniellidae
    Eatoniellidae, commonly known as eatoniellids, are a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cingulopsoidea....
    
    
  • Family Rastodentidae
    Rastodentidae
    Rastodentidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Rastodentidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
• Superfamliy Cypraeoidea
  Cypraeoidea
  Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropods included in the clade Littorinimorpha. This superfamily was previously called Cypraeacea and was named by Rafinesque in 1815.-Shell description:...
  
  
  • Family Cypraeidae
    Cypraeidae
    Cypraeidae, common name the cowries , is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Shell description:...
    
    
  • Family Ovulidae
    Ovulidae
    Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Distribution:...
    
    
• Superfamily Ficoidea
  • Family Ficidae
    Ficidae
    Ficidae, common name the fig shells are a family of medium to large marine gastropods. It is the only family in the superfamily Ficoidea.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Ficidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
• Superfamily Littorinoidea
  Littorinoidea
  Littorinoidea is a superfamily of both sea snails and land snails which have a gill and an operculum, terrestrial and marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
  
  
  • Family Littorinidae
    Littorinidae
    Littorinidae is a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found world-wide.-Names:...
    
    
  • † Family Bohaispiridae
    Bohaispiridae
    Bohaispiridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Bohaispiridae has no subfamilies.- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Pickworthiidae
    Pickworthiidae
    Pickworthiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
    
    
  • Family Pomatiidae
    Pomatiidae
    The family Pomatiidae is a taxonomic family of small operculate land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that can be found over the warmer parts of the Old World. In the older literature, this family is designated as Pomatiasidae....
    
    
  • † Family Purpurinidae
    Purpurinidae
    Purpurinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Purpurinidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Skeneopsidae
    Skeneopsidae
    Skeneopsidae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Purpurinidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :* Genus Skeneopsis T...
    
    
  • † Family Tripartellidae
    Tripartellidae
    Tripartellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Tripartellidae has no subfamilies.- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Zerotulidae
    Zerotulidae
    Zerotulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Zerotulidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily Naticoidea
  • Family Naticidae
    Naticidae
    Naticidae, common name the moon snails, is a family of minute to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Pterotracheoidea
  Pterotracheoidea
  The Pterotracheoidea is, according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda , a taxonomic superfamily of sea snails or sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. They are commonly called heteropods or sea elephants.- Taxonomy :This superfamily comprises four families The...
  
  
  • Family Pterotracheidae
    Pterotracheidae
    Pterotracheidae is a family of medium-sized to large floating sea snails, pelagic gastropod molluscs. They are in the superfamily Pterotracheoidea along with two other similar pelagic families, the Atlantidae and the Carinariidae....
    
    
  • Family Atlantidae
    Atlantidae
    Atlantidae is a family of sea snails, holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Atlantidae has no subfamilies.- Description :...
    
    
  • † Family Bellerophinidae
    Bellerophinidae
    Bellerophinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Pterotracheidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Carinariidae
    Carinariidae
    Carinariidae, known by the common name "heteropods" like their relatives in the Pterotracheoidea, is a taxonomic family of swimming or floating sea snails, pelagic marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Distribution :...
    
    
• Superfamily Rissooidea
  Rissooidea
  Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Grey, 1847, is a large taxonomic superfamily of small and minute saltwater, brackish water, freshwater, and semi-terrestrial snails which have gills and an operculum...
  
  
  • Family Rissoidae
    Rissoidae
    Rissoidae is a large family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Distribution and habitat:...
    
    
  • Family Amnicolidae
    Amnicolidae
    Amnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha...
    
    
  • Family Anabathridae
    Anabathridae
    Anabathridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Afriscrobs W.F. Ponder, 1983* Genus Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864** Amphithalamus subg. Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864...
    
    
  • Family Assimineidae
    Assimineidae
    Assimineidae is a family of minute snails with an operculum that live in saltwater, freshwater or on the land; they are mostly aquatic gastropod mollusks or micromollusks, in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Ecology :...
    
    
  • Family Barleeiidae
  • Family Bithyniidae
    Bithyniidae
    Bithyniidae is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Their minute shell is often colored. They are characterized by a calcareous operculum, a lobe on the upper surface of the neck. The ctenidium, the respiratory gill-comb, is...
    
    
  • Family Caecidae
    Caecidae
    Caecidae is a taxonomic family of very small and minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha.- Habitat :...
    
    
  • Family Calopiidae
    Calopiidae
    Calopiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea....
    
    
  • Family Cochliopidae
    Cochliopidae
    Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha ....
    
    
  • Family Elachisinidae
    Elachisinidae
    Elachisinidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :Genera within the family Elachisinidae include:* Genus Elachisina W.H...
    
    
  • Family Emblandidae
  • Family Epigridae
    Epigridae
    Epigridae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea, and clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :Genera within the family Epigridae include:* Genus Epigrus C. Hedley, 1903 - the type genus- References :...
    
    
  • Family Falsicingulidae
    Falsicingulidae
    Falsicingulidae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Helicostoidae
    Helicostoidae
    Helicostoa sinensis is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the clade Littorinimorpha.Helicostoa sinensis is the only species in the genus Helicostoa, which in turn is the only genus in the family Helicostoidae...
    
    
  • Family Hydrobiidae
    Hydrobiidae
    Hydrobiidae, common name mud snails, is a large cosmopolitan taxonomic family of very small freshwater snails and brackish water snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Hydrococcidae
    Hydrococcidae
    Hydrococcidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera:* Hydrococcus Thiele, 1928** Hydrococcus brazieri : synonym : Assiminea brazieri - References :*...
    
    
  • Family Iravadiidae
    Iravadiidae
    Iravadiidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera :Genera within the family Iravadiidae include:* Acliceratia Ponder, 1984* Ceratia H. & A. Adams, 1852...
    
    
  • Family Lithoglyphidae
    Lithoglyphidae
    Lithoglyphidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha .- Taxonomy :Taylor , Ponder & Warén and Kabat & Hershler considered this taxon as a subfamily...
    
    
  • † Family Mesocochliopidae
    Mesocochliopidae
    Mesocochliopidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Mesocochliopidae include:* Mesocochliopa, the type genus- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Moitessieriidae
    Moitessieriidae
    Moitessieriidae is a family of small freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Moitessieriidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • † Family Palaeorissoinidae
    Palaeorissoinidae
    Palaeorissoinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
  • Family Pomatiopsidae
    Pomatiopsidae
    Pomatiopsidae is a family of small mainly freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea ....
    
    
  • Family Stenothyridae
    Stenothyridae
    Stenothyridae is a family of freshwater snails, snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Tornidae
    Tornidae
    Tornidae is a family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha. This family used to be known as the Vitrinellidae.-General characteristics:...
    
    
  • Family Truncatellidae
    Truncatellidae
    Truncatellidae, common name the "looping snails", is a family of small amphibious snails, with gills and an operculum, semi-marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks.-Shell description :...
    
    
• Superfamily Stromboidea
  Stromboidea
  The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Shell description:...
  
  
  • Family Strombidae
    Strombidae
    Strombidae, commonly known as the true conchs, is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Stromboidea....
    
    
  • Family Aporrhaidae
    Aporrhaidae
    Aporrhaidae, common name the pelican's foot snails, is a taxonomic family of sea snails. The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
  • † Family Colombellinidae
    Colombellinidae
    Colombellinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
  • † Family Pugnellidae
    Pugnellidae
    Pugnellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Seraphsidae
    Seraphsidae
    Seraphsidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. -External links:* - References :* *...
    
    
  • Family Struthiolariidae
  • † Family Thersiteidae
    Thersiteidae
    Thersiteidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
  • † Family Tylostomatidae
    Tylostomatidae
    Tylostomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
• Superfamily Tonnoidea
  Tonnoidea
  Tonnoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:Families within the superfamily Tonnoidea include:*Family Tonnidae*Family Bursidae*Family Laubierinidae*Family Personidae*Family Pisanianuridae...
  
  
  • Family Tonnidae
    Tonnidae
    Tonnidae is a family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha and the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Bursidae
    Bursidae
    Bursidae, common name "frog snails" or "frog shells" is a rather small taxonomic family of large sea snails, marine gastropod predatory snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Distribution:...
    
    
  • Family Laubierinidae
    Laubierinidae
    Laubierinidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
  • Family Personidae
    Personidae
    Personidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Distorsio Röding, 1798** Distorsio anus Linnaeus, 1758** Distorsio constricta Broderip, 1833...
    
    
  • Family Pisanianuridae
    Pisanianuridae
    Pisanianuridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Pisanianura Rovereto, 1899** Pisanianura grimaldii Dautzenberg, 1899...
    
    
  • Family Ranellidae
    Ranellidae
    Ranellidae, common name the triton shells or tritons, is a taxonomic family of small to very large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Subfamilies:...
    
    
• Superfamily Vanikoroidea
  Vanikoroidea
  Vanikoroidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:Families within the superfamily Vanikoroidea include:*Family Vanikoridae Gray, 1840 *Family Haloceratidae Warén & Bouchet, 1991...
  
  
  • Family Vanikoridae
    Vanikoridae
    Vanikoridae is a family of very small or medium sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Genera and species :Genera and species within the family Vanikoridae include:* Genus Caledoniella...
    
    
  • Family Haloceratidae
    Haloceratidae
    Haloceratidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Genera :Genera within the family Haloceratidae include:* Genus Haloceras W.H. Dall, 1889** Haloceras carinata Jeffreys, 1883...
    
    
  • Family Hipponicidae
    Hipponicidae
    Hipponicidae, common name hoof shells or hoof snails, is a family of small sea snails, limpet-like marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Vanikoroidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Hipponicidae include:...
    
    
  • † Family Omalaxidae
    Omalaxidae
    Omalaxidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
• Superfamily Velutinoidea
  Velutinoidea
  Velutinoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:*Family Velutinidae Gray, 1840**Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840**Subfamily Lamellariinae d'Orbigny, 1841*Family Triviidae Troschel, 1863...
  
  
  • Family Velutinidae
    Velutinidae
    Velutinidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :* subfamily Velutininae J. E...
    
    
  • Family Triviidae
    Triviidae
    Triviidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:The following subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi in 2005:*Eratoinae Gill, 1871**tribe Eratoini Gill, 1871...
    
    
• Superfamily Vermetoidea
  • Family Vermetidae
    Vermetidae
    Vermetidae, common name the worm snails or worm shells, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
• Superfamily Xenophoroidea
  Xenophoroidea
  The Xenophoroidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:The following families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :* family Xenophoridae* family † Lamelliphoridae...
  
  
  • Family Xenophoridae
    Xenophoridae
    Xenophoridae, common name carrier shells, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
    
    
  • † Family Lamelliphoridae
    Lamelliphoridae
    Lamelliphoridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Lamelliphoridae has no subfamilies....
    
    

Informal group Ptenoglossa

Ptenoglossa

The Ptenoglossa is an informal taxonomic group of sea snails.It was considered paraphyletic or polyphyletic by Ponder and Lindberg in their classification of the molluscs.-Taxonomy:*Superfamily Epitonioidea**Family Epitoniidae**Family Janthinidae...

 

• Superfamily Epitonioidea
  Epitonioidea
  Epitonioidea is a superfamily of planktonic and ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs within the informal group Ptenoglossa. This superfamily includes the wentletraps and the purple snails.-Taxonomy:...
  
  
  • Family Epitoniidae
  • Family Janthinidae
    Janthinidae
    Janthinidae, common name the purple snails or violet snails, are a family of pelagic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Ptenoglossa of the clade Hypsogastropoda....
    
    
  • Family Nystiellidae
    Nystiellidae
    Nystiellidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Epitonioidea which includes the wentletraps, the purple snails and their allies. This family was previously considered as a subfamily of Epitoniidae...
    
    
• Superfamily Eulimoidea
  Eulimoidea
  The Eulimoidea is a superfamily of ectoparasitic sea snails, terrestrial and marine gastropod molluscs within the informal group Ptenoglossa.-Taxonomy:Families and subfamilies within this superfamily are as follows:*Family Eulimidae R.A. Philippi, 1853...
  
  
  • Family Eulimidae
    Eulimidae
    Eulimidae is a family of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Eulimoidea.These small snails live on or in echinoderms and have a proboscis which they extend into their host's body cavity.-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Aclididae
    Aclididae
    Aclididae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, in the superfamily Eulimoidea.-Taxonomy:Genera in the family Aclididae include:* Abyssoaclis de Barros et al., 2003* Aclis S.L. Lovén, 1846 - type genus...
    
    
• Superfamily Triphoroidea
  Triphoroidea
  The Triphoroidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromollusks within the informal group Ptenoglossa.-Taxonomy:Families and subfamilies within this superfamily are as follows:...
  
  
  • Family Triphoridae
    Triphoridae
    Triphoridae are a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group Ptenoglossa in the clade Hypsogastropoda. Almost all the species in this family are micromollusks.-Shell description:...
    
    
  • Family Cerithiopsidae
    Cerithiopsidae
    Cerithiopsidae are a family of very small and minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the informal group Ptenoglossa. Gastropods in this family are known as cerithiopsids....
    
    
  • Family Newtoniellidae
    Newtoniellidae
    Newtoniellidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Triphoroidea.It contains the following subfamilies :* Adelacerithiinae** Adelacerithium Ludbrook, 1941* Ataxocerithiinae...
    
    

Clade Neogastropoda

Neogastropoda

Neogastropoda is an unranked taxonomic clade of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. For many years prior to 2005 Neogastropoda was an order.- Description :...

 

• Unassigned to a superfamily
  • † Family Johnwyattiidae
    Johnwyattiidae
    Johnwyattiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Perissityidae
    Perissityidae
    Perissityidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, i.e., marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Sarganidae
    Sarganidae
    Sarganidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Speightiidae
    Speightiidae
    Speightiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.This family is not assigned to a superfamily. It has been traditionally classified near the family Turridae. But in 1993 it has been shown that many if not all species from this family should fall under the family...
    
    
  • † Family Taiomidae
    Taiomidae
    Taiomidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Weeksiidae
    Weeksiidae
    Weeksiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
• Superfamily Buccinoidea
  Buccinoidea
  Buccinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of very small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.This superfamily is in the clade Neogastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda...
  
  
  • Family Buccinidae
    Buccinidae
    Buccinidae is a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.True whelks are mostly marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda...
    
    
  • Family Colubrariidae
    Colubrariidae
    Colubrariidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:* Colubraria Schumacher, 1817* Cumia Bivona-Bernardi, 1838...
    
    
  • Family Columbellidae
    Columbellidae
    Columbellidae, common name the "dove snails" or "dove shells" are a family of minute to small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.-Distribution:...
    
    
  • Family Fasciolariidae
    Fasciolariidae
    Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea....
    
    
  • Family Nassariidae
    Nassariidae
    Nassariidae, common name nassa mud snails , or dog whelks , are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.-Shell description:...
    
    
  • Family Melongenidae
    Melongenidae
    Melongenidae, the crown conchs, busycon whelks and their relatives, are a taxonomic family of large to very large marine gastropods in the clade Neogastropoda.- Taxonomy :Genera Busycon and Busycotypus were placed in Melongenidae...
    
    
• Superfamily Muricoidea
  Muricoidea
  Muricoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.This superfamily includes the murex snails, the chank snails, the true whelks, the dove snails, the crown conchs and busycon whelks, the spindle and tulip snails, the volutes and...
  
  
  • Family Muricidae
    Muricidae
    Muricidae, common name murex snails or rock snails, is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails. With approximately 1,600 living species the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognised...
    
    
  • Family Babyloniidae
    Babyloniidae
    Babyloniidae is a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Muricoidea.-Genera and species:Genera and species within the Babyloniidae are as follows:*Genus Acinopsis T.A...
    
    
  • Family Costellariidae
    Costellariidae
    Costellariidae sometimes called the "ribbed miters" is a taxonomic family of minute to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This family of snails is also sometimes referred to as Vexillum miters...
    
    
  • Family Cystiscidae
    Cystiscidae
    Cystiscidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks.- Description :The shell is minute to large, either white, uniformly colored, or patterned; the surface is smooth, sculptured, or axially costate; the spire is flat to immersed, or low to tall; the...
    
    
  • Family Harpidae
    Harpidae
    Harpidae, common name the harp snails, is a taxonomic family of large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.- Subfamilies and genera :...
    
    
  • Family Marginellidae
    Marginellidae
    Marginellidae, or the margin shells, are a taxonomic family of small, often colorful, sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Neogastropoda.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Mitridae
    Mitridae
    Mitridae, known as mitre shells, are a taxonomic family of sea snails, widely distributed marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Neogastropoda....
    
    
  • † Family Pholidotomidae
    Pholidotomidae
    Pholidotomidae is an extinct taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • Family Pleioptygmatidae
  • Family Strepsiduridae
    Strepsiduridae
    Strepsiduridae is a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Muricoidea, but its position is doubtful....
    
    
  • Family Turbinellidae
    Turbinellidae
    Turbinellidae are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Neogastropoda.-Distribution:Species in this family are found world-wide, mostly in tropical shallow waters but some in deep waters.- Subfamilies :...
    
    
  • Family Volutidae
    Volutidae
    Volutidae, common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm, marine gastropod mollusks...
    
    
  • Family Volutomitridae
    Volutomitridae
    Volutomitridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Muricoidea.-Genera:The family Volutomitridae contains six genera and about fifty described recent species:* Conomitra Conrad, 1865* Magdalemitra Kilburn, 1974...
    
    
• Superfamily Olivoidea
  Olivoidea
  Olivoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of minute to medium-large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.-Taxonomy:...
  
  
  • Family Olividae
  • Family Olivellidae
    Olivellidae
    Olivellidae, common name the "dwarf olives", are a family of small predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells. The shells sometimes show muted but attractive colors, and may have some patterning....
    
    
• Superfamily Pseudolivoidea
  Pseudolivoidea
  Pseudolivoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.-Taxonomy:According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the superfamily Pseudolivoidea has two families:...
  
  
  • Family Pseudolividae
    Pseudolividae
    Pseudolividae is a taxonomic family sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.-Taxonomy:According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Pseudolividae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Ptychatractidae
    Ptychatractidae
    Ptychatractidae is a taxonomic family sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Ptychatractidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily Conoidea
  Conoidea
  Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and considered by one authority to contain 4,000 named living species...
  
  
  • Family Conidae
  • Family Clavatulidae
    Clavatulidae
    Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.The family is not well differentiated morphologically....
    
    
  • Family Drilliidae
    Drilliidae
    Drilliidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Description:...
    
    
  • Family Pseudomelatomidae
    Pseudomelatomidae
    Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea and part of the Neogastropoda...
    
    
  • Family Strictispiridae
    Strictispiridae
    Strictispiridae is a taxonomic family sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera in the family Strictispiridae include:*Cleospira McLean, 1971** Cleospira bicolor...
    
    
  • Family Terebridae
    Terebridae
    The Terebridae, commonly referred to as auger shells or auger snails, are a group or taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • Family Turridae
    Turridae
    Turridae, , is a large taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, that vary in size from minute to moderately large. With more than 4,000 species, the Turridae is the largest mollusk family and group of marine caenogastropods...
    
    
• Superfamily Cancellarioidea
  • Family Cancellariidae
    Cancellariidae
    Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda...
    
    

Clade Heterobranchia

Heterobranchia

Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs or Euthyneura, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks....

 

Contains the informal groups Heterobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata

Informal group "Lower Heterobranchia

Lower Heterobranchia

Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly-evolved sea slugs and sea snails, within the clade Heterobranchia...

" (= Allogastropoda)

• Unassigned to a superfamily
  • Family Cimidae
    Cimidae
    The Cimidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- Genera :* Cima Chaster, 1898* Graphis Jeffreys, 1867- External links :...
    
    
  • † Family Dolomitellidae
    Dolomitellidae
    The Dolomitellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Heterosubulitidae
    Heterosubulitidae
    †Heterosubulitidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia....
    
    
  • † Family Kuskokwimiidae
    Kuskokwimiidae
    Kuskokwimiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Misurinellidae
    Misurinellidae
    The Misurinellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Misureinellidae include:* Misurinella Bandel, 1994, the type genus...
    
    
  • Family Orbitestellidae
    Orbitestellidae
    Orbitestellidae are a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Orbitestellidae include:* Microdiscula* Orbitestella Iredale, 1917...
    
    
  • Family Tjaernoeiidae
    Tjaernoeiidae
    Tjaernoeia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Tjaernoeia is the only genus in the family Tjaernoeiidae.- Species :Species in the genus Tjaernoeia include:...
    
    
  • Family Xylodisculidae
    Xylodisculidae
    The Xylodisculidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
• Superfamily Acteonoidea
  Acteonoidea
  Acteonoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi , the superfamily Acteonoidea has been included into the informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" , also known as the Allogastropoda.Only one of analyses by Jörger...
  
  
  • Family Acteonidae
    Acteonidae
    Acteonidae, common name the "barrel bubble snails", is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks of the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Shell description:The shell is usually smaller than 25 mm...
    
    
  • † Family Acteonellidae
    Acteonellidae
    Acteonellidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia .- Taxonomy :* Acteonellinae** Acteonella d'Orbigny, 1843 - type genus...
    
    
  • Family Aplustridae
  • Family Bullinidae
    Bullinidae
    Bullinidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acteonoidea.Synonyms for this family are Nonacteoninidae Bandel, 1994 and Sulcoactaeonidae Gründel, 1997....
    
    
  • † Family Zardinellidae
    Zardinellidae
    The Zardinellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
• Superfamily Architectonicoidea
  • Family Architectonicidae
    Architectonicidae
    Architectonicidae, common name the staircase shells or sundials, are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" of the clade Heterobranchia....
    
    
  • † Family Amphitomariidae
    Amphitomariidae
    The Amphitomariidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.This family has no subfamilies.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Cassianaxidae
    Cassianaxidae
    The Cassianaxidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.This family has no subfamilies.- References :*...
    
    
• Superfamily Glacidorboidea
  • Family Glacidorbidae
    Glacidorbidae
    The Glacidorbidae is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails, gastropod mollusks in the clade Panpulmonata.- 2005 taxonomy :Glacidorbidae is the only family in the superfamily Glacidorboidea. Glacidorboidea has been classified within the informal group Lower Heterobranchia in the taxonomy of...
    
    
• Superfamily Mathildoidea
  Mathildoidea
  Mathildoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Families:Families within the superfamily Mathildoidea include:*Family Mathildidae* † Family Ampezzanildidae* † Family Anoptychiidae...
  
  
  • Family Mathildidae
    Mathildidae
    Mathildidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group of the Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Mathildidae include:* Gegania Jeffreys, 1884* Mathilda Semper, 1865...
    
    
  • † Family Ampezzanildidae
    Ampezzanildidae
    The Ampezzanildidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Anoptychiidae
    Anoptychiidae
    †Anoptychiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Gordenellidae
    Gordenellidae
    Gordenellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Gordenellidae include: * Gordenella, the type genus* Turritelloidea- References :...
    
    
  • † Family Tofanellidae
    Tofanellidae
    The Tofanellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- Subfamilies :...
    
    
  • † Family Trachoecidae
    Trachoecidae
    The Trachoecidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
• Superfamily Nerineoidea
  Nerineoidea
  †Nerineoidea is a superfamily of extinct sea snails, fossil marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Families:Families within the superfamily Nerineoidea include:* † Family Nerineidae* † Family Ceritellidae...
  
  
  • † Family Nerineidae
    Nerineidae
    The Nerineidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Nerineidae include:* Nerinea, the type genus* Bactroptyxis...
    
    
  • † Family Ceritellidae
    Ceritellidae
    The †Ceritellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Nerinellidae
    Nerinellidae
    †Nerinellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia....
    
    
• Superfamily Omalogyroidea
  Omalogyroidea
  Omalogyroidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia....
  
  
  • Family Omalogyridae
    Omalogyridae
    Omalogyridae are a family of minute and microscopic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Omalogyridae include:* Ammonicera Vayssiére, 1893...
    
    
  • † Family Studraxidae
    Studraxidae
    The Studraxidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia....
    
    
• Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
  Pyramidelloidea
  Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.This is a voluminous taxon: above the species level close to 400 named taxa are referred to this gastropod superfamily.Pyramidelloidea has both fossil and...
  
  
  • Family Pyramidellidae
    Pyramidellidae
    Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs....
    
    
  • Family Amathinidae
    Amathinidae
    Amathinidae, is a taxonomic family mostly consisting of small and minute sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the superfamily Pyramidelloidea....
    
    
  • † Family Heteroneritidae
    Heteroneritidae
    †Heteroneritidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamilia Pyramidelloidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Murchisonellidae
    Murchisonellidae
    Murchisonellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pyramidelloidea.- 1999 taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Ringiculoidea
  • Family Ringiculidae
    Ringiculidae
    Ringiculidae are a family of minute deep water sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Ringiculidae is the only family within the superfamily Ringiculoidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Rissoelloidea
  • Family Rissoellidae
    Rissoellidae
    Rissoellidae are a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Rissoellidae is the only family within the superfamily Rissoelloidea in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005....
    
    
• Superfamily Streptacidoidea
  Streptacidoidea
  Streptacidoidea is a superfamily of extinct sea snails, fossil marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia....
  
  
  • † Family Streptacididae
    Streptacididae
    The Streptacididae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • † Family Cassianebalidae
    Cassianebalidae
    The Cassianebalidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
• Superfamily Valvatoidea
  Valvatoidea
  Valvatoidea is a superfamily of minute freshwater and marine snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Taxonomy:*Family Valvatidae*Family Cornirostridae*Family Hyalogyrinidae* † Family Provalvatidae...
  
  
  • Family Valvatidae
    Valvatidae
    Valvatidae, the valve snails, is a taxonomic family of very small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Cornirostridae
    Cornirostridae
    The Cornirostridae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    
  • Family Hyalogyrinidae
    Hyalogyrinidae
    The Hyalogyrinidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.-Genera:Genera within the family Hyalogyrinidae include:* Hyalogyra Marshall, 1988* Hyalogyrina Marshall, 1988...
    
    
  • † Family Provalvatidae
    Provalvatidae
    The Provalvatidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.- References :*...
    
    

Informal group Opisthobranchia

Opisthobranchia

Opisthobranchs are a large and diverse group of specialized complex marine gastropods previously united under Opisthobranchia within the Heterobranchia, but no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping...

 

Contains the clades Cephalaspidea, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, Aplysiomorpha, Sacoglossa, Umbraculida, Nudipleura and the groups Acochlidiacea and Cylindrobullida.

Clade Cephalaspidea

Cephalaspidea

The suborder Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble snails, is a clade of sea slugs and bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the larger clade Euopisthobranchia....

 

• Superfamily Bulloidea
  Bulloidea
  Bulla is a genus of medium to large hermaphrodite sea snails, shelled marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs. These herbivorous snails are in the suborder Cephalaspidea, headshield slugs, and the order Opisthobranchia...
  
  
  • Family Bullidae
• Superfamily Diaphanoidea
  Diaphanoidea
  Diaphanoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails....
  
  
  • Family Diaphanidae
    Diaphanidae
    Diaphanidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Diaphanoidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails....
    
    
  • Family Notodiaphanidae
    Notodiaphanidae
    Notodiaphana fragilis is a species of marine snail, gastropod mollusk in the clade Architectibranchia.Notodiaphana fragilis is the only species in the genus Notodiaphana...
    
    
• Superfamily Haminoeoidea
  Haminoeoidea
  Haminoeoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small sea snails or bubble shells, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails....
  
  
  • Family Haminoeidae
    Haminoeidae
    Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea....
    
    
  • Family Bullactidae
  • Family Smaragdinellidae
• Superfamily Philinoidea
  Philinoidea
  Philinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically headshield slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cephalaspidea.-Anatomy:They are generally small animals, and have no shell or gills...
  
  
  • Family Philinidae
    Philinidae
    Philinidae is a family of medium-sized, sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. They are headshield slugs, in the Cephalaspidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Philinidae include:* Johania Monterosato, 1884* Laona A. Adams, 1865...
    
    
  • Family Aglajidae
    Aglajidae
    Aglajidae is a family of often colorful, medium-sized, sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. These are not nudibranchs; instead they are headshield slugs, in the clade Cephalaspidea.-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Cylichnidae
    Cylichnidae
    Cylichnidae, common name the "chalice bubble snails" or "canoe bubble snails" is a family of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Philinoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Gastropteridae
    Gastropteridae
    Gastropteridae is a family of sea slugs, gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Philinoidea of the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails....
    
    
  • Family Philinoglossidae
    Philinoglossidae
    Philinoglossidae is a family of marine snails, gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Philinoidea.- Genera :* Philinoglossa Hertling, 1932** Philinoglossa helgolandica Hertling, 1932** Philinoglossa remanei Marcus & Marcus, 1958...
    
    
  • Family Plusculidae
    Plusculidae
    Pluscula cuica is a species of marine snail, gastropod mollusk in the superfamily Philinoidea within the clade Cephalaspidea.Pluscula cuica is the only species in the genus Pluscula. Genus Pluscula is the only genus in the family Plusculidae....
    
    
  • Family Retusidae
    Retusidae
    Retusidae is a family of small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. They are headshield slugs, in the clade Cephalaspidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Retusidae include:* Coleophysis* Cylichnina Monterosato, 1884...
    
    
• Superfamily Runcinoidea
  Runcinoidea
  Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily or a clade Runcinaecea Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) or a clade Runcinaecea Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet &...
  
  
  • Family Runcinidae
    Runcinidae
    Runcinidae is a family of medium-sized, sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. They are headshield slugs, in the clade Cephalaspidea ....
    
    
  • Family Ilbiidae
    Ilbiidae
    Ilbiidae is a family of marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Cephalaspidea ....
    
    

Clade Thecosomata 

• Superfamily Cavolinioidea
  Cavolinioidea
  The superfamily Cavolinioidea is the most speciose group of sea butterflies. Sea butterflies are pelagic marine gastropods, so called because they swim by flapping their wing-like parapodia.-Distribution:...
  
  
  • Family Cavoliniidae
    Cavoliniidae
    The family Cavoliniidae is a taxonomic group of small floating sea snails, pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. This family is part of a larger group which is commonly known as the sea butterflies because they swim by flapping what appear to be small "wings".-Distribution:This family of...
    
    
  • Family Limacinidae
    Limacinidae
    Limacinidae is a family of small sea snails, pteropods, pelagic marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Thecosomata .-Genera:Genera within the family Limacinidae include:...
    
    
  • † Family Sphaerocinidae
    Sphaerocinidae
    Sphaerocinidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails and sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks within the informal group Opisthobranchia....
    
    
• Superfamily Cymbulioidea
  Cymbulioidea
  Cymbulioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of pelagic "sea butterflies". These are holoplanktonic opisthobranch molluscs in the clade Thecosomata.-Anatomy:...
  
  
  • Family Cymbuliidae
    Cymbuliidae
    Cymbuliidae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea.- Description :...
    
    
  • Family Desmopteridae
    Desmopteridae
    Desmopteridae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea.This family has no subfamilies ....
    
    
  • Family Peraclidae
    Peraclidae
    Peraclidae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea.This family has no subfamilies ....
    
    

Clade Gymnosomata 

• Superfamily Clionoidea
  Clionoidea
  Clionoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically naked pteropods, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Gymnosomata...
  
  
  • Family Clionidae
    Clionidae
    Clionidae is a family of sea angels, which are a group of pelagic marine gastropods.They are shaped a little like angels, and have flapping "wings", hence their common name. They are gelatinous, mostly transparent pteropods, and they only have shells in their embryonic stage...
    
    
  • Family Cliopsidae
    Cliopsidae
    Cliopsidae, common name sea angels, are a taxonomic family of small free-swimming sea slugs, pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the order Opisthobranchia....
    
    
  • Family Notobranchaeidae
    Notobranchaeidae
    Notobranchaeidae is a taxonomic family of floating sea slugs or "sea angels", pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks.The small pelagic snails of this family have no shell...
    
    
  • Family Pneumodermatidae
    Pneumodermatidae
    Pneumodermatidae is a family of sea angels, or small floating predatory sea snails or sea slugs. They are pelagic marine heterobranch opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Gymnosomata....
    
    
• Superfamily Hydromyloidea
  Hydromyloidea
  Hydromyloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically sea angels, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the order Gymnosomata.-Taxonomy:There are two families within the superfamily Hydromyloidea:* Family Hydromylidae...
  
  
  • Family Hydromylidae
    Hydromylidae
    Hydromylidae is a taxonomic family of small sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the suborder Gymnosomata, the sea angels.Hydromyles species are pelagic, carnivorous and viviparous.-Description:...
    
    
  • Family Laginiopsidae
    Laginiopsidae
    Laginiopsidae are a taxonomic family of floating and swimming sea snails, sea slugs or sea angels, pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the suborder Gymnosomata, the sea angels....
    
    

Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea)

• Superfamily Aplysioidea
  • Family Aplysiidae
    Aplysiidae
    The superfamily Aplysioidea is a superfamily of mostly rather large sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Aplysiomorpha within the informal group Opisthobranchia.This superfamily contains only one family, the Aplysiidae; the sea hares...
    
    
• Superfamily Akeroidea
  • Family Akeridae
    Akeridae
    Akeridae is a small taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs belonging to the superfamily Akeroidea, the sea hares. The family, in its original spelling "Aceridae", has previously been attributed in error to Pilsbry, 1893....
    
    

Group Acochlidiacea

Acochlidiacea

Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia...

 

• Superfamily Acochlidioidea
  • Family Acochlidiidae
    Acochlidiidae
    Acochlidiidae are a taxonomic family of shell-less freshwater gastropods , aquatic gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Hedylopsoidea
  Hedylopsoidea
  Hedylopsoidea was defined as a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, mostly marine gastropod mollusks within the informal group Opisthobranchia according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi ....
  
  
  • Family Hedylopsidae
    Hedylopsidae
    Hedylopsis is a genus of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea.- Taxonomy :Hedylopsidae has been classified within the superfamily Hedylopsoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi ....
    
    
  • Family Ganitidae
  • Family Livorniellidae
  • Family Minicheviellidae
    Minicheviellidae
    Asperspina is a genus of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea.- Taxonomy :Asperspinidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi ....
    
    
  • Family Parhedylidae
  • Family Tantulidae
    Tantulidae
    Not to be confused with Tantalum.Tantulum elegans is a species of freshwater gastropod, aquatic gastropod mollusk within the clade Acochlidiacea.This species has no shell...
    
    
• Superfamily Palliohedyloidea
  • Family Palliohedylidae
• Superfamily Strubellioidea
  Strubellioidea
  Strubellioidea was defined as a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, mostly marine gastropod mollusks within the informal group Opisthobranchia according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi ....
  
  
  • Family Strubelliidae
    Strubelliidae
    Strubellia paradoxa is a shell-less freshwater gastropod, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea.Strubellia paradoxa is the only species in the genus Strubellia.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Pseudunelidae

Subclade Oxynoacea 

• Superfamily Oxynooidea
  Oxynooidea
  Oxynooidea is a superfamily of small sea snails, bubble snails and bivalved gastropods, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Sacoglossa.Oxynooidea is the only superfamily in the clade Oxynoacea.-Taxonomy:* clade Oxynoacea...
  
  
  • Family Oxynoidae
    Oxynoidae
    Oxynoidae is a family of sea snails, bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:The following three genera or four are included in the family Oxynoidae:...
    
    
  • Family Juliidae
    Juliidae
    Juliidae, common name the bivalved gastropods, is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group....
    
    
  • Family Volvatellidae
    Volvatellidae
    Volvatellidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:There are two genera in the family Volvatellidae:* Ascobulla Marcus, 1972* Volvatella Pease, 1860...
    
    

Subclade Placobranchacea

Placobranchacea

The Placobranchacea are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sacoglossa.-Taxonomy:*Superfamily Placobranchoidea**Family Placobranchidae**Family Boselliidae**Family Platyhedylidae*Superfamily Limapontioidea...

 

• Superfamily Placobranchoidea
  Placobranchoidea
  Placobranchoidea are a superfamily of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Sacoglossa....
  
  
  • Family Placobranchidae
  • Family Boselliidae
    Boselliidae
    Bosellia is a genus of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Placobranchoidea.Bosellia is the only genus in the family Boselliidae. Such families are monotypic families and this family has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Platyhedylidae
    Platyhedylidae
    Platyhedylidae is a family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks.This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :There are two genera in the family Platyhedylidae:* Gascoignella Jensen, 1985* Platyhedyle Salwini-Plawen, 1973 - type genus...
    
    
• Superfamily Limapontioidea
  Limapontioidea
  Limapontioidea are a superfamily of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Sacoglossa.-Families:Families within the superfamily Limapontioidea include:*Family Limapontiidae*Family Caliphyllidae*Family Hermaeidae...
  
  
  • Family Limapontiidae
  • Family Caliphyllidae
    Caliphyllidae
    Caliphyllidae is a taxonomic family of sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:There are five genera in the family Caliphyllidae:* Caliphylla A...
    
    
  • Family Hermaeidae
    Hermaeidae
    Hermaeidae is a taxonomic family of sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Limapontioidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    

Clade Umbraculida 

• Superfamily Umbraculoidea
  Umbraculoidea
  The superfamily Umbraculoidea are marine gastropod molluscs.These are two families of unusual false limpets, with a thin soft patelliform shell.-Taxonomy:...
  
  
  • Family Umbraculidae
    Umbraculidae
    Umbraculidae are a taxonomic family of unusual sea snails or limpets, marine opistobranch gastropod molluscs in the clade Umbraculida.-Genera:Genera within the family Umbraculidae include:* Umbraculum Schumacher, 1817* Spiricella Rang, 1828...
    
    
  • Family Tylodinidae
    Tylodinidae
    Tylodinidae is a family of sea snails or limpets, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Umbraculoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    

Subclade Pleurobranchomorpha 

• Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea
  • Family Pleurobranchidae
    Pleurobranchidae
    The Pleurobranchidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Notaspidea.The species in the family Pleurobranchidae have a prominent mantle and an internal shell that becomes reduced or is lost in adults. Some adult species have been seen feeding on ascidians...
    
    

Subclade Nudibranchia 

Contains the clades Euctinidiacea and Dexiarchia

• Unassigned to superfamily
  • Family Rhodopidae
    Rhodopidae
    Rhodopidae is a taxonomic family of dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks.-Taxonomy:Genera within the family Rhodopidae include:* Helminthope* Rhodope Boss,1982* Rhodoplana-Further reading:* Haszprunar, G.; Huber, G...
    
    

Clade Euctenidiacea

Euctenidiacea

The Euctenidiacea are a taxonomic family of sea snails or slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Notaspidea.A phylogenetical study, published in 2000, by Wägele & Willan has shown that the subclade Gnathodoridacea and the subclade Doridacea each form a monophyletic group.In a later study,...

 (= Holohepatica)

Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and Doridacea

Subclade Doridacea

Doridacea

Doridacea is a taxonomic grouping of dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks. included in the clade Euctenidiacea of the clade Nudibranchia.- Taxonomy :*Superfamily Doridoidea**Family Dorididae**Family Actinocyclidae...

• Superfamily Doridoidea
  Doridoidea
  Doridoidea, commonly known as dorid nudibranchs, are a taxonomic superfamily of medium to large, shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea, included in the clade Nudibranchia....
  
  
  • Family Dorididae
  • Family Actinocyclidae
    Actinocyclidae
    Actinocyclidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea.-Taxonomy :Genera within the family Actinocyclidae include:...
    
    
  • Family Chromodorididae
    Chromodorididae
    Chromodorididae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, colorful, sea slugs; dorid nudibranchs in the superfamily Doridoidea. These are marine gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • Family Discodorididae
    Discodorididae
    Discodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. Species in this family belong to the cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs, i.e. they are able to retract their gills into a gill pocket . Most are small and hard to...
    
    
• Superfamily Phyllidioidea
  Phyllidioidea
  Phyllidioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks.-Taxonomy:*Family Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814*Family Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924*Family Mandeliidae Valdés & Gosliner, 1999...
  
  
  • Family Phyllidiidae
    Phyllidiidae
    Phyllidiidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Phyllidioidea.This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea .-Distribution:...
    
    
  • Family Dendrodorididae
    Dendrodorididae
    Dendrodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the Superfamily Phyllidioidea.- Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Mandeliidae
    Mandeliidae
    Mandeliidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Phyllidioidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea. The family is named for the former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela-External links:...
    
    
• Superfamily Onchidoridoidea
  Onchidoridoidea
  Onchidoridoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks.-Families:Families within the superfamily Onchidoridoidea are based on the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi as follows:...
  
  
  • Family Onchidorididae
    Onchidorididae
    Onchidorididae are a taxonomic family of dorid nudibranchs or sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs.-Genera:Genera in the family Onchodorididae include:* Acanthodoris Gray, 1850, see Orange-peel doris* Adalaria Bergh, 1879...
    
    
  • Family Corambidae
    Corambidae
    Corambidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea....
    
    
  • Family Goniodorididae
    Goniodorididae
    Goniodorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Opisthobranchia.-Genera:Genera in the family Goniodorididae include:* Ancula Lovén, 1846* Goniodoris Forbes & Goodsir, 1939...
    
    
• Superfamily Polyceroidea
  Polyceroidea
  Polyceroidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea.-Families:Families within the superfamily Polyceroidea include:*Family Polyceridae...
  
   (= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
  • Family Polyceridae
    Polyceridae
    Polyceridae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the Superfamily Polyceroidea.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Aegiretidae - Aegiretidae is incorrect subsequent spelling of this family in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Correct is Aegiridae.
  • Family Gymnodorididae
    Gymnodorididae
    Gymnodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Polyceroidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:Genera in the family Gymnodorididae include:...
    
    
  • Family Hexabranchidae
    Hexabranchidae
    Hexabranchidae is a taxonomic family of the colorful sea slugs which are known as nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod mollusks.This family is one of the many families of dorid nudibranchs in the suborder Doridina, named after Doris, who was a sea nymph in ancient Greek mythology.The family...
    
    
  • Family Okadaiidae
    Okadaiidae
    Okadaiidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Polyceroidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea.This family has no subfamilies....
    
    

Clade Dexiarchia

Dexiarchia

The Dexiarchia are a clade of sea slugs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudipleura.This classification is based on the study by Schrödl et al., published in 2001, who recognized within this clade two clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia.- Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ...

 (= Actenidiacea)

Contains the clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia

Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea  ( = Doridoxida)

• Superfamily Doridoxoidea
  Doridoxoidea
  Doridoxidae, commonly known as dorid nudibranchs, are a taxonomic family of medium to large, shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Nudibranchia within the clade Dexiarchia....
  
  
  • Family Doridoxidae

Clade Cladobranchia

Cladobranchia

The Cladobranchia are a taxonomic clade of nudibranch sea snails or slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Dexiarchia.-Taxonomy:**Family Charcotiidae**Family Dironidae**Family Dotidae**Family Embletoniidae**Family Goniaeolididae**Family Heroidae...

 ( = Cladohepatica)

Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida

• Not assigned to a superfamily
  • Family Charcotiidae
    Charcotiidae
    Charcotiidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs, in the clade Euthyneura. There are no subfamilies in Charcotiidae...
    
    
  • Family Dironidae
    Dironidae
    Dironidae is a family of nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs, in the clade Euthyneura. There are no subfamilies in Dironidae.- References :...
    
    
  • Family Dotidae
    Dotidae
    Dotidae are a taxonomic family of small sea slugs, nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs in the order Opisthobranchia.This family has also been spelled in the past as "Dotonidae" and "Dotoidae"...
    
    
  • Family Embletoniidae
    Embletoniidae
    Embletoniidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs, in the clade Nudipleura. There are no subfamilies in the Embletoniidae....
    
    
  • Family Goniaeolididae
    Goniaeolididae
    Goniaeolididae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs, in the informal group Nudipleura. There are no subfamilies in Goniaeolididae....
    
    
  • Family Heroidae
    Heroidae
    Heroidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudipleura. There are no subfamilies in Heroidae.The only genus in the family is Hero and it has two known species, Hero blanchardi and Hero formosa....
    
    
  • Family Madrellidae
    Madrellidae
    Madrellidae is a family of nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs, in the clade Nudipleura. There are no subfamilies in Madrellidae.-Genera:Genera and species within the family Madrellidae include:* Madrella**Madrella ferruginosa...
    
    
  • Family Pinufiidae
    Pinufiidae
    Pinufiidae is a family of sea slugs, specifically nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs, in the clade Nudipleura. There are no subfamilies in Pinufiidae.- References :...
    
    
  • Family Proctonotidae

Subclade Euarminida

• Superfamily Arminoidea
  Arminoidea
  Arminoidea is a superfamily of small sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudibranchia.Arminoidea is the only superfamily in the clade Euarminida.-Families :A study, published in 2000, has demonstrated that Arminoidea is paraphyletic....
  
  
  • Family Arminidae
    Arminidae
    Arminidae is a family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arminoidea.- Taxonomy :The Arminidae family is classified within the clade Cladobranchia, itself belonging to the clade Nudibranchia .This family has been renamed several times...
    
    
  • Family Doridomorphidae
    Doridomorphidae
    Doridomorphidae is a taxonomic family of colorful sea slugs or nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod molluscs.-Genera :Genera and species within the family Facelinidae include:*Doridoeides**Doridoeides gardineri Eliot & Evans, 1908...
    
    

Subclade Dendronotida

• Superfamily Tritonioidea
  Tritonioidea
  Tritonioidea is a superfamily of small sea slugs, nudibranchs. These are marine gastropod mollusks.Tritonioidea is the only superfamily in the clade Dendronotida....
  
  
  • Family Tritoniidae
    Tritoniidae
    Tritoniidae are a taxonomic family of dendronotid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs.-Genera:Genera in the family Tritoniidae include:* Marionia Vayssiere, 1877* Trochuina Odhner, 1963* Tritonia Cuvier, 1798* Tritonidoxa Bergh, 1907...
    
    
  • Family Aranucidae
    Aranucidae
    Aranucidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.- Taxonomy :This family is within the clade Cladobranchia...
    
    
  • Family Bornellidae
    Bornellidae
    Bornellidae is a family of sea snails or sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.This family is within the clade Cladobranchia .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Dendronotidae
    Dendronotidae
    Dendronotidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.This family is within the clade Cladobranchia .-Description:...
    
    
  • Family Hancockiidae
    Hancockiidae
    Hancockiidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.This family is within the clade Cladobranchia .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Lomanotidae
    Lomanotidae
    Lomanotidae is a family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.The family Lomanotidae has no subfamilies.-Genera :Genera within the family Lomanotidae include:* Lomanotus Verany, 1844 - type genus...
    
    
  • Family Phylliroidae
    Phylliroidae
    Phylliroidae are a taxonomic family of nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Opisthobranchia.-Genera:Genera in the family Phylliroidae include:* Phylliroe Peron and Lesueur, 1810-References:...
    
    
  • Family Scyllaeidae
    Scyllaeidae
    Scyllaeidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.This family is within the clade Cladobranchia .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Tethydidae
    Tethydidae
    Tethydidae is a family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tritonioidea.- Taxonomy :This family is within the clade Cladobranchia and has no subfamilies ....
    
    

Subclade Aeolidida

Aeolidida

The Aeolidida is a taxonomic clade of sea slugs, specifically aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Cladobranchia.-Taxonomy:*Superfamily Flabellinoidea Bergh, 1889**Family Flabellinidae**Family Notaeolidiidae...

• Superfamily Flabellinoidea
  Flabellinoidea
  Flabellinoidea is a superfamily of small sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs. They are gastropod mollusks in the clade Aeolidida.-Families:Families within the superfamily Flabellinoidea as follows:* Family Flabellinidae Bergh, 1889...
  
   ( = Pleuroprocta)
  • Family Flabellinidae
    Flabellinidae
    Flabellinidae is a taxonomic family of brightly-colored sea slugs, specifically nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks.This family has no subfamilies.-Genera and species:Genera and species within the family Flabellinidae include:...
    
    
  • Family Notaeolidiidae
    Notaeolidiidae
    Notaeolidiidae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Flabellinoidea.-Genera:Genera and species within the family Notaeolidiidae include:* Notaeolidia...
    
    
• Superfamily Fionoidea
  Fionoidea
  Fionoidea is a superfamily of small sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs. They are gastropod mollusks within the clade Aeolidida.-Families:Families within the superfamily Fionoidea are as follows:* Family Fionidae Gray, 1857...
  
  
  • Family Fionidae
  • Family Calmidae
    Calmidae
    Calmidae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs. These are specifically aeolid nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Fionoidea.This family has no subfamilies.- External links :*...
    
    
  • Family Eubranchidae
    Eubranchidae
    Eubranchidae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Aeolidioidea, the aeolid nudibranchs.-Genera and species:Genera and species within the family Eubranchidae include:* Baeolidia...
    
    
  • Family Pseudovermidae
    Pseudovermidae
    Pseudovermidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea slugs, specifically aolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusks.This family has no subfamilies.These extremely small sea slugs are meiofauna; they live among sand grains....
    
    
  • Family Tergipedidae
    Tergipedidae
    Tergipedidae is a family of seaslugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Nudibranchia .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Aeolidioidea
  Aeolidioidea
  Aeolidioidea is a superfamily of small sea slugs, the aeolid nudibranchs. They are gastropod mollusks.-2005 taxonomy :The superfamily Aeolidioidea consists of the following four families :* Aeolidiidae Gray, 1827* Facelinidae Bergh, 1889* Glaucidae Gray, 1827* Piseinotecidae Edmunds, 1970Synonyms...
  
  
  • Family Aeolidiidae
    Aeolidiidae
    Aeolidiidae, the aeolid nudibranchs, are a family of Nudibranchs. Many feed on hydroids and thus have highly serrated radular teeth.- Genera :Genera and species within the Aeolidiidae include:* Aeolidia Cuvier, 1797 - type genus...
    
    
  • Family Facelinidae
    Facelinidae
    Facelinidae is a taxonomic family of colorful sea slugs. These are specifically aeolid nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod molluscs.- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Glaucidae
    Glaucidae
    Glaucidae is a taxonomic family of colorful sea slugs. These are specifically aeolid nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Aeolidioidea.-Genera and species:Genera and species within the family Glaucidae include:...
    
    
  • Family Piseinotecidae
    Piseinotecidae
    Piseinotecidae is a taxonomic family of colorful sea slugs. These are specifically aolid nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod molluscs.-Genera and species:Genera and species within the family Piseinotecidae include:* Piseinotecus E. R. Marcus, 1955...
    
    

Informal Group Pulmonata

Pulmonata

The Pulmonata, or "pulmonates", are an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills...

 

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata

Informal Group Basommatophora

Basommatophora

Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails...

 

Contains the clade Hygrophila

• Superfamily Amphiboloidea
  Amphiboloidea
  Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails.- 2005 taxonomy :According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , it is a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora, within the Pulmonata....
  
  
  • Family Amphibolidae
    Amphibolidae
    Amphibolidae is a family of air-breathing snails with opercula, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.The family is considered to be among the most primitive of the pulmonate gastropods, for although amphibolids breathe air, they also have opercula and at least some species go through a...
    
    
• Superfamily Siphonarioidea
  Siphonarioidea
  Siphonarioidea is a taxonomic group of air-breathing sea snails or false limpets.- 2005 taxonomy :Siphonarioidea was previously a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora within the Pulmonata.- 2010 taxonomy :...
  
  
  • Family Siphonariidae
    Siphonariidae
    Siphonariidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing sea snails, marine and brackish water pulmonate gastropod molluscs. These snails are sometimes known as "false limpets" because of the shape of the shell, but they are not at all closely related to true limpets...
    
    
  • † Family Acroreiidae
    Acroreiidae
    † Acroreiidae is an extinct family of air-breathing snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Siphonariidae. The living siphonariids are all marine pulmonates, false sea limpets that breathe air.- Taxonomy :...
    
    

Clade Hygrophila 

• Superfamily Chilinoidea
  Chilinoidea
  Chilinoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Hygrophila....
  
  
  • Family Chilinidae
  • Family Latiidae
• Superfamily Acroloxoidea
  • Family Acroloxidae
    Acroloxidae
    Acroloxidae, commonly known as river limpets, are a taxonomic family of very small, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod limpet-like mollusks with a simple flattened conical shell in the clade Hygrophila....
    
    
• Superfamily Lymnaeoidea
  • Family Lymnaeidae
    Lymnaeidae
    Lymnaeidae is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila....
    
    
• Superfamily Planorboidea
  Planorboidea
  Planorboidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks.The gastropods in this superfamily are all sinistral in shell coiling.The monophyly of Planorboidea has been confirmed by Albrecht et al. ....
  
  
  • Family Planorbidae
    Planorbidae
    Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • Family Physidae
    Physidae
    Physidae, common name bladder snails, are a monophyletic taxonomic family of small freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the clade Hygrophila....
    
    

Clade Eupulmonata

Eupulmonata

The Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.-Linnean taxonomy:...

 

Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora

• Superfamily Trimusculoidea
  • Family Trimusculidae
    Trimusculidae
    Trimusculus is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing sea snails or false limpets, marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs.Trimusculus is the only genus in the family Trimusculidae...
    
    
• Superfamily Otinoidea
  Otinoidea
  Otinoidea is a superfamily of small, air-breathing sea snail and sea slugs, marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
  
  
  • Family Otinidae
  • Family Smeagolidae
    Smeagolidae
    Smeagol is a genus of small air-breathing sea slugs of the upper intertidal zone, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Otinoidea.Smeagol is the only genus in the family Smeagolidae...
    
    
• Superfamily Ellobioidea
  • Family Ellobiidae
    Ellobiidae
    Ellobiidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata. This is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)....
    
    

Clade Systellommatophora

Systellommatophora

The Systellommatophora is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda...

 (= Gymnomorpha)

• Superfamily Onchidioidea
  • Family Onchidiidae
    Onchidiidae
    Onchidiidae are a family of small, air-breathing sea slugs. They are shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Onchidiidae is the only family within the superfamily Onchidioidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Veronicelloidea
  Veronicelloidea
  Veronicelloidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs. They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.- Taxonomy :The following two families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :* family Veronicellidae Gray, 1840...
  
  
  • Family Veronicellidae
    Veronicellidae
    The Veronicellidae, common name the leatherleaf slugs, are a terrestrial family of pulmonate slugs.This family has no subfamilies ....
    
    
  • Family Rathouisiidae
    Rathouisiidae
    Rathouisiidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :The Rathouisiidae family is classified in the clade Systellommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata...
    
    

Clade Stylommatophora

Stylommatophora

Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...

 

Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra

Subclade Elasmognatha

Elasmognatha

Elasmognatha is a taxonomic grouping, a clade, of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.A number of species in this taxonomic group are endangered.- Taxonomy :...

 

• Superfamily Succineoidea
  • Family Succineidae
    Succineidae
    Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing, land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. They are commonly called amber snails because their thin fragile shells are translucent and amber-colored...
    
    
• Superfamily Athoracophoroidea
  • Family Athoracophoridae
    Athoracophoridae
    Athoracophoridae, common name the leaf-veined slugs, are a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora, the stalk-eyed snails and slugs...
    
    

Subclade Orthurethra

Orthurethra

Orthurethra is a clade of terrestrial pulmonate gastropods .In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, Orthurethra is treated as an informal group and subclade of Stylommatophora.- Taxonomy :...

 

• Superfamily Partuloidea
  Partuloidea
  Partuloidea is a a superfamily of air-breathing land snails.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, this superfamily of terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks is in the clade Stylommatophora and the informal group Orthurethra.- Families:Families within the...
  
  
  • Family Partulidae
    Partulidae
    Partulidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora, endemic to Pacific islands.- Genera :Partulidae is divided into three genera:* Eua has four species, confined to Tonga and Samoa....
    
    
  • Family Draparnaudiidae
• Superfamily Achatinelloidea
  • Family Achatinellidae
    Achatinellidae
    Achatinellidae is a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinelloidea.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Cochlicopoidea
  Cochlicopoidea
  Cochlicopoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Orthurethra....
  
  
  • Family Cochlicopidae
    Cochlicopidae
    Cochlicopidae is a taxonomic family of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cochlicopoidea.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Amastridae
    Amastridae
    Amastridae is a taxonomic family of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cochlicopoidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Pupilloidea
  Pupilloidea
  The Pupilloidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Orthurethra.-Taxonomy:This superfamily contains the following families:*Family Pupillidae*Family Argnidae*Family Chondrinidae...
  
  
  • Family Pupillidae
    Pupillidae
    Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Stylommatophora....
    
    
  • Family Argnidae
    Argnidae
    Argnidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Distribution :Distribution of Argnidae include Europe: southern and eastern Alps and Carpathian Mountains.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Chondrinidae
    Chondrinidae
    Chondrinidae is a family of mostly minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Pulmonata.-Anatomy:In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 ....
    
    
  • † Family Cylindrellinidae
    Cylindrellinidae
    †Cylindrellinidae is an extinct family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :The Cylindrellinidae family is classified within the informal group Orthurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The family...
    
    
  • Family Lauriidae
    Lauriidae
    Lauriidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :The Lauriidae family is classified within the informal group Orthurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The family Lauriidae has no...
    
    
  • Family Orculidae
    Orculidae
    Orculidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails; terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Pulmonata.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Pleurodiscidae
  • Family Pyramidulidae
    Pyramidulidae
    Pyramidulidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.-Anatomy:In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 ....
    
    
  • Family Spelaeoconchidae
  • Family Spelaeodiscidae
    Spelaeodiscidae
    Spelaeodiscidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :The Spelaeodiscidae family is classified within the informal group Orthurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The family Spelaeodiscidae has...
    
    
  • Family Strobilopsidae
    Strobilopsidae
    Strobilopsidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Valloniidae
    Valloniidae
    Valloniidae is a taxonomic family of small and minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Vertiginidae
    Vertiginidae
    Vertiginidae is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.- Distribution :...
    
    
• Superfamily Enoidea
  Enoidea
  The Enoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Orthurethra.The following two families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :* family Enidae* family Cerastidae...
  
  
  • Family Enidae
    Enidae
    Enidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Anatomy :In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 25 .- 1998 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Cerastidae
    Cerastidae
    Cerastidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :The Cerastidae family is classified within the informal group Orthurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The family Cerastidae has no...
    
    

Informal Group Sigmurethra

Sigmurethra

Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slugs....

 

• Superfamily Clausilioidea
  Clausilioidea
  The Clausilioidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.This classification was based on different studies dealing with the Clausiliidae, published by H...
  
  
  • Family Clausiliidae
    Clausiliidae
    Clausiliidae, common name door snails, are a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • † Family Anadromidae
    Anadromidae
    Anadromidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • † Family Filholiidae
    Filholiidae
    †Filholiidae is an extinct family of fossil air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Clausilioidea .-Genera :...
    
    
  • † Family Palaeostoidae
    Palaeostoidae
    Palaeostoidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Orthalicoidea
  Orthalicoidea
  The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.- 2005 taxonomy :...
  
  
  • Family Orthalicidae
    Orthalicidae
    Orthalicidae are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the informal group Sigmurethra of the clade Stylommatophora...
    
    
  • Family Cerionidae
    Cerionidae
    Cerionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2008 taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Coelociontidae
    Coelociontidae
    Coelociontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
  • † Family Grangerellidae
    Grangerellidae
    †Grangerellidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .-Genera :Genera within the family Grangerellidae include:* Grangerella, the type genus...
    
    
  • Family Megaspiridae
    Megaspiridae
    Megaspiridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea .- Subfamilies :...
    
    
  • Family Placostylidae
    Placostylidae
    Placostylidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.- Taxonomy :The Placostylidae family is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .This family has no subfamilies Placostylidae is...
    
    
  • Family Urocoptidae
    Urocoptidae
    Urocoptidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :The Urocoptidae family has been classified in the superfamily Orthalicoidea within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The...
    
    
• Superfamily Achatinoidea
  Achatinoidea
  The Achatinoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.-Taxonomy:...
  
  
  • Family Achatinidae
    Achatinidae
    Achatinidae is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa...
    
    
  • Family Ferussaciidae
    Ferussaciidae
    Ferussaciidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea.This family has no subfamilies...
    
    
  • Family Micractaeonidae
    Micractaeonidae
    Micractaeon koptawelilensis is a species of land snail, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea ....
    
    
  • Family Subulinidae
    Subulinidae
    Subulinidae is a family of small tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea.- Anatomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Aillyoidea
  • Family Aillyidae
    Aillyidae
    Aillyidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.Aillyidae is the only family in the superfamily Aillyoidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Testacelloidea
  Testacelloidea
  The Testacelloidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.-Taxonomy:The families within the Testacelloidea are as follows:*Family Testacellidae Gray, 1840...
  
  
  • Family Testacellidae
  • Family Oleacinidae
    Oleacinidae
    Oleacinidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Spiraxidae
    Spiraxidae
    Spiraxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- 2005 taxonomy :...
    
    
• Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
  • Family Papillodermatidae
• Superfamily Streptaxoidea
  Streptaxoidea
  Streptaxoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the Stylommatophora.- 2005 taxonomy :...
  
  
  • Family Streptaxidae
    Streptaxidae
    Streptaxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in theStylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi....
    
    
• Superfamily Rhytidoidea
  Rhytidoidea
  The Rhytidoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.This taxonomy was based on the study by Nordsieck, published in 1986...
  
  
  • Family Rhytididae
    Rhytididae
    Rhytididae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized predatory air-breathing land snails, carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rhytidoidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Chlamydephoridae
    Chlamydephoridae
    Chlamydephoridae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .These snails are presumed to be true carnivores...
    
    
  • Family Haplotrematidae
    Haplotrematidae
    Haplotrematidae is a taxonomic family of predatory air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rhytidoidea.-Distribution:These are North American land snails...
    
    
  • Family Scolodontidae
    Scolodontidae
    Scolodontidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonategastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rhytidoidea .-Taxonomy:...
    
    
• Superfamily Acavoidea
  Acavoidea
  The Acavoidea are a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.This taxonomy was based on the study by Nordsieck, published in 1986...
  
  
  • Family Acavidae
    Acavidae
    Acavidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .- Anatomy :...
    
    
  • Family Caryodidae
    Caryodidae
    Caryodidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .This family is endemic to eastern Australia....
    
    
  • Family Dorcasiidae
    Dorcasiidae
    Dorcasiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .The family Dorcasiidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Macrocyclidae
    Macrocyclidae
    Macrocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .-Genera :The family Macrocyclidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Megomphicidae
    Megomphicidae
    Megomphicidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .-Genera:...
    
    
  • Family Strophocheilidae
    Strophocheilidae
    Strophocheilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .- Subfamilies and genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily Plectopyloidea
  Plectopyloidea
  Plectopyloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.-Families:...
  
  
  • Family Plectopylidae
    Plectopylidae
    Plectopylidae is a taxonomic family of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plectopyloidea.This family has no subfamilies ....
    
    
  • Family Corillidae
    Corillidae
    Corilla is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plectopyloidea.Corilla is the only genus in the family Corillidae Corilla is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily...
    
    
  • Family Sculptariidae
    Sculptariidae
    Sculptaria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plectopyloidea.Sculptaria is the only genus in the family Sculptariidae. This family has no subfamilies .- Description :The shell is small, discoidal, carinated, widely umbilicated...
    
    
• Superfamily Punctoidea
  Punctoidea
  Punctoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra....
  
  
  • Family Punctidae
    Punctidae
    Punctidae, common name the "dot snails", is a family of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra ....
    
    
  • † Family Anastomopsidae
    Anastomopsidae
    †Anastomopsidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropods in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Genera :The family Anastomopsidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Charopidae
    Charopidae
    Charopidae is a taxonomic family of small air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Subfamilies and genera :The family Charopidae consists of the following subfamilies:* Charopinae Hutton, 1884 - synonyms:...
    
    
  • Family Cystopeltidae
    Cystopeltidae
    Cystopeltidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .-Genera and species :...
    
    
  • Family Discidae
    Discidae
    Discidae is a taxonomic family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea.-Genera:The family Discidae has no subfamilies...
    
    
  • Family Endodontidae
    Endodontidae
    Endodontidae is a taxonomic family of very small air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea....
    
    
  • Family Helicodiscidae
    Helicodiscidae
    Helicodiscidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrialpulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Oreohelicidae
    Oreohelicidae
    Oreohelicidae is a family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Thyrophorellidae
    Thyrophorellidae
    Thyrophorellidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Genera :...
    
    
• Superfamily Sagdoidea
  • Family Sagdidae
    Sagdidae
    Sagdidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks with highest diversity in the Greater Antilles. It has been classified in its own superfamily Sagdoidea and as a member of the superfamily Helicoidea...
    
    

limacoid clade

Limacoid clade

The limacoid clade is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the informal group Sigmurethra.- Distribution :...

 

• Superfamily Staffordioidea
  • Family Staffordiidae
    Staffordiidae
    Staffordiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Staffordioidea ....
    
    
• Superfamily Dyakioidea
  • Family Dyakiidae
    Dyakiidae
    Dyakiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Dyakioidea ....
    
    
• Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
  Gastrodontoidea
  Gastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.- Taxonomy:According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , families in this superfamily include:...
  
  
  • Family Gastrodontidae
    Gastrodontidae
    Gastrodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata ....
    
    
  • Family Chronidae
    Chronidae
    Chronidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea within the clade Eupulmonata .- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Euconulidae
    Euconulidae
    Euconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks. This land snail family is closely allied to the Zonitidae, the glass snails.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Oxychilidae
    Oxychilidae
    Oxychilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Pristilomatidae
    Pristilomatidae
    Pristilomatidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.According to the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi these snails belong to the "limacoid clade", and Vitreinae is a synonym for Pristilomatidae,...
    
    
  • Family Trochomorphidae
    Trochomorphidae
    Trochomorphidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata ....
    
    
  • Fossil taxa that probably belong to the superfamily Gastrodontoidea:
    • Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
    • Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
    • Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
• Superfamily Parmacelloidea
  Parmacelloidea
  Parmacelloidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora and the informal group Pulmonata...
  
  
  • Family Parmacellidae
    Parmacellidae
    Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmacelloidea ....
    
    
  • Family Milacidae
    Milacidae
    Milacidae is a family of air-breathing, keeled, land slugs. These are shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parmacelloidea.This family has no subfamilies ....
    
    
  • Family Trigonochlamydidae
• Superfamily Zonitoidea
  • Family Zonitidae
    Zonitidae
    Zonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea....
    
    
• Superfamily Helicarionoidea
  Helicarionoidea
  Helicarionoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.-Families:There are three families within the superfamily Helicarionoidea:* Helicarionidae* Ariophantidae...
  
  
  • Family Helicarionidae
    Helicarionidae
    Helicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Ariophantidae
    Ariophantidae
    Ariophantidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea .- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Urocyclidae
    Urocyclidae
    Urocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea, ....
    
    
• Superfamily Limacoidea
  Limacoidea
  Limacoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of medium-sized to large, air-breathing land slugs and snails. They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora ....
  
  
  • Family Limacidae
    Limacidae
    Limacidae, common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Agriolimacidae
    Agriolimacidae
    Agriolimacidae is a family of small and medium sized land slugs, or shell-less snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Distribution :Distribution of Limacidae is Holarctic, this include: Nearctic, western Palearctic and eastern Palearctic....
    
    
  • Family Boettgerillidae
  • Family Vitrinidae
    Vitrinidae
    Vitrinidae is a family of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Limacoidea ....
    
    

Informal group Sigmurethra continued

Two other superfamilies are part of the clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade:

• Superfamily Arionoidea
  Arionoidea
  Arionoidea is a taxonomic group, a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, shell-less terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Families :Families within the superfamily Arionoidea include:* Arionidae* Anadenidae* Ariolimacidae* Binneyidae...
  
  
  • Family Arionidae
    Arionidae
    Arionidae, common name the "roundback slugs" or "round back slugs" are a taxonomic family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea.- Distribution :...
    
    
  • Family Anadenidae
    Anadenidae
    Anadenidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionidae ....
    
    
  • Family Ariolimacidae
    Ariolimacidae
    Ariolimacidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea .- Subfamilies and genera:...
    
    
  • Family Binneyidae
    Binneyidae
    Binneyidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea .- Genera :The family Binneyidae has no subfamilies....
    
    
  • Family Oopeltidae
    Oopeltidae
    Oopeltidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea .- Subfamilies and genera :...
    
    
  • Family Philomycidae
    Philomycidae
    Philomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs . They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea ....
    
    
• Superfamily Helicoidea
  Helicoidea
  Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.-Families:There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to Bouchet & Rocroi .* Helicidae...
  
  
  • Family Helicidae
    Helicidae
    The Helicidae, sometimes known as the typical snails, are a taxonomic family of small to large, air-breathing, land snails. In other words, they are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
    
    
  • Family Bradybaenidae
    Bradybaenidae
    Bradybaenidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea....
    
    
  • Family Camaenidae
    Camaenidae
    Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora....
    
    
  • Family Cepolidae
    Cepolidae (gastropods)
    Cepolidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea .-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Cochlicellidae
    Cochlicellidae
    Cochlicellidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea ....
    
    
  • Family Elonidae
    Elonidae
    Elonidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This family is within the clade Eupulmonata ....
    
    
  • Family Epiphragmophoridae
    Epiphragmophoridae
    Epiphragmophoridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Halolimnohelicidae
    Halolimnohelicidae
    Halolimnohelicidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Genera :...
    
    
  • Family Helicodontidae
    Helicodontidae
    Helicodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .- Taxonomy :...
    
    
  • Family Helminthoglyptidae
    Helminthoglyptidae
    The Helminthoglyptidae are a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This is a large and diverse group of new world snails, ranging in distribution from Alaska through North America to the West Indies, Central America, and as far...
    
    
  • Family Humboldtianidae
    Humboldtianidae
    Humboldtianidae is an American family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea .-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Hygromiidae
    Hygromiidae
    Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • Family Monadeniidae
    Monadeniidae
    Monadeniidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Anatomy:This family is defined by an absent diverticulum...
    
    
  • Family Pleurodontidae
    Pleurodontidae
    Pleurodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This family is classified within the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata...
    
    
  • Family Polygyridae
    Polygyridae
    Polygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.The Polygyridae make up a significant proportion of the land snail fauna of eastern North America, and are also found in western North America, northern Central America, and...
    
    
  • Family Sphincterochilidae
    Sphincterochilidae
    Sphincterochilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea ....
    
    
  • Family Thysanophoridae
    Thysanophoridae
    Thysanophoridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea .These are common woodland snails of North America...
    
    
  • Family Trissexodontidae
    Trissexodontidae
    Trissexodontidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Helicoidea .This family has no subfamilies...
    
    
  • Family Xanthonychidae
    Xanthonychidae
    Xanthonychidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This family is within the clade Eupulmonata ....
    
    

External links

• Full text of Malacologia vol. 47 (1-2)