Treaty of Ripon
Encyclopedia
The Treaty of Ripon was an agreement signed by Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
, and the Scottish Covenanters on 26 October 1640, in the aftermath of the Second Bishops' War
. The Covenanters were associated with the promotion and development of Presbyterianism as a form of church government, as opposed to Episcopacy, favoured by the crown.
The treaty
was a major setback for Charles, and its terms were humiliating. It stipulated that Northumberland
and County Durham
were to be ceded to the Scots as an interim measure, that Newcastle
was to be left in the hands of the Scots, and that Charles was to pay them £
850 a day to maintain their armies there. Detailed negotiations between the two sides in London dragged well on into 1641.
This treaty was a factor leading to the calling of a session of Parliament, which is now known as the Long Parliament
; this session was one of the major stepping stones to the outbreak of the First English Civil War
.
For Scotland:
Charles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
, and the Scottish Covenanters on 26 October 1640, in the aftermath of the Second Bishops' War
Bishops' Wars
The Bishops' Wars , were conflicts, both political and military, which occurred in 1639 and 1640 centred around the nature of the governance of the Church of Scotland, and the rights and powers of the Crown...
. The Covenanters were associated with the promotion and development of Presbyterianism as a form of church government, as opposed to Episcopacy, favoured by the crown.
The treaty
Treaty
A treaty is an express agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an agreement, protocol, covenant, convention or exchange of letters, among other terms...
was a major setback for Charles, and its terms were humiliating. It stipulated that Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...
and County Durham
County Durham
County Durham is a ceremonial county and unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county is the town of Darlington...
were to be ceded to the Scots as an interim measure, that Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne...
was to be left in the hands of the Scots, and that Charles was to pay them £
Pound sterling
The pound sterling , commonly called the pound, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, its Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and Tristan da Cunha. It is subdivided into 100 pence...
850 a day to maintain their armies there. Detailed negotiations between the two sides in London dragged well on into 1641.
This treaty was a factor leading to the calling of a session of Parliament, which is now known as the Long Parliament
Long Parliament
The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
; this session was one of the major stepping stones to the outbreak of the First English Civil War
First English Civil War
The First English Civil War began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War . "The English Civil War" was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651, and includes the Second English Civil War and...
.
Commissioners
For England:- Robert Greville, 2nd Baron BrookeRobert Greville, 2nd Baron BrookeRobert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke was an English Civil War Roundhead General.Greville was the cousin and adopted son of Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, and thus became 2nd Lord Brooke, and owner of Warwick Castle. He was born in 1607, and entered parliament for Warwickshire in 1628...
- Francis Russell, 4th Earl of BedfordFrancis Russell, 4th Earl of BedfordFrancis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford PC was an English politician. About 1631 he built the square of Covent Garden, with the piazza and church of St. Paul's, employing Inigo Jones as his architect...
For Scotland:
- John Leslie, 6th Earl of RothesJohn Leslie, 6th Earl of RothesJohn Leslie, 6th Earl of Rothes was a Scottish nobleman, one of the main leaders of the Covenanters.-Life:Born in Leslie, Fife, he was the only son of James Leslie, Master of Rothes and Katherine Drummond, his second wife...
- John Campbell, 1st Earl of LoudounJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of LoudounJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun was a Scottish politician. He was the eldest son of James Campbell of LawersJohn Campbell married Margaret, the daughter of George Campbell around 1620. Margaret was heir to her grandfather Hugh Campbell, first Lord Loudoun, who resigned his peerage in John's...
- Archibald JohnstonArchibald Johnston, Lord WarristonArchibald Johnston, Lord Warriston was a Scottish judge and statesman.He assisted Alexander Henderson in framing the Scots National Covenant in 1638. Appointed a Procurator of the Kirk in the same year. In 1639 he assisted in negotiating pacification of Berwick, and the treaty of Ripon in 1640. He...