Treaty of Khotyn
Encyclopedia
Treaty of Khotyn signed in the aftermath of the Battle of Khotyn (1621)
, ended the Polish-Ottoman War (1620–1621)
. This peace treaty
resulted in no border change but Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
agreed to stop its interference in Moldavia
. Both sides claimed victory, as Commonwealth saw the battle of Khotyn as a successful stopping of Ottoman Empire
invasion of its mainland.
The Treaty was rather favorable for the Commonwealth, but also Ottoman Emperor gained what he wanted. There were no territorial changes; the Commonwealth-Ottoman border was confirmed to be the Dniester
river, and the Commonwealth recognized Ottoman control over Moldavia. In the Commonwealth, and among the Cossacks, stopping of the huge Ottoman army was seen as a great victory.
The treaty for the most part repeated the earlier agreement - Treaty of Busza (also known as Treaty of Jaruga) (1617), negotiated by Stanisław Żółkiewski and Iskander Pasha. That 1617 treaty stated that Poland would not meddle in the internal affairs of Ottoman vassals in Transylvania
, Moldavia
and Wallachia
, the Commonwealth was to prevent Cossacks from raiding lands in the Ottoman Empire, while ceding Khotyn. In return, the Ottoman Empire promised to stop Tatar raids.
The Ottomans, on the other hand, even though they gained Commonwealth recognition of their control over Moldavia, were in much worse shape internally. Notably, Chodkiewicz wasn't the only one to die as a result of that battle: sultan Osman himself paid the highest price for the failure of his plans. The Khotyn outcome, and the Ottoman failure to crush the outnumbered Commonwealth army, led Osman to put the blame on the janissaries
. Osman wanted to modernize the army, which he blamed for the defeat; his plans for modernization were, however, opposed by the traditional-minded janissaries, culminating in the rebellion of janissaries in 1622, in which Osman II was assassinated.http://books.google.com/books?id=tYIxK0Mo1wwC&pg=PA9&ots=r1p_8a5TVH&dq=battle+Chocim+1621&as_brr=3&sig=C6-bIkKh58e3jttYFjR-PiOxQE0#PPA84,M1
The Commonwealth-Ottoman border would be fairly quiet until the Ottoman-Commonwealth War (1633-1634).
Battle of Khotyn (1621)
The Battle of Khotyn was a battle fought between a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army and an invading Ottoman Imperial army. Here, for a whole month , the Commonwealth forces halted the Ottoman advance...
, ended the Polish-Ottoman War (1620–1621)
Polish-Ottoman War (1620–1621)
The Polish-Ottoman War or First Polish-Ottoman War was a conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Moldavia...
. This peace treaty
Peace treaty
A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends a state of war between the parties...
resulted in no border change but Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
agreed to stop its interference in Moldavia
Moldavian Magnate Wars
The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination and influence over the...
. Both sides claimed victory, as Commonwealth saw the battle of Khotyn as a successful stopping of Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
invasion of its mainland.
The Treaty was rather favorable for the Commonwealth, but also Ottoman Emperor gained what he wanted. There were no territorial changes; the Commonwealth-Ottoman border was confirmed to be the Dniester
Dniester
The Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe. It runs through Ukraine and Moldova and separates most of Moldova's territory from the breakaway de facto state of Transnistria.-Names:...
river, and the Commonwealth recognized Ottoman control over Moldavia. In the Commonwealth, and among the Cossacks, stopping of the huge Ottoman army was seen as a great victory.
The treaty for the most part repeated the earlier agreement - Treaty of Busza (also known as Treaty of Jaruga) (1617), negotiated by Stanisław Żółkiewski and Iskander Pasha. That 1617 treaty stated that Poland would not meddle in the internal affairs of Ottoman vassals in Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
, Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
and Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
, the Commonwealth was to prevent Cossacks from raiding lands in the Ottoman Empire, while ceding Khotyn. In return, the Ottoman Empire promised to stop Tatar raids.
The Ottomans, on the other hand, even though they gained Commonwealth recognition of their control over Moldavia, were in much worse shape internally. Notably, Chodkiewicz wasn't the only one to die as a result of that battle: sultan Osman himself paid the highest price for the failure of his plans. The Khotyn outcome, and the Ottoman failure to crush the outnumbered Commonwealth army, led Osman to put the blame on the janissaries
Janissary
The Janissaries were infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguards...
. Osman wanted to modernize the army, which he blamed for the defeat; his plans for modernization were, however, opposed by the traditional-minded janissaries, culminating in the rebellion of janissaries in 1622, in which Osman II was assassinated.http://books.google.com/books?id=tYIxK0Mo1wwC&pg=PA9&ots=r1p_8a5TVH&dq=battle+Chocim+1621&as_brr=3&sig=C6-bIkKh58e3jttYFjR-PiOxQE0#PPA84,M1
The Commonwealth-Ottoman border would be fairly quiet until the Ottoman-Commonwealth War (1633-1634).