Treaty 1
Encyclopedia
Treaty 1 is a controversial agreement established August 3, 1871 between Queen Victoria and various First Nations
in South Eastern Manitoba
including the Chippewa and Swampy Cree
tribes.
was formed as a part of the Canadian Confederation
. Alexander Morris
was an important negotiator of these treaties, but the Ojibwe and others may have set the agenda, and wanted good treaties before many settlers would be allowed to enter the area. It was also known as the Stone Fort Treaty, based on the nickname of Lower Fort Garry
, Manitoba
where the treaty was signed. Treaty 1 and Treaty 2
were amended by a Canadian government order-in-council on April 30, 1875 to add provisions which were originally promised verbally by the government. Similar "outside promises" were included in the text of 1873's Treaty 3
adding further pressure on the government to include such provisions in the earlier treaties.
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...
in South Eastern Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...
including the Chippewa and Swampy Cree
Cree
The Cree are one of the largest groups of First Nations / Native Americans in North America, with 200,000 members living in Canada. In Canada, the major proportion of Cree live north and west of Lake Superior, in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories, although...
tribes.
History
This would be the first treaty signed since the 1867 formation of the modern Canadian Government and one year after the Province of ManitobaManitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...
was formed as a part of the Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867. On that day, three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces...
. Alexander Morris
Alexander Morris
Alexander Morris, PC was a Canadian politician. He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald , and was the second Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba...
was an important negotiator of these treaties, but the Ojibwe and others may have set the agenda, and wanted good treaties before many settlers would be allowed to enter the area. It was also known as the Stone Fort Treaty, based on the nickname of Lower Fort Garry
Lower Fort Garry
Lower Fort Garry was built in 1830 by the Hudson's Bay Company on the western bank of the Red River, north of the original Fort Garry, which is now in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Treaty 1 was signed there....
, Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...
where the treaty was signed. Treaty 1 and Treaty 2
Treaty 2
Treaty 2 was an agreement established August 21, 1871, between the Queen Victoria and various First Nations in southwest Manitoba and a small part of southeast Saskatchewan; treaty signatories from this region included the Ojibway tribes.-History:...
were amended by a Canadian government order-in-council on April 30, 1875 to add provisions which were originally promised verbally by the government. Similar "outside promises" were included in the text of 1873's Treaty 3
Treaty 3
Treaty 3 was an agreement entered into on October 3, 1873, by the Ojibway Nation and Queen Victoria. The treaty ceded a vast tract of Ojibway territory, including large parts of what is now northwestern Ontario and a small part of eastern Manitoba, to the Government of Canada...
adding further pressure on the government to include such provisions in the earlier treaties.
List of Treaty 1 First Nations
- Brokenhead Ojibway NationBrokenhead Ojibway NationBrokenhead Ojibway Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation located approximately northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. As of May 2010, the First Nation had a registered population of 1,733 people, of which their own on-reserve population was 598. The main reserve of Brokenhead 4 is surrounded by the...
- Fort Alexander (Sagkeeng First NationSagkeeng First NationThe Sagkeeng First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation which holds territory east of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Sagkeeng, which was once called Fort Alexander, has an on-reserve population of approximately 3,000 people. Ojibwe is the name of the tribe that lives in Sagkeeng.There is a...
) - Long Plain First NationLong Plain First NationThe Long Plain First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation located in the Central Plains region of Manitoba, Canada. It is located to the southwest of Portage la Prairie along the Assiniboine River. It lies between the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie and the Rural Municipality of South...
- Peguis First NationPeguis First NationPeguis First Nation is the largest First Nations community in Manitoba, Canada,with a population of approximately 7,338 people. It is located approximately 145 kilometres north of Winnipeg. The citizens of Peguis are of Ojibway and Cree descent.-History:...
- Roseau River Anishinabe First NationRoseau River Anishinabe First NationRoseau River Anishinabe First Nation is a First Nation in southern Manitoba, Canada. It has a registered population of 2,152 individuals. The First Nation has three reserves, of which the Roseau River No. 2 has an area of 22.242 square kilometres , while the Roseau Rapids No. 2A is considerably...
- Sandy Bay First NationSandy Bay First NationSandy Bay First Nation is an Ojibway/mixed-blood Nation in Manitoba, Canada.It is located on the western shore of Lake Manitoba. Adjacent rural municipalities are Alonsa and Lakeview...
- Swan Lake First Nation
External links
- Area Map of Treaty 1 (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat)
- Treaty 1 , including the negotiations on which they were based Canadiana (Formerly Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions)