Toscana virus
Encyclopedia
Toscana virus is an arthropod
-borne virus arbovirus
that was first isolated from the sandfly
, Phlebotomus perniciosus collected from the Grosseto
province of the Tuscany
region in Italy
, although has subsequently been identified isolated from P. perfiliewi, and found across a wider Mediterranean area. The virus can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly. Toscana is not normally associated with disease, as indicated by high seroprevalence rates (up to 25%) in areas where Toscana virus is present, but in common with other sandfly transmitted viruses such as Naples virus and Sicilian virus may result in a mild illness with fever, headache
, myalgia
— pappataci fever
— that may go undiagnosed, in more serious cases Toscana virus can cause an acute meningitis, and meningoencephalitis.
Arthropod
An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton , a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Arthropods are members of the phylum Arthropoda , and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others...
-borne virus arbovirus
Arbovirus
Arbovirus is a term used to refer to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. The word arbovirus is an acronym . Some arboviruses are able to cause emergent disease.-Transmission:...
that was first isolated from the sandfly
Phlebotominae
Members of the subfamily Phlebotominae are known outside of the United States by the name sand fly. This subfamily includes numerous genera of blood-feeding flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever...
, Phlebotomus perniciosus collected from the Grosseto
Grosseto
Grosseto is a city and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto. The city lies 14 km from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the Maremma, at the centre of an alluvial plain, on the Ombrone river....
province of the Tuscany
Tuscany
Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
region in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, although has subsequently been identified isolated from P. perfiliewi, and found across a wider Mediterranean area. The virus can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly. Toscana is not normally associated with disease, as indicated by high seroprevalence rates (up to 25%) in areas where Toscana virus is present, but in common with other sandfly transmitted viruses such as Naples virus and Sicilian virus may result in a mild illness with fever, headache
Headache
A headache or cephalalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It can be a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and neck. The brain tissue itself is not sensitive to pain because it lacks pain receptors. Rather, the pain is caused by disturbance of the...
, myalgia
Myalgia
Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to viral infections...
— pappataci fever
Pappataci fever
Pappataci fever is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. Occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere...
— that may go undiagnosed, in more serious cases Toscana virus can cause an acute meningitis, and meningoencephalitis.