Titii (Celtiberian)
Encyclopedia
The Titii were a small and obscure Celtic Celtiberian
people whose lands where located along the middle Jalón
and upper Tajuña valleys, somewhere between Alhama de Aragón
in Zaragoza
and Molina de Aragón
in Guadalajara
provinces.
, no Iron Age
settlements connected with this people were ever found in the area. Nevertheless, analysis of numismatic finds from the Jalón
- Tajuña (ancient Tagonius) area has led some archaeologists to relate the mints of three unknown Celtiberian
towns – Araticos, Titum and Titiacos – with the Titii, pointing Titum as their presumed capital.
or clients of the Belli
, they were subjected to Turboletae
raids in the 3rd century BC and seem to have submitted by Carthage
just prior to the 2nd Punic War, but what role they played in that conflit remains obscure. However, during the Celtiberian Wars
of the 2nd Century BC they sided with the Belli
and Arevaci
against Rome
, being recorded as one of the signataries of the peace treaty with Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus
in 179 BC. The Titii retained their political autonomy until their inclusion into Hispania Citerior
province in 134 BC, and thereafter cease to be mentioned by the sources.
After 72 BC however, they too merged with the Belli
, Uraci
and Cratistii
tribes to create the Late Celtiberian people of romanized southern Celtiberia, losing their tribal identity in the process.
Celtiberians
The Celtiberians were Celtic-speaking people of the Iberian Peninsula in the final centuries BC. The group used the Celtic Celtiberian language.Archaeologically, the Celtiberians participated in the Hallstatt culture in what is now north-central Spain...
people whose lands where located along the middle Jalón
Jalón (river)
The river Jalón is located in the northeast of Spain, and is one of the principal tributaries of the Ebro. It has a length of and drains a watershed of . The flow rate in Calatayud is , but is highly irregular due to the great range of Mediterranean rainfall patterns.The course of the river forms...
and upper Tajuña valleys, somewhere between Alhama de Aragón
Alhama de Aragón
Alhama de Aragón is a spa town located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, situated on the river Jalón, a tributary of the Ebro. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 1,150 inhabitants....
in Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
and Molina de Aragón
Molina de Aragón
Molina de Aragón is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2009 census , the municipality has a population of 3,671 inhabitants...
in Guadalajara
Guadalajara
Guadalajara may refer to:In Mexico:*Guadalajara, Jalisco, the capital of the state of Jalisco and second largest city in Mexico**Guadalajara Metropolitan Area*University of Guadalajara, a public university in Guadalajara, Jalisco...
provinces.
Culture
Due to the lack of extensive archaeological surveysSurveying
See Also: Public Land Survey SystemSurveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them...
, no Iron Age
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with other changes in society, including differing...
settlements connected with this people were ever found in the area. Nevertheless, analysis of numismatic finds from the Jalón
Jalón (river)
The river Jalón is located in the northeast of Spain, and is one of the principal tributaries of the Ebro. It has a length of and drains a watershed of . The flow rate in Calatayud is , but is highly irregular due to the great range of Mediterranean rainfall patterns.The course of the river forms...
- Tajuña (ancient Tagonius) area has led some archaeologists to relate the mints of three unknown Celtiberian
Celtiberians
The Celtiberians were Celtic-speaking people of the Iberian Peninsula in the final centuries BC. The group used the Celtic Celtiberian language.Archaeologically, the Celtiberians participated in the Hallstatt culture in what is now north-central Spain...
towns – Araticos, Titum and Titiacos – with the Titii, pointing Titum as their presumed capital.
History
Often mentioned in the ancient sources as alliesAllies
In everyday English usage, allies are people, groups, or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out between them...
or clients of the Belli
Belli
The Belli, also designated ‘Beli’ or ‘Belaiscos’ were an ancient pre-Roman Celtic Celtiberian people that lived in the modern Spanish province of Zaragoza from the 3rd Century BC.- Origins :.The Belli were of Celtic origin and part of the Celtiberians...
, they were subjected to Turboletae
Turboletae
The Turboletae or 'Turboleti' were an obscure pre-Roman people from ancient Spain, which lived in the northwest Teruel province since the early 3rd Century BC.- Origins :...
raids in the 3rd century BC and seem to have submitted by Carthage
Carthage
Carthage , implying it was a 'new Tyre') is a major urban centre that has existed for nearly 3,000 years on the Gulf of Tunis, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC...
just prior to the 2nd Punic War, but what role they played in that conflit remains obscure. However, during the Celtiberian Wars
Celtiberian Wars
The Celtiberian Wars or Spanish Wars were a series of three wars lasting, off and on, from 181 to 133 BC. They were fought between the advancing legions of the Roman Republic and the Celtiberian tribes of Hispania Citerior. The First Celtiberian War lasted from 181 to 179...
of the 2nd Century BC they sided with the Belli
Belli
The Belli, also designated ‘Beli’ or ‘Belaiscos’ were an ancient pre-Roman Celtic Celtiberian people that lived in the modern Spanish province of Zaragoza from the 3rd Century BC.- Origins :.The Belli were of Celtic origin and part of the Celtiberians...
and Arevaci
Arevaci
The Arevaci or ‘Aravaci’ , were a pre-Roman Celtic people who settled in the Meseta Central of northern Hispania and which dominated most of Celtiberia from the 4th to late 2nd centuries BC...
against Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, being recorded as one of the signataries of the peace treaty with Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus may refer to:*Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus , father of Tiberius and Publius Gracchus*Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus , son of the above...
in 179 BC. The Titii retained their political autonomy until their inclusion into Hispania Citerior
Hispania Citerior
During the Roman Republic, Hispania Citerior was a region of Hispania roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the Ebro Valley of what is now Spain. Hispania Ulterior was located west of Hispania Citerior—that is, farther away from Rome.-External links:*...
province in 134 BC, and thereafter cease to be mentioned by the sources.
After 72 BC however, they too merged with the Belli
Belli
The Belli, also designated ‘Beli’ or ‘Belaiscos’ were an ancient pre-Roman Celtic Celtiberian people that lived in the modern Spanish province of Zaragoza from the 3rd Century BC.- Origins :.The Belli were of Celtic origin and part of the Celtiberians...
, Uraci
Uraci
The Uraci or ‘Duraci’ were a little-known Celtic people of pre-Roman Iberia who dwelt to the east of the Vaccaei, occupying the southern Soria, northern Guadalajara and western Zaragoza provinces since the 4th century BC.- Origins :...
and Cratistii
Cratistii
The Cratistii were an ancient Spanish , stock-raising people whose lands were situated along the upper Tagus valley, in the elevated plateau region of the western Cuenca and northeast Teruel provinces.- Origins :...
tribes to create the Late Celtiberian people of romanized southern Celtiberia, losing their tribal identity in the process.