Tiliaceae
Encyclopedia
Tiliaceae is a botanical name
for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI
.
All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result it is recommended when this name is encountered to be careful to check what an author means when he uses this name.
However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia
, the lime
or linden
.
According to APG II system
, the current placement of these genera is mostly in the 'new' Malvaceae
sensu lato, but with Gyrostemon
moved to family Gyrostemonaceae
, Muntingia to family Muntingiaceae
, Sloanea
to family Elaeocarpaceae
, Vatica
to family Dipterocarpaceae
and Wikstroemia
to family Thymelaeaceae
(possibly reduced to a synonym of Daphne
). The genus Abatia
is assigned to the 'new' family Salicaceae
sensu lato.
:
According to APG II system
, the current placement of these genera is perhaps mostly in the 'new' Malvaceae
sensu lato, but with Muntingia moved to family Muntingiaceae
, while tribes VI and VII form the core of family Elaeocarpaceae
and tribe V has been moved to the 'new' family Salicaceae
sensu lato.
The Hutchinson system follows the Bentham & Hooker system rather closely.
(1981) the family includes some fifty genera, totalling around seven hundred species of trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, with a subcosmopolitan distribution. It may be separated from Malvaceae
sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains, bilocular anthers, and the stamen
s free or in bundles (but not monadelphous)
, does not recognise this as a family but submerges it in the Malvaceae
sensu lato, which unites the four families Bombacaceae
, Malvaceae
sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae
and Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki
series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally constitute the family (see above) in the subfamilies Tilioideae
, Brownlowioideae, and Grewioideae
within this extended family Malvaceae sensu lato. Cladistically
, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic.
Botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...
for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI
IPNI
The International Plant Names Index is a database of botanical names. It indexes names of seed plants, ferns and "fern allies". Coverage is best at the rank of species and genus...
.
All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result it is recommended when this name is encountered to be careful to check what an author means when he uses this name.
However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia
Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America...
, the lime
Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America...
or linden
Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America...
.
Tiliaceae in the de Candolle system
In the de Candolle system the circumscription of the family was:- family Tiliaceae
- genus I. Sparmannia [sic: now Sparrmannia]
- genus II? AbatiaAbatiaAbatia is a genus of about nine species of Central and South American trees in the willow family Salicaceae . Previously it was treated in the family Flacourtiaceae, or tribe Abatieae of the family Passifloraceae or Samydaceae by G. Bentham & J.D...
- genus III. HeliocarpusHeliocarpusHeliocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly classified in the Tiliaceae....
- genus IV. Antichorus
- genus V. CorchorusCorchorusCorchorus is a genus of about 40-100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world....
- genus VI. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia]
- genus VII. TriumfettaTriumfettaTriumfetta is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae.There are about 70 species which are widespread across tropical regions. These include :*Triumfetta albida Halford*Triumfetta antrorsa Halford...
- genus VIII. GrewiaGrewiaThe large flowering plant genus Grewia is today placed by most authors in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Formerly, it was placed in either the linden family or the Sparrmanniaceae...
- genus IX. Columbia [sic, now ColonaColona-Communities in the United States:* Colona, Colorado* Colona, Illinois...
] - genus X. TiliaTiliaTilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America...
- genus XI. Diplophractum
- genus XII. Muntingia
- genus XIII. ApeibaApeibaApeiba is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.Species include:*Apeiba albiflora* Apeiba intermedia*Apeiba tibourbou...
- genus XIV. SloaneaSloaneaSloanea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species .Species include:* Sloanea acutiflora, Uittien* Sloanea assamica, Rehder & E. Wilson* Sloanea australis, Benth. & F.Muell...
- genus XV. Ablania
- genus XIV. GyrostemonGyrostemonGyrostemon is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae, endemic to Australia.Species include:*Gyrostemon australasicus Heimerl – Camel Poison*Gyrostemon brownii S.Moore...
- genus XVII. Christiana
- genus XVIII. AlegriaAlegriaAlegria or Alegría or Allegria may refer to:-Places:*Alegria, Cebu, a municipality in the Philippines*Alegría, Madeira, a parish in Portugal*Alegria, Rio Grande do Sul, a city in Brazil...
- genus XIX. Luhea [sic, now: LueheaLueheaLuehea is a genus of trees, in the Malvaceae family....
] - genus XX. VaticaVaticaVatica is a genus of plant in family Dipterocarpaceae. It contains the following species :...
- genus XXI. Espera
- genus XXII. WikstroemiaWikstroemiaWikstroemia is a genus of 55-70 species of flowering shrubs and small trees in the mezereon family, Thymelaeaceae.-Medicinal uses:Wikstroemia indica is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.-Species:...
- genus XXIII. BerryaBerryaBerrya A genus of evergreen trees with fibrous bark from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. The plants are valuable for their timber. The flowers are showy, with large tight clusters of green flowers....
According to APG II system
APG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
, the current placement of these genera is mostly in the 'new' Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...
sensu lato, but with Gyrostemon
Gyrostemon
Gyrostemon is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae, endemic to Australia.Species include:*Gyrostemon australasicus Heimerl – Camel Poison*Gyrostemon brownii S.Moore...
moved to family Gyrostemonaceae
Gyrostemonaceae
Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in order Brassicales. It comprises 6 genera, totalling about 18 species. All are endemic to temperate parts of Australia. They are shrubs or small trees with small, often narrow leaves, and small flowers. They are wind-pollinated....
, Muntingia to family Muntingiaceae
Muntingiaceae
Muntingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. It is a small family which consists of three monotypic genera: Dicraspidia, Muntingia and Neotessmannia. They are woody plants of the tropical regions of America. The older Cronquist System places these genera in...
, Sloanea
Sloanea
Sloanea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species .Species include:* Sloanea acutiflora, Uittien* Sloanea assamica, Rehder & E. Wilson* Sloanea australis, Benth. & F.Muell...
to family Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family approximately contains 605 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera. The largest genera are Elaeocarpus, with about 350 species, and Sloanea, with about 150....
, Vatica
Vatica
Vatica is a genus of plant in family Dipterocarpaceae. It contains the following species :...
to family Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-winged fruit...
and Wikstroemia
Wikstroemia
Wikstroemia is a genus of 55-70 species of flowering shrubs and small trees in the mezereon family, Thymelaeaceae.-Medicinal uses:Wikstroemia indica is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.-Species:...
to family Thymelaeaceae
Thymelaeaceae
Thymelaeaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu.Thymelaeaceae is in the order Malvales...
(possibly reduced to a synonym of Daphne
Daphne
Daphne was a female minor nature deity. Pursued by Apollo, she fled and was chased. Daphne begged the gods for help, who then transformed her into Laurel.-Overview:...
). The genus Abatia
Abatia
Abatia is a genus of about nine species of Central and South American trees in the willow family Salicaceae . Previously it was treated in the family Flacourtiaceae, or tribe Abatieae of the family Passifloraceae or Samydaceae by G. Bentham & J.D...
is assigned to the 'new' family Salicaceae
Salicaceae
Salicaceae are a family of flowering plants. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 55 genera....
sensu lato.
Bentham & Hooker system
The family reached perhaps its widest circumscription in the Bentham & Hooker systemBentham & Hooker system
An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :The system recognises the following main groups:*DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM*: Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ*: Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ*: Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ...
:
- family XXXIII Tiliaceae
- series A. Holopetalae
- tribus I. Brownlowieae
- genus 1. BrownlowiaBrownlowiaBrownlowia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.It contains the following species:* Brownlowia kleinhovioidea* Brownlowia velutina...
- genus 2. PentacePentacePentace is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family.-Species:There are approximately 34 species in this genus, including:* Pentace acuta* Pentace curtisii* Pentace excelsa* Pentace exima...
- genus 3. DiplodiscusDiplodiscusDiplodiscus is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family.It contains the following species:* Diplodiscus hookerianus* Diplodiscus paniculatus* Diplodiscus scortechinii...
- genus 4. Pityranthe
- genus 5. Christiana
- genus 6. BerryaBerryaBerrya A genus of evergreen trees with fibrous bark from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. The plants are valuable for their timber. The flowers are showy, with large tight clusters of green flowers....
- genus 7. CarpodipteraCarpodipteraCarpodiptera is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.It contains the following species:* Carpodiptera mirabilis* Carpodiptera ophiticola...
- genus 1. Brownlowia
- tribus II. Grewieae
- genus 8. GrewiaGrewiaThe large flowering plant genus Grewia is today placed by most authors in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Formerly, it was placed in either the linden family or the Sparrmanniaceae...
- genus 9. Columbia [sic, now ColonaColona-Communities in the United States:* Colona, Colorado* Colona, Illinois...
] - genus 10. Diplophractum
- genus 11. Belotia
- genus 12. Erinocarpus
- genus 13. TriumfettaTriumfettaTriumfetta is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae.There are about 70 species which are widespread across tropical regions. These include :*Triumfetta albida Halford*Triumfetta antrorsa Halford...
- genus 14. HeliocarpusHeliocarpusHeliocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly classified in the Tiliaceae....
- genus 8. Grewia
- tribus III. Tilieae
- genus 15. Entelea
- genus 16. Sparmannia
- genus 17. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia]
- genus 18. CorchorusCorchorusCorchorus is a genus of about 40-100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world....
- genus 19. Corchoropsis
- genus 20. LueheaLueheaLuehea is a genus of trees, in the Malvaceae family....
- genus 21. MolliaMolliaMollia is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 km northeast of Turin and about 60 km northwest of Vercelli. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 98 and an area of 14.1 km².Mollia borders the following municipalities:...
- genus 22. Trichospermum
- genus 23. Muntingia
- genus 24. TiliaTiliaTilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America...
- genus 25. Leptonychia
- genus 26. SchouteniaSchouteniaSchoutenia is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Tiliaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics.-Selected species:* Schoutenia cornerii* Schoutenia furfuracea...
- tribus IV. Apeibeae
- genus 27. Glypilea
- genus 28. ApeibaApeibaApeiba is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.Species include:*Apeiba albiflora* Apeiba intermedia*Apeiba tibourbou...
- tribus I. Brownlowieae
- series B. Heteropetalae
- tribus V. Prockieae
- genus 29. Prockia
- genus 30. HasseltiaHasseltiaHasseltia is a genus of flowering plants in the willow family, Salicaceae. It contains four species of small to medium-sized trees native to the neotropics, ranging from Mexico south to Brazil and Bolivia....
- genus 31. Plagiopteron
- genus 32? Ropalocarpus
- tribus VI. Sloanieae
- genus 33. ValleaValleaVallea is a genus of plant in family Elaeocarpaceae.Species include:* Vallea ecuadorensis, J.Jaram....
- genus 34. SloaneaSloaneaSloanea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species .Species include:* Sloanea acutiflora, Uittien* Sloanea assamica, Rehder & E. Wilson* Sloanea australis, Benth. & F.Muell...
- genus 35. Echinocarpus
- genus 36. Antholoma
- genus 33. Vallea
- tribus VII. Elaeocarpeae
- genus 37. AristoteliaAristoteliaAristotelia is a genus of moth in the family Gelechiidae.Well known species are food plant specialists, and diverse hosts are used - Salicaceae, Solanaceae, Rosacea, Fagaceae, Fabaceae, Asteracea...
- genus 38. ElaeocarpusElaeocarpusElaeocarpus is a genus of tropical and subtropical evergreen trees and shrubs. The approximately 350 species are distributed from Madagascar in the west through India, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, southern China, and Japan, through Australia to New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the east. The islands of...
- genus 39. Dubouzetia
- genus 40. Tricuspidaria
- genus 37. Aristotelia
- tribus V. Prockieae
- series A. Holopetalae
According to APG II system
APG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
, the current placement of these genera is perhaps mostly in the 'new' Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...
sensu lato, but with Muntingia moved to family Muntingiaceae
Muntingiaceae
Muntingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. It is a small family which consists of three monotypic genera: Dicraspidia, Muntingia and Neotessmannia. They are woody plants of the tropical regions of America. The older Cronquist System places these genera in...
, while tribes VI and VII form the core of family Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family approximately contains 605 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera. The largest genera are Elaeocarpus, with about 350 species, and Sloanea, with about 150....
and tribe V has been moved to the 'new' family Salicaceae
Salicaceae
Salicaceae are a family of flowering plants. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 55 genera....
sensu lato.
The Hutchinson system follows the Bentham & Hooker system rather closely.
Cronquist system
In the Cronquist systemCronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...
(1981) the family includes some fifty genera, totalling around seven hundred species of trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, with a subcosmopolitan distribution. It may be separated from Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...
sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains, bilocular anthers, and the stamen
Stamen
The stamen is the pollen producing reproductive organ of a flower...
s free or in bundles (but not monadelphous)
- Ancistrocarpus Oliv.
- ApeibaApeibaApeiba is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.Species include:*Apeiba albiflora* Apeiba intermedia*Apeiba tibourbou...
Aubl. - AsterophorumAsterophorumAsterophorum is a genus of flowering plant in the Tiliaceae family.It contains the following species:* Asterophorum mennegae...
Sprague - BerryaBerryaBerrya A genus of evergreen trees with fibrous bark from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. The plants are valuable for their timber. The flowers are showy, with large tight clusters of green flowers....
Roxb. - BrownlowiaBrownlowiaBrownlowia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.It contains the following species:* Brownlowia kleinhovioidea* Brownlowia velutina...
Roxb. - BurretiodendronBurretiodendronBurretiodendron is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Tiliaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. It contains some species formerly in the Pentace. Thus, Parapentace Gagnep...
Rehder - CarpodipteraCarpodipteraCarpodiptera is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.It contains the following species:* Carpodiptera mirabilis* Carpodiptera ophiticola...
Griseb. - Christiana DC.
- Clappertonia Meisn.
- ColonaColona-Communities in the United States:* Colona, Colorado* Colona, Illinois...
Cav. - Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc.
- CorchorusCorchorusCorchorus is a genus of about 40-100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world....
L. - CraigiaCraigiaCraigia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family.It contains the following species:* Craigia kwangsiensis* Craigia yunnanensis* †Craigia bronnii* †Craigia hainanensis* †Craigia oregonensis...
W.W.Sm. & W.E.Evans - Desplatsia Bocq.
- Dicraspidia Standl.
- DiplodiscusDiplodiscusDiplodiscus is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family.It contains the following species:* Diplodiscus hookerianus* Diplodiscus paniculatus* Diplodiscus scortechinii...
Turcz. - DubosciaDubosciaDuboscia is a small genus, with two species, in the Malvaceae. The genus occurs from the Ivory Coast to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The genus was previously in the Tiliaceae, under the APG classification it is now placed in the Malvaceae....
Bocquet - Eleutherostylis Burret
- Entelea R.Br.
- Erinocarpus Nimmo ex J.Graham
- GlyphaeaGlyphaeaGlyphaea is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae family.It contains the following species:* Glyphaea tomentosa...
Hook.f. - Goethalsia Pittier
- GrewiaGrewiaThe large flowering plant genus Grewia is today placed by most authors in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Formerly, it was placed in either the linden family or the Sparrmanniaceae...
L. - Hainania Merr.
- HeliocarpusHeliocarpusHeliocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly classified in the Tiliaceae....
L. - Hydrogaster Kuhlm.
- Jarandersonia Kosterm.
- LueheaLueheaLuehea is a genus of trees, in the Malvaceae family....
Willd. - Lueheopsis Burret
- MicrocosMicrocosMicrocos is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae family.Species include:* Microcos erythrocarpa* Microcos globulifera* Microcos laurifolia...
L. - MolliaMolliaMollia is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 km northeast of Turin and about 60 km northwest of Vercelli. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 98 and an area of 14.1 km².Mollia borders the following municipalities:...
Mart. - Mortoniodendron Standl. & Steyerm.
- Neotessmannia Burret
- PentacePentacePentace is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family.-Species:There are approximately 34 species in this genus, including:* Pentace acuta* Pentace curtisii* Pentace excelsa* Pentace exima...
Hassk. - PentaplarisPentaplarisPentaplaris is a genus of flowering plant in the Tiliaceae family.It contains the following species:* Pentaplaris davidsmithii* Pentaplaris doroteae* Pentaplaris huaoranica...
L.O.Williams & Standl. - PetenaeaPetenaeaPetenaea cordata was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae, but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon incertae sedis in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification...
Lundell - Pityranthe Thwaites
- Pseudocorchorus Capuron
- SchouteniaSchouteniaSchoutenia is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Tiliaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics.-Selected species:* Schoutenia cornerii* Schoutenia furfuracea...
Korth. - Sicrea (Pierre) Hallier f.
- Sparrmannia L.f.
- Tetralix Griseb.
- TiliaTiliaTilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America...
L. - Trichospermum Blume
- TriumfettaTriumfettaTriumfetta is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae.There are about 70 species which are widespread across tropical regions. These include :*Triumfetta albida Halford*Triumfetta antrorsa Halford...
L. - Vasivaea Baill.
- Westphalina A.Robyns & Bamps
APG II system
The APG II systemAPG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
, does not recognise this as a family but submerges it in the Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...
sensu lato, which unites the four families Bombacaceae
Bombacaceae
Bombacaceae is a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae included within Malvales order. As is true for any botanical name, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view...
, Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...
sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family, which is now considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view...
and Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki
Kubitzki system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Kubitzki system is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants....
series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally constitute the family (see above) in the subfamilies Tilioideae
Tilioideae
Tilioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily. It was formerly considered a large group, placed at family rank and called Tiliaceae....
, Brownlowioideae, and Grewioideae
Grewioideae
Grewioideae is a subfamily of the Malvaceae family.The group is named after its type genus, Grewia, which is named for the English scientist Nehemiah Grew .-External links:*http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grewioideae...
within this extended family Malvaceae sensu lato. Cladistically
Cladistics
Cladistics is a method of classifying species of organisms into groups called clades, which consist of an ancestor organism and all its descendants . For example, birds, dinosaurs, crocodiles, and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor form a clade...
, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic.
External links
- Tiliaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions.