Sterculiaceae

Sterculiaceae is a botanical name

Botanical name

A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if the plant is a cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...

 for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family, which is now widely considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus Sterculia.

As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae

Malvaceae

Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra and cacao...

, Bombacaceae

Bombacaceae

The name Bombacaceae is a botanical name at the rank of family, which is now widely considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view...

, and Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI....

 comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system

Cronquist system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants . This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's...

 and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized.

Sterculiaceae is a botanical name

Botanical name

A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if the plant is a cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...

 for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family, which is now widely considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus Sterculia.

As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae

Malvaceae

Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra and cacao...

, Bombacaceae

Bombacaceae

The name Bombacaceae is a botanical name at the rank of family, which is now widely considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view...

, and Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI....

 comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system

Cronquist system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants . This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's...

 and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers.

Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically

Cladistics

Cladistics is a form of biological systematics which classifies living organisms on the basis of shared ancestry...

 polyphyletic and the current status of each of these families is in doubt. The APG

APG system

A modern system of plant taxonomy, the APG system of plant classification was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistic analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene...

 and APG II

APG II system

A modern system of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in*Angiosperm Phylogeny Group . An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical...

 systems unite Bombacaceae

Bombacaceae

The name Bombacaceae is a botanical name at the rank of family, which is now widely considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view...

, Malvaceae

Malvaceae

Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra and cacao...

 sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI....

 into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae sensu lato. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in the subfamilies Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae

Dombeyoideae

Dombeyoideae are a subfamily of the Malvaceae in the wide circumscription, as proposed by the APG. Most of the plants placed here were once assembled with more or less related genera in the paraphyletic Sterculiaceae; a lesser number were placed in the Tilliaceae which were also not...

, Helicteroideae

Helicteroideae

Helicteroideae is a subfamily of the Malvaceae family. Some taxonomists place genera in Helicteroideae in distinct families Durionaceae and Helicteraceae....

 and Sterculioideae

Sterculioideae

Sterculioideae is a subfamily of the Malvaceae family containing evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs....

 of the Malvaceae sensu lato. The Thorne system takes an intermediate approach in combining the bulk of the traditional Sterculiaceae (but not including Sterculia itself) with elements of the traditional Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI....

 to form the family Byttneriaceae.

Sterculiaceae had previously been recognized as a family by most systematists; in its traditional sense the family includes about 70 genera, totalling around 1,500 species of tropical trees and shrubs. The most famous products of the family are chocolate

Chocolate

Chocolate comprises a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seed of the tropical cacao tree. Cacao has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mexico, Central and South America, with its earliest documented use around 1100 BC...

 and cocoa

Cocoa

Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree, from which chocolate is made. "Cocoa" can often also refer to the drink commonly known as hot chocolate; to cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding cocoa seeds and removing the cocoa butter from the dark, bitter cocoa...

 from Theobroma cacao

Cacao

Cacao , or the cocoa plant, is a small evergreen tree in the family Sterculiaceae , native to the deep tropical region of the Americas. Its seeds are used to make cocoa and chocolate...

, followed by cola

Kola nut

Kola nut is a genus of about 125 species of trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa, classified in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Sterculioideae . It is related to the South American genus Theobroma...

 nuts. Many species yield timber.

Genera

Abroma Abroma Abroma is a genus in the Sterculiaceae family of two species from Asia and Australia.-Species:*Abroma augusta L.f. – devil's cotton, bark a source of jute-like fibre*Abroma fastuosa R.Br.... Jacq. Acropogon Acropogon Acropogon is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia.It contains around 25 species, including:* Acropogon aoupiniensis* Acropogon bullatus* Acropogon domatifer* Acropogon fatsioides... Schltr. Aethiocarpa Vollesen Astiria Lindl. Ayenia Ayenia Ayenia is a genus of shrubs in the cacao family. These are erect, taprooted shrubs with serrated leaves. They are native to warm areas in the Americas.Selected species:-External links:**... L. Brachychiton Brachychiton Brachychiton is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia , and New Guinea . Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are estimated to be 50 million years old, corresponding to the Tertiary.They grow to 4 – 30m tall, and some are dry-season deciduous... Schott & Endl. Byttneria Byttneria Byttneria is a genus of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae . Several species have become rare through deforestation, some Byttneria is a genus of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae (or Sterculiaceae if these are considered valid). Several species have become rare through deforestation,... Loefl. Cheirolaena Benth. Chiranthodendron Chiranthodendron Chiranthodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, comprising a single species of tree, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, often called the "Devil's hand tree", "monkey's hand tree", or "Mexican hand tree" for the distinct shape of its flowers, which resemble an open human... Larreat. Cola Kola nut Kola nut is a genus of about 125 species of trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa, classified in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Sterculioideae . It is related to the South American genus Theobroma... Schott & Endl. Commersonia Commersonia Commersonia is a genus of 14 species of small to medium-sized tree in the family Malvaceae. All occur in Australia; 12 species are endemic there, whereas the other two occur also in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Islands.... J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Cotylonychia Stapf Dicarpidium F.Muell. Dombeya Dombeya Dombeya is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. These plants are known by a number of vernacular names which sometimes, misleadingly, allude to the superficial similarity of... Cav. Eriolaena Eriolaena Eriolaena is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics.Species include:* Eriolaena lushingtonii... DC. Firmiana Firmiana Firmiana is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family.It contains 12 or more the following species, including:* Firmiana hainanensis* Firmiana major* Firmiana simplex... Marsili Franciscodendron B.Hyland & Steenis Fremontodendron Coville Gilesia F.Muell. Glossostemon Desf. Guazuma Mill. Guichenotia Guichenotia Guichenotia is a genus of about 16 species flowering plants which are endemic to the south west of Western Australia.Species include:*Guichenotia alba Keighery*Guichenotia angustifolia Druce*Guichenotia apetala A.S.George... J.Gay

Hannafordia Hannafordia Hannafordia is a genus of flowering plants native to AustraliaSpecies include:*Hannafordia bissillii F.Muell. – Grey Felt-bush or Tjirin-tjirinpa... F.Muell. Harmsia K.Schum. Helicteres Helicteres Helicteres is a genus of flowering plants with 141 species belonging to the family Malvaceae.... L. Helmiopsiella Arenes Helmiopsis H.Perrier Heritiera Heritiera Heritiera is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.Species include:* Heritiera aurea* Heritiera borneensis* Heritiera fomes* Heritiera globosa* Heritiera javanica* Heritiera littoralis... Aiton Hermannia L. Herrania Herrania Herrania is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family.It contains the following species:* Herrania balaensis* Herrania laciniifolia* Herrania umbratica... Goudot Hildegardia Hildegardia Hildegardia is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family.It contains the following species:*Hildegardia ankaranensis Kosterm.*Hildegardia australensis G.Leach & M.Cheek *Hildegardia barteri Kosterm.... Schott & Endl. Keraudrenia Keraudrenia Keraudrenia is a genus of flowering plants native to Australia, New Guinea and Madagascar.Species include:*Keraudrenia adenogyna C.F.Wilkins*Keraudrenia adenolasia F.M.Bailey*Keraudrenia collina Domin... J.Gay Kleinhovia L. Lasiopetalum Lasiopetalum Lasiopetalum is a genus of shrubs, which are native to Australia.Species include:*Lasiopetalum angustifolium W.Fitzg. Lasiopetalum is a genus of shrubs, which are native to Australia.Species include:*Lasiopetalum angustifolium W.Fitzg. Lasiopetalum is a genus of shrubs, which are native to... Sm. Leptonychia Turcz. Leptonychiopsis Ridl. Lysiosepalum Lysiosepalum Lysiosepalum is a genus of plants in the family Sterculiaceae, endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.Species include:*Lysiosepalum abollatum C.F.Wilkins*Lysiosepalum aromaticum C.F.Wilkins... F.Muell. Mansonia J.R.Drumm. ex Prain Maxwellia Baill. Megatritheca Cristobal Melhania Melhania Melhania is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics.Species include:* Melhania milleri... Forssk. Melochia L. Neoregnellia Urb. Nesogordonia Nesogordonia Nesogordonia is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. In that clade, it belongs to the subfamily Dombeyoideae... Baill. Octolobus Welw.

Paradombeya Stapf Paramelhania Arenes Pentapetes L. Pimia Seem. Pterocymbium R.Br. Pterospermum Pterospermum Pterospermum is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics.Some species are grown ornamentally while others are valued for their timber.... Schreb. Pterygota Pterygota (plant) Pterygota is a genus of flowering plants in the Sterculiaceae family.Species include*Pterygota alata*Pterygota bequaertii*Pterygota macrocarpa-External links:... Schott & Endl. Rayleya Cristobal Reevesia Reevesia Reevesia is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family.It contains around 25 species, including:* Reevesia rotundifolia... Lindl. Ruizia Cav. Rulingia Rulingia Rulingia is a genus of flowering plants native to Australia and Madagascar.Species include:*Rulingia borealis C.F.Wilkins*Rulingia corylifolia Graham – Hazel-leaved Rulingia... R.Br. Scaphium Scaphium Scaphium is a genus of 6 species of plants in family Sterculiaceae, including* Scaphium longiflorum, Ridl.* Scaphium macropodium, Buem.... Schott & Endl. Scaphopetalum Scaphopetalum Scaphopetalum is a genus of plant in family Sterculiaceae.Species include:* Scaphopetalum parvifolium, Baker f.... Mast. Seringia J.Gay Sterculia Sterculia Sterculia is a genus colloquially termed the tropical chestnuts. The scientific name is taken from Sterculius of Roman mythology, who was the god of manure; this is in reference to the unpleasant aroma of the flowers of this genus .Sterculia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some... L. Theobroma Theobroma Theobroma is a genus of about 20 species in the family Sterculiaceae or sometimes classified as Malvaceae. They are small understory trees native to the tropical forests of Central and South America... L. Thomasia Thomasia Thomasia is a genus of plants which are native to southern Australia. All but one species is restricted to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia; the other occurs in South Australia and Victoria.Species include:... J.Gay Triplochiton Triplochiton Triplochiton is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family.... K.Schum. Trochetia Trochetia Trochetia is a genus of flowering plants from the family Malvaceae . They are endemic to the Mascarene Islands.The genus was first described by A.P... DC. Trochetiopsis Trochetiopsis The flowering plant genus Trochetiopsis consists of two extant and one extinct species endemic to the island of St Helena... Marais Ungeria Schott & Endl. Waltheria L.