Tatra T148
Encyclopedia
The Tatra T148 was a truck
produced in Czechoslovakia
by the Tatra
company.
configuration. A new feature was the inter-axle differential. The main advantages of the central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength, which protects the truck body against load stresses. The secondary advantage is that it houses all important parts of the drive train as well as it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4 and 6 wheel drive, as well as various length wheelbase combinations.
had its stroke
lifted by 10 mm while the bore remained the same. The displacement was lifted to 12.6 litres which resulted in increased horsepower
and torque
. For military variants the engines were capable of running on alternative fuels (mixtures of diesel fuel, gasoline
and or aviation
kerosine fuel
), albeit with a performance
loss. The air cooling system was retained once again with the cooling fan driven via hydraulic clutch and engine oil temperature
controlled. The fuel injection pumps featured different types variable or combination governors depending on the vehicle application.
s, constant rear drive with the axle locks standard on all models.
shaft( this design enables the so called flat floor cabin) which was bolted together with the auxiliary gearbox to the backbone tube and formed the main part of the chassis structure. Options for rear power take off and winch
drive were also possible. The main and auxiliary gears were fully synchronized except the first and reverse gear.
acting on all wheels
two door cabin with a fully suspended drivers seat and a bench seat for two occupants. Special military variants included a hatch
opening on the roof. The vehicle featured an independent auxiliary cab heater and included cyclone
pre-cleaners mounted on the front mudguards. The vehicle's top speed was approximately 80 km/h up to 26000 kg (57,320 lb) GVM
(T148 S3) or a total truck and trailer combination of up to 38000 kg (83,776 lb) GCM
(T148 S3).
. Total export figures rested at approixmately 63,700 units sold in 43 countries around the world, where traditionally the biggest export user was the USSR.
Truck
A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile...
produced in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
by the Tatra
Tatra (car)
Tatra is a vehicle manufacturer in Kopřivnice, Czech Republic. The company was founded in 1850 as Schustala & Company later renamed Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft, a wagon and carriage manufacturer, and in 1897 produced the first motor car in central Europe, the Präsident. In 1918, it...
company.
History
In 1969 Tatra decided to modernize the existing T 138 model with a number of improvements and design changes. The new model series was designated T148. Designers were tasked with the requirements of increasing engine power, vehicle speed and reliability as well as meeting stricter noise and emission regulations.Design and technology
Yet again design continued with the proven central backbone tube construction and power train integrated into the central backbone tube as a modular concept in 4x4 and 6x6Six-wheel drive
Six-wheel drive, 6WD or 6x6 is a drivetrain configuration of six wheels, all of which are driven simultaneously by the vehicle's engine. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined to off-road and military vehicles, particularly heavy-duty ones...
configuration. A new feature was the inter-axle differential. The main advantages of the central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength, which protects the truck body against load stresses. The secondary advantage is that it houses all important parts of the drive train as well as it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4 and 6 wheel drive, as well as various length wheelbase combinations.
Engine
The improved powerplantPowerPlant
PowerPlant is an object-oriented GUI toolkit, application framework and set of class libraries for Mac OS, created by Metrowerks. The framework was fairly popular at the height of the Classic Mac OS era, and was primarily used with CodeWarrior...
had its stroke
Stroke
A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...
lifted by 10 mm while the bore remained the same. The displacement was lifted to 12.6 litres which resulted in increased horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower is the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts.Horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses in continuous operation. The unit was widely adopted to measure the...
and torque
Torque
Torque, moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
. For military variants the engines were capable of running on alternative fuels (mixtures of diesel fuel, gasoline
Gasoline
Gasoline , or petrol , is a toxic, translucent, petroleum-derived liquid that is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Some gasolines also contain...
and or aviation
Aviation
Aviation is the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft. Aviation is derived from avis, the Latin word for bird.-History:...
kerosine fuel
Fuel
Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion, a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air...
), albeit with a performance
Performance
A performance, in performing arts, generally comprises an event in which a performer or group of performers behave in a particular way for another group of people, the audience. Choral music and ballet are examples. Usually the performers participate in rehearsals beforehand. Afterwards audience...
loss. The air cooling system was retained once again with the cooling fan driven via hydraulic clutch and engine oil temperature
Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
controlled. The fuel injection pumps featured different types variable or combination governors depending on the vehicle application.
Chassis
Full length backbone tube with independent swing half axles in 4x4 and 6x6. On 6x6 models front axle suspension via adjustable torsion bars , rear axles suspended by longitudinal semi elliptic leaf springs. For 4x4 configuration rear axle was also suspended via torsion bars. Manually selectable front drive via homo-kinetic driveshaftDriveshaft
A drive shaft, driveshaft, driving shaft, propeller shaft, or Cardan shaft is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement...
s, constant rear drive with the axle locks standard on all models.
- Front trackGround trackA ground track or ground trace is the path on the surface of the Earth directly below an aircraft or satellite. In the case of a satellite, it is the projection of the satellite's orbit onto the surface of the Earth .A satellite ground track may be thought of as a path along the Earth's surface...
= 1966 mm (77.4 in) - Rear trackGround trackA ground track or ground trace is the path on the surface of the Earth directly below an aircraft or satellite. In the case of a satellite, it is the projection of the satellite's orbit onto the surface of the Earth .A satellite ground track may be thought of as a path along the Earth's surface...
= 1770 mm (69.7 in) - WheelbaseWheelbaseIn both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.- Road :In automobiles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the center of the front wheel and the center of the rear wheel...
= model specific- T148 S1,S3 = 3690 mm (145.3 in)+1320 mm (52 in)
- T148 VNM = 4260 mm (167.7 in)+1320 mm (52 in)
- T148 NTt 6x6 = 3690 mm (145.3 in)+1320 mm (52 in)
- T148 NTt 4x4 = 3875 mm (152.6 in)
- Ground clearance = 290 mm (11.4 in)
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Transmission
The main gearbox was located behind the cabin and connected to the engine clutch housing via a short uni jointUniversal joint
A universal joint, universal coupling, U joint, Cardan joint, Hardy-Spicer joint, or Hooke's joint is a joint or coupling in a rigid rod that allows the rod to 'bend' in any direction, and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion...
shaft( this design enables the so called flat floor cabin) which was bolted together with the auxiliary gearbox to the backbone tube and formed the main part of the chassis structure. Options for rear power take off and winch
Winch
A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in or let out or otherwise adjust the "tension" of a rope or wire rope . In its simplest form it consists of a spool and attached hand crank. In larger forms, winches stand at the heart of machines as diverse as tow trucks, steam shovels and...
drive were also possible. The main and auxiliary gears were fully synchronized except the first and reverse gear.
- Main gearbox - 5+1 (2-5 gear synchronized)
- gear ratios - (1)9.97, (2)4.96, (3)2.83, (4)1.68, (5)1.0, (R)8.58
- Auxiliary gearbox - 2 speed (electro-pneumatic control via switch on the gear lever and clutch pedal activated )
- gear ratios - (L)2.20, (H)1.62
- Step down transfer caseTransfer caseA transfer case is a part of a four-wheel-drive system found in four-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive vehicles. The transfer case is connected to the transmission and also to the front and rear axles by means of drive shafts...
- ClutchClutchA clutch is a mechanical device which provides for the transmission of power from one component to another...
- 2x plate dry (clutch pedal hydraulic and power assisted) - Differentials - 1x front 2x rear (6x6 models) 1x front 1x rear (4x4 models)
- final drive ratios - 3.39
Brakes
Full compressed air brakesAir brake (road vehicle)
Air brakes are used in trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for use in railway service. He patented a safer air brake on March 5, 1872. Originally designed and built for use on railroad train application, air brakes remain the exclusive systems...
acting on all wheels
- Main wheel brakes ----> dual circuit drum brakes adjustable "S" cam type
- Park brake ----> mechanical via output shaft at the back of the gearbox
- Supplementary brake ----> exhaust brakeExhaust brakeAn exhaust brake is a means of slowing a diesel engine by closing off the exhaust path from the engine, causing the exhaust gases to be compressed in the exhaust manifold, and in the cylinder. Since the exhaust is being compressed, and there is no fuel being applied, the engine works backwards,...
electro-pneumatically controlled
- Supplementary brake ----> exhaust brake
- Park brake ----> mechanical via output shaft at the back of the gearbox
Bodywork
The Tatra T148 featured an all-steelSteel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
two door cabin with a fully suspended drivers seat and a bench seat for two occupants. Special military variants included a hatch
Trapdoor
A trapdoor is a door set into a floor or ceiling .Originally, trapdoors were sack traps in mills, and allowed the sacks to pass up through the mill while naturally falling back to a closed position....
opening on the roof. The vehicle featured an independent auxiliary cab heater and included cyclone
Cyclone
In meteorology, a cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. This is usually characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth. Most large-scale...
pre-cleaners mounted on the front mudguards. The vehicle's top speed was approximately 80 km/h up to 26000 kg (57,320 lb) GVM
Gross vehicle mass
A Gross Vehicle Mass is the maximum allowable total mass of a fully loaded motor vehicle, consisting of the tare mass plus the load...
(T148 S3) or a total truck and trailer combination of up to 38000 kg (83,776 lb) GCM
Gross combination mass
A Gross Combination Mass is the maximum allowable total mass of a fully loaded motor vehicle together with all of its trailers...
(T148 S3).
Production
Production of the T148 started in 1972 and ended in December 1982 where a total of 113,647 vehicles left the production lineProduction line
A production line is a set of sequential operations established in a factory whereby materials are put through a refining process to produce an end-product that is suitable for onward consumption; or components are assembled to make a finished article....
. Total export figures rested at approixmately 63,700 units sold in 43 countries around the world, where traditionally the biggest export user was the USSR.
-
- Primary models
- Tatra T148 S1 6x6 - One way tipper
- Tatra T148 S3 6x6 - Three way tipper
- Tatra T148 V S1 6x6 - High-lift one way tipper
- Tatra T148 V 6x6 - Flatbed civilian
- Tatra T148 VNM 6x6 - Flatbed w/winch troops and cargo military special
- Tatra T148 NTt 6x6 - Tractor
- Tatra T148 NTt 4x4 - Tractor
- Tatra T148 Pxx - Bodybuilders chassis for special use e.g. tanker, crane, excavator