In jazz

Jazz

Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...

, the Tadd Dameron turnaround, named for Tadd Dameron

Tadd Dameron

Tadley Ewing Peake "Tadd" Dameron was an American jazz composer, arranger and pianist. Saxophonist Dexter Gordon called Dameron the "romanticist" of the bop movement, while reviewer Scott Yanow writes that Dameron was the "definitive arranger/composer of the bop era".-Biography:Born in Cleveland,...

, "is a very common turnaround

Turnaround (music)

In jazz, a turnaround is a passage at the end of a section which leads to the next section. This next section is most often the repetition of the previous section or the entire piece or song...

 in the jazz idiom", derived from a typical I−vi−ii−V

I−vi−ii−V

I−vi−ii−V is a very common "chord pattern" in jazz and popular styles of music. It is often used as a turnaround, occurring as the last to two bars of a chorus or section. I−vi−ii−V typically occurs as a two bar pattern in the A section of the rhythm changes....

 turnaround

Turnaround

Turnaround may refer to:* Turnaround , a type of traffic junction* Turnaround, in aviation maintenance, the process of or time needed for loading, unloading, and servicing an aircraft...

 through the application of tritone substitution

Tritone substitution

In classical music, a substitute dominant is "a chord sufficiently akin to the dominant to be reasonably set against the tonic, and yet remote enough to give a chromatically expressive, large-scale dissonance to the structure"...

 of all but the first chord

Chord (music)

A chord in music is any harmonic set of two–three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously. These need not actually be played together: arpeggios and broken chords may for many practical and theoretical purposes be understood as chords...

, thus yielding, in C major:
CM Eb7 | Ab7 Db7 ||
rather than the more conventional:
CM A7 | Dm7 G7 ||

The Tadd Dameron turnaround may feature major seventh chord

Major seventh chord

In music, a major seventh chord is any nondominant seventh chord where the "third" note is a major third above the root.Most typically, major seventh chord refers to where the "seventh" note is a major seventh above the root . This is more precisely known as the major/major seventh chord, and it...

s, and derive from the following series of substitutions, each altering the chord quality:
CM7 Am7 | Dm7 G7 || (original)
CM7 A7 | D7 G7 || (dominant

Dominant seventh chord

In music theory, a dominant seventh chord, or major minor seventh chord,is a chord composed of a root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh. It can be also viewed as a major triad with an additional minor seventh...

 for minor triad)
CM7 Eb7 | Ab7 Db7 || (Dameron turnaround: tritone substitution

Tritone substitution

In classical music, a substitute dominant is "a chord sufficiently akin to the dominant to be reasonably set against the tonic, and yet remote enough to give a chromatically expressive, large-scale dissonance to the structure"...

)
CM7 EbM7 | AbM7 DbM7 || (major for dominant seventh)
The last step, changing to the major seventh is optional.
Dameron was the first composer to use the turnaround in his standard "Lady Bird", which contains a modulation

Modulation (music)

In music, modulation is most commonly the act or process of changing from one key to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature. Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest...

 down a major third

Major third

In classical music from Western culture, a third is a musical interval encompassing three staff positions , and the major third is one of two commonly occurring thirds. It is qualified as major because it is the largest of the two: the major third spans four semitones, the minor third three...

 (from C to A). This key relation is also implied by the first and third chord of the turnaround, CM7 and AM7. It has been suggested that this motion down by major thirds would eventually lead to the John Coltrane

John Coltrane

John William Coltrane was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes in jazz and later was at the forefront of free jazz...

's Coltrane changes

Coltrane changes

In jazz harmony, the Coltrane changes are a harmonic progression variation using substitute chords over common jazz chord progressions...

.

Further examples of pieces including this turnaround are Miles Davis

Miles Davis

Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Miles Davis was, with his musical groups, at the forefront of several major developments in jazz music, including bebop, cool jazz,...

' "Half-Nelson" and John Carisi

John Carisi

John E. Carisi was an American trumpeter and composer.Carisi was member of Herbie Fields's Orchestra and Glenn Miller's Airforce Band. After the war he worked with Ray McKinley, Claude Thornhill, Charlie Barnet, Urbie Green, and Benny Goodman.He was trained by acclaimed composer Stefan Wolpe...

's "Israel". The chord pattern has alternately been called the "Coltrane turnaround."