Stem bromelain
Encyclopedia
Stem bromelain (3.4.22.32) a proteolytic enzyme
is a widely accepted phytotherapeutical
drug member of bromelain
family of proteolytic enzymes obtained from Ananas comosus
[1]. Some of SBM therapeutic benefits are reversible inhibition of platelet
aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis
, sinusitis
, surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis
, pyelonephritis
and enhanced absorption of drugs
, particularly of antibiotic
s [2-4]. Its anti-metastasis
, and anti-inflammatory
activities are apparently independent of its proteolytic activity [2]. Although poorly understood the diverse pleiotrophic effects of SBM seems to depend on its ability to traverse the membrane barrier [5-6], a very unusual property of this protein. The above properties of SBM makes It all the more important to understand its structure and folding properties.
1.Buck M (1998) Trifluoroethanol and colleagues: cosolvents come of age. Quart Rev Biophys 31: 297–355.
2.Thomas PD, Dill KA (1993) Local and nonlocal interactions in global proteins and mechanisms of alcohol denaturation. Protein Sci 2: 2050–2065.
3.Liu Y, Bolen DW (1995) Peptide backbone plays a dominant role in protein stabilization by naturally occurring osmolytes, Biochemistry 34: 12884–12891.
4.Blanco FJ, Jiménez MA, Pineda A, Rico M, Santoro J, Nieto JL (1994) NMR solution structure of the isolated N-terminal fragment of protein-G B1 domain. Evidence of trifluoroethanol induced native-like β-hairpin formation, Biochemistry 33: 6004–6014.
5.Schönbrunner N, Wey J, Engels J, Gerog H, Kiefhaber T (1996) Native-like β-structure in a trifluoroethanol-induced partially folded state of the all β-sheet protein tendamistate. J Mol Biol 260: 432–445.
6.Hirota N, Mizuno K, Goto Y (1998) Group additive contributions to the alcohol-induced α-helix formation of melittin. J Mol Biol 275: 365–378.
Protease
A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain forming the protein....
is a widely accepted phytotherapeutical
Phytotherapy
Phytotherapy is the study of the use of extracts from natural origin as medicines or health-promoting agents.Traditional phytotherapy is often used as synonym for herbalism and regarded as "alternative medicine" by much of Western medicine, although effects of many substances found in plants have...
drug member of bromelain
Bromelain
Bromelain is a pineapple extract thought to be effective for reducing swelling , especially of the nose and sinuses, after surgery or injury. It may also be used for a variety of other effects that remain scientifically unconfirmed and not authorized by regulatory authorities like the Food and Drug...
family of proteolytic enzymes obtained from Ananas comosus
Pineapple
Pineapple is the common name for a tropical plant and its edible fruit, which is actually a multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries. It was given the name pineapple due to its resemblance to a pine cone. The pineapple is by far the most economically important plant in the Bromeliaceae...
[1]. Some of SBM therapeutic benefits are reversible inhibition of platelet
Platelet
Platelets, or thrombocytes , are small,irregularly shaped clear cell fragments , 2–3 µm in diameter, which are derived from fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days...
aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis
Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the large bronchi in the lungs that is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. Characteristic symptoms include cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath and wheezing related to the obstruction of the inflamed airways...
, sinusitis
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues. Most cases are due to a viral infection and resolve over the course of 10 days...
, surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is phlebitis related to a thrombus . When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as "Thrombophlebitis migrans" or "migrating thrombophlebitis".-Signs and symptoms:...
, pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pyelum or pelvis of the kidney. It is a form of nephritis that is also referred to as pyelitis...
and enhanced absorption of drugs
Absorption (Pharmacokinetics)
In pharmacology , absorption is the movement of a drug into the bloodstream.Absorption involves several phases...
, particularly of antibiotic
Antibiotic
An antibacterial is a compound or substance that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria.The term is often used synonymously with the term antibiotic; today, however, with increased knowledge of the causative agents of various infectious diseases, antibiotic has come to denote a broader range of...
s [2-4]. Its anti-metastasis
Metastasis
Metastasis, or metastatic disease , is the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part. It was previously thought that only malignant tumor cells and infections have the capacity to metastasize; however, this is being reconsidered due to new research...
, and anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. Anti-inflammatory drugs make up about half of analgesics, remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system....
activities are apparently independent of its proteolytic activity [2]. Although poorly understood the diverse pleiotrophic effects of SBM seems to depend on its ability to traverse the membrane barrier [5-6], a very unusual property of this protein. The above properties of SBM makes It all the more important to understand its structure and folding properties.
1.Buck M (1998) Trifluoroethanol and colleagues: cosolvents come of age. Quart Rev Biophys 31: 297–355.
2.Thomas PD, Dill KA (1993) Local and nonlocal interactions in global proteins and mechanisms of alcohol denaturation. Protein Sci 2: 2050–2065.
3.Liu Y, Bolen DW (1995) Peptide backbone plays a dominant role in protein stabilization by naturally occurring osmolytes, Biochemistry 34: 12884–12891.
4.Blanco FJ, Jiménez MA, Pineda A, Rico M, Santoro J, Nieto JL (1994) NMR solution structure of the isolated N-terminal fragment of protein-G B1 domain. Evidence of trifluoroethanol induced native-like β-hairpin formation, Biochemistry 33: 6004–6014.
5.Schönbrunner N, Wey J, Engels J, Gerog H, Kiefhaber T (1996) Native-like β-structure in a trifluoroethanol-induced partially folded state of the all β-sheet protein tendamistate. J Mol Biol 260: 432–445.
6.Hirota N, Mizuno K, Goto Y (1998) Group additive contributions to the alcohol-induced α-helix formation of melittin. J Mol Biol 275: 365–378.