A
slurry is, in general, a thick
suspensionIn chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than 1 micrometer. The internal phase is dispersed throughout the external phase through mechanical agitation, with the use of certain...
of solids in a liquid.
Examples of slurries
Examples of slurries include:
- Lahar
A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. The term is a shortened version of "berlahar" which originated in the Javanese language of...
s
- A mixture of water
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...
and cementIn the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed...
to form concreteConcrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...
- A mixture of water, gelling agent, and oxidizers used as an explosive
A water-gel is a fuel sensitized explosive mixture that consisting of an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution that acts as the oxidizer. Water gels that are cap-insensitive are not strictly explosives and are referred to as blasting agents....
- A mixture of water and bentonite
Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, essentially impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are different types of bentonite, each named after the respective dominant element, such as potassium , sodium , calcium , and aluminum . Experts debate a number of nomenclatorial...
used to make slurry wallA slurry wall is a technique used to build reinforced-concrete walls in areas of soft earth close to open water or with a high ground water table. This technique is typically used to build diaphragm walls surrounding tunnels and open cuts, and to lay foundations.A trench is excavated to create a...
s
- A mixture of wood pulp and water used to make paper
Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon, drawing or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....
- A mixture of water and animal waste used as fertilizer
Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. A recent assessment found that about 40 to 60% of crop yields are attributable to commercial fertilizer use...
- Meat slurry
A meat slurry, reconstituted meat, or emulsified meat is a liquefied meat product that contains fewer fats, pigments and less myoglobin than unprocessed dark meats...
, a food product
- An abrasive substance used in chemical-mechanical polishing, a semiconductor manufacturing process
- A mixture of ice crystals, water and freezing point depressant, called slurry ice
Slurry ice is a phase changing refrigerant made up of millions of ice “micro-crystals” formed and suspended within a solution of water and a freezing point depressant. Some compounds used in the field are salt , ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, various alcohols and sugar...
- A wet-process cement
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco and most non-specialty grout...
rawmixA rawmill is the equipment used to grind raw materials into "rawmix" during the manufacture of cement. Rawmix is then fed to a cement kiln, which transforms it into clinker, which is then ground to make cement in the cement mill...
- A mixture of water, ceramic
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...
powder and various additives (e.g., dispersant) used in the processing of ceramics.
- Bean slurry, a food product
- A mixture of water and a starch (normally corn starch) used in cooking to thicken liquids to make a Blancmange
Blancmange is a sweet dessert commonly made with milk or cream and sugar thickened with gelatin, cornstarch or Irish moss, and often flavored with almonds. It is usually set in a mould and served cold. Although traditionally white, blancmanges are frequently given a pink color as well...
(puddingPudding most often refers to a dessert, but it can also be a savory dish.In the United States, pudding characteristically denotes a sweet milk-based dessert similar in consistency to egg-based custards, though it may also refer to other types such as bread and rice pudding.In the United Kingdom and...
) or translucentIn the field of optics, transparency is the physical property of allowing light to pass through a material; translucency only allows light to pass through diffusely. The opposite property is opacity...
sauceIn cooking, a sauce is liquid, creaming or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsus, meaning salted...
(gravyGravy is a sauce made often from the juices that run naturally from meat or vegetables during cooking. In North America the term can refer to a wider variety of sauces and gravy is often thicker than in Britain...
).
Determining solids fraction
To determine the percent solids (or solids fraction) of a slurry from the density of the slurry, solids and liquid

where

is the solids fraction of the slurry

is the solids density

is the slurry density

is the liquid density
In aqueous slurries, as is common in mineral processing, the specific gravity of the species is typically used, and since

is taken to be 1, this relation is typically written:

even though specific gravity with units tons/m^3 is used instead of the SI density unit, kg/m^3.
Liquid mass from mass fraction of solids
To determine the mass of liquid in a sample given the mass of solids and the mass fraction:
By definition

*100
therefore

and

then

and therefore

where

is the solids fraction of the slurry

is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream

is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream

is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream
Volumetric fraction from mass fraction

Equivalently

and in a minerals processing context where the specific gravity of the liquid (water) is taken to be one:

So

and

Then combining with the first equation:

So

Then since

we conclude that
where

is the solids fraction of the slurry on a
volumetric basis

is the solids fraction of the slurry on a
mass basis

is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream

is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream

is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream

is the bulk specific gravity of the solids
See also
- Coal slurry
Coal slurry consists of solid and liquid waste and is a by-product of the coal mining and preparation processes. It is a fine coal refuse and water. Mining generates enormous amounts of solid waste in the form of rocks and dirt. This refuse is used to dam the opening of a hollow between adjacent...
- Slurry pipeline
A slurry pipeline is used in mining to transport mineral concentrate from a mineral processing plant near a mine.- Overview :The concentrate of the ore is mixed with water and then pumped over a long distance to a port where it can be shipped for further processing. At the end of the pipeline, the...
- Slurry Transport
Slurry Transport uses several methods: hydraulic conveying; conventional lean slurry conveying; and High Concentration Slurry Disposal . The latter, HCSD, is a relatively modern approach, which is used to transfer high throughputs of fine fly ash over long distances using high pressure diaphragm...