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The Sambyeolcho Rebellion (1270-1273) was a Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
n rebellion against the Goryeo Dynasty that happened at the last stage of the Mongol invasions of Korea
Mongol invasions of Korea

The Mongol invasions of Korea consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1270. There were six major campaigns at tremendous cost to civilian lives throughout the Korean peninsula, ultimately resulting in Korea becoming a vassal of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty for approximately 80 year...
.

1231, Goryeo was intermittently invaded by the Mongols. During this time, Goryeo was controlled by a military government led by the Choe family. In 1232 the government under the nominal king fled to Ganghwa Island, which Mongol horse riders were unable to land on, and resisted the Mongol invasion.






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The Sambyeolcho Rebellion (1270-1273) was a Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
n rebellion against the Goryeo Dynasty that happened at the last stage of the Mongol invasions of Korea
Mongol invasions of Korea

The Mongol invasions of Korea consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1270. There were six major campaigns at tremendous cost to civilian lives throughout the Korean peninsula, ultimately resulting in Korea becoming a vassal of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty for approximately 80 year...
.

Background

From 1231, Goryeo was intermittently invaded by the Mongols. During this time, Goryeo was controlled by a military government led by the Choe family. In 1232 the government under the nominal king fled to Ganghwa Island, which Mongol horse riders were unable to land on, and resisted the Mongol invasion. Unfortunately because of its fragile foundation, Goryeo faced frequent rebellions. The 1258 rebellion in the northeastern frontier resulted in the establishment of Shuangcheng zongguan-fu of the Mongol Empire and the northwestern region became Dongning-fu because of a rebellion in 1269.

Unlike these rebels, the Sambyeolcho
Sambyeolcho

Sambyeolcho was a military unit of the Goryeo Dynasty during the era when the Choe family held the reins of power as military dictators behind puppet kings....
 (Three Elite Patrols) were an organ of the military government. They were organized by the Choe family to maintain security. However, unlike the Choe private guards unit (which was to personnally protect the family), the Sambyeolcho assumed public functions performed by police and combat forces, effectively replacing the Six Divisions of the military.

In 1258, Choe Ui, the fourth of the Choe family, was overthrown by Kim Jun (Kim Injun) using the Sambyeolcho. Kim Jun took a pro-Mongol policy and sent Crown Prince Wang Jeon
Wonjong of Goryeo

Wonjong of Goryeo was the 24th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He ascended to the throne with the help of Kublai Khan. During his reign, Goryeo became a tributary ally of the Mongol-founded Yuan Dynasty in China....
 to the Mongol Empire. At the same time, King Gojong and the crown prince approached the Mongols to restore power from Kim Jun. In 1268, however, Kim Jun was annihilated by the Sambyeolcho under the order of Im Yeon. The next year, Im Yeon's attempt to replace King Wonjong was reversed by the crown prince (Chungnyeol
Chungnyeol of Goryeo

Chungnyeol of Goryeo was the 25th ruler of the medieval Korean kingdom of Goryeo. He was the son of Wonjong of Goryeo, his predecessor on the throne....
) with the help from the Mongol force. In 1270, Im Yeon's successor Im Yumu was killed by the pro-Mongol faction using the Sambyeolcho. It marked the end of the military regime.

Anti-Mongol Struggle

By the order of the Mongol Court, Wonjong moved the capital from Ganghwa Island to Kaesong. Regaining power from military officials with the support of the Mongols, the king decided to abolish the Sambyeolcho
Sambyeolcho

Sambyeolcho was a military unit of the Goryeo Dynasty during the era when the Choe family held the reins of power as military dictators behind puppet kings....
 (???, ???). Resentful of the peace terms worked out with the Mongols and the threat to the privileges they had enjoyed under the Choe, the Sambyeolcho, led by Bae Jungson (???, ???), revolted against the government. Systematically blocking passage between Gangwha and the mainland, they brought nearby islands and coastal regions under their domain. Wang On, a royal kinsman was proclaimed king of the maritime kingdom. They gave up Ganghwa Island and fled to Jin Island
Jindo County

Jindo County is a Administrative divisions of South Korea in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. It consists of the island of Jindo Island and several smaller nearby islands....
 in the southwest.

Although the Sambyeolcho raided the coastlines of Jeolla Province, the southwestern province, Jin Island started to face food shortages in January 1271. In February the Mongol Court called for the Sambyeolcho's surrender. In response, its leader, Bae Jungson, asked Khubilai Khan to secure Jeolla Province and put it under the direct rule of the empire, just as preceding rebels had. But his request was never fulfilled.

In April, the Mongol Court decided to crush the rebels. It only took a month until Jin Island fell to a combined Goryeo and Mongol army. The puppet king was killed and the survivors, led by Kim Tongjeong (???, ???), fled to Jeju Island. The rebels captured the island and banished the king of Tamna
Tamna

The kingdom of Tamna or Tamna guk ruled Jeju-do from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon Dynasty in 1404. This kingdom is also sometimes known as Tangna , Seomna , and Tammora ....
 in November 1270.

The Sambyeolcho lay low until the end of 1271. During that time, they sought help from Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 (from the Kamakura Shogunate
Kamakura shogunate

The Kamakura shogunate was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura, Kanagawa....
 ????). They regained their strength to some degree the following year. They repeatedly looted the Korean coast. A combined Goryeo-Mongol assault in February 1272 and crushed the rebels in April. Thereafter, the Mongols directly controlled Tamna until 1294.

See also

  • List of Korea-related topics
    List of Korea-related topics

    This is a list of articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. For help on how to use this list, see the #Introduction below....
  • History of Korea
    History of Korea

    The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC, and the Neolithic period began before 6000 BC, followed by the Bronze Age around 2500 BC....
  • Mongol invasions of Korea
    Mongol invasions of Korea

    The Mongol invasions of Korea consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1270. There were six major campaigns at tremendous cost to civilian lives throughout the Korean peninsula, ultimately resulting in Korea becoming a vassal of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty for approximately 80 year...