Russell Woollen
Encyclopedia
Washington, D.C.
composer and keyboard artist Charles Russell Woollen was born in Hartford, Connecticut
on January 7, 1923. Along with composer Robert Evett (1922–1975), he was a key figure in what might be considered a "Washington School" of composers that flourished in the 1960s and 1970s. His many compositions, both vocal and instrumental, have been performed throughout the United States
and Europe
.
Woollen began his musical training with piano lessons at the age of six. Many of his relatives were active in the church choir, and within a few years he was accompanying them in family sing-alongs. This early connection with the Catholic Church and choral music made his high school choice of the Pius X, a minor seminary in New York City, a natural one. "There he signaled his intention to study for the priesthood with a focus on liturgical music." During this period, he spent a summer working with Father Franz Wasner at a music camp in New Hampshire and studied organ with Ernest White at the Anglican Church of St. Mary the Virgin in New York.
Later, Woollen moved to Washington to complete his studies for the priesthood at Catholic University
. He soon assumed the position of organist-choirmaster at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, adjacent to the Catholic University campus. In 1944 he earned a bachelor of arts degree from St. Mary's Seminary and University in Baltimore, followed by a master of arts degree in Romance languages from Catholic University in 1948.
Woollen was ordained a priest in 1947. Shortly thereafter he was invited to join the faculty at Catholic University where he was a central figure in the founding of the university's Benjamin T. Rome School of Music
. He continued to study music with Nicholas Nabokov at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, and he traveled to Paris
to study with Nadia Boulanger
.
Between 1953 and 1955 Woollen secured a sabbatical leave to study composition with Walter Piston
at Harvard, which gave him a "rock-bottom confidence [in] writing for the orchestra." It was during this period that Woollen's composing gathered momentum. Among the works from this early period are a number of masses and other choral works, and the Toccata for Orchestra (1955), which was "performed by the National Symphony Orchestra to wide acclaim." His first symphony was composed between 1957 and 1961.
Another significant early work is Woollen's opera, The Decorator (1958), which was commissioned by the National Broadcasting Corporation for the network's "Catholic Hour." His sister, Dorothy Woollen Getlein, and brother-in-law, Frank Getlein, were the librettists. This humorous work depicts the turmoil caused by the invasion of a new suburban home by the hired interior decorator, who overwhelms the unsuspecting couple with "the things that can be done to make their house competitive with its neighbors. . ." The opera revived in January 1993 for a series of performances celebrating the composer's seventieth birthday. A second opera, based on texts by Oscar Wilde, was in preparation in 1993, but remained unfinished at the time of the composer's death in 1994.
The combined pressures of the priesthood, teaching, and the decidedly secular lifestyle of the composer began to weigh heavily on Woollen in the late 1950s and early 1960s:
"I was burning the candle at both ends, as they say, and I began to get tremendous headaches. They would hover and descend on me like a black cloud."
Woollen left the faculty of Catholic University
in 1962 and soon thereafter, in 1964, he abandoned the priesthood as well. Between 1964 and 1969 he made the difficult transition to secular life. He remained the keyboard artist for the National Symphony Orchestra
, a position he had held since 1956, and in 1969 he accepted a position teaching at Howard University
, where he remained until 1974.
Woollen wrote several impressive works during this transitional period, including a setting of Donne's sonnets, La Corona (1967–71), and the moving In martyrum memoriam (1968-9), a forty-five-minute cantata for choir, soloists, and orchestra based on texts from the Bible, the Roman Catholic Mass
for Martyrs, and the speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. This work was premiered by the National Symphony on November 16, 1969 and has been performed numerous times since, including a 1979 performance by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra
and Chorus under Margaret Hillis
.
Woollen continued to compose prolifically during the 1970s, producing a second symphony (1977-8), Two pieces for Piano and Orchestra (1975-6), and numerous smaller works, both vocal and instrumental. In 1975 he was commissioned by the National Symphony to complete Robert Evett's sketch of Monadnock, a cantata for soprano, bass, mixed chorus, and orchestra based on texts by Mark Twain
. This commission was especially fitting since Woollen and Evett had been close friends for many years. He and his wife, Margaret, were married in 1977.
He left the National Symphony in 1980. Since 1982 he had been the organist at the Unitarian Church
of Arlington (Virginia), and also served as organist for the Adas Israel Congregation in Washington since the early 1980s. Woollen also served as the musical director for Alexandria, Virginia's Opera Americana, which "specializes in early and contemporary American opera. . ." He continued to write vocal and instrumental works and to teach privately.
Although many of his works remain unpublished, his numerous compositions continue to be performed, especially in the mid-Atlantic region. Woollen has influenced many other composers and musicians in the region, both through his university teaching and through personal contact.
Russell Woollen died on March 16, 1994 at the University of Virginia Medical Center while visiting Charlottesville.
Biography at the American Composers Alliance web site
Russell Woollen obituary, The Washington Post, March 19, 1994
premieres: AM ORG 20:36 Jul 1986
Lines of Stephen Crane
AM ENS 4:5 n4 1981
In martyrum memoriam
AM CHORAL R 21:16-18 n3 1979
AM CHORAL R 12:116-17 n3 1970
BMI p. 8 Jan 1970
MUS ED J 56:122 Feb 1970
Sonata fro Trombone and Piano
News Nuggets, INT MUS 70:29 Jun 1972
Music for Harp, Oboe and Percussion
AM HARP J 3:15 n2 1971
AM HARP J 2:11-15 n4 1970
Fantasy for Flute and Strings
BMI p. 25 Jun 1969
Three Sacred Choruses for Women's Voices and Orchestra
BMI p. 47 Summer 1969
[Various Works]
BMI p. 10 Mar 1967
Mass
I. Lowens AM CHORAL R 10:21-2 n1 19647
Nativitie
BMI p. 12 Jun 1967
Willow Brook Suite [#1]
BMI p. 9 Jun 1965
Suite
BMI p. 15 Oct 1966
AmerAllegro
PAN PIPES 55:76 n2 1963
Suite for Piano
Concert Hall ACA 10:29 n1 1961
The Decorator
MUS AMER 79:14 May 1959
Mass for Boy's Voices
NOTES 16:151-2 Dec 1958
Improperium
MUS Q 44:381 Jul 1958
"Actuaciones del compositor y musicologo Rev. Padre Russell Woollen."
REV MUS CHILENA II:86-7 Aug/Sep 1957
Missa melismatica: unison choir and organ
NOTES 13:347 8 Mar 1956
Mass in the Major Modes: congregation & double choir
NOTES 13:347 Mar 1956
CAECILIA 82:231 Sep-Oct 1955
Chronicle and Commencement
CATH CHOIRMASTER 40:188 Winter 1954
"New Contributing Editor"
CAECILIA 80:58 Jan/Feb 1953
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
composer and keyboard artist Charles Russell Woollen was born in Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford is the capital of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960, it is the second most populous city on New England's largest river, the Connecticut River. As of the 2010 Census, Hartford's population was 124,775, making...
on January 7, 1923. Along with composer Robert Evett (1922–1975), he was a key figure in what might be considered a "Washington School" of composers that flourished in the 1960s and 1970s. His many compositions, both vocal and instrumental, have been performed throughout the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
.
Woollen began his musical training with piano lessons at the age of six. Many of his relatives were active in the church choir, and within a few years he was accompanying them in family sing-alongs. This early connection with the Catholic Church and choral music made his high school choice of the Pius X, a minor seminary in New York City, a natural one. "There he signaled his intention to study for the priesthood with a focus on liturgical music." During this period, he spent a summer working with Father Franz Wasner at a music camp in New Hampshire and studied organ with Ernest White at the Anglican Church of St. Mary the Virgin in New York.
Later, Woollen moved to Washington to complete his studies for the priesthood at Catholic University
Catholic University
A Catholic University is a private university run by the Catholic Church or by Catholic organizations like religious institutes. Those with closer ties to the Holy See are called pontifical universities....
. He soon assumed the position of organist-choirmaster at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, adjacent to the Catholic University campus. In 1944 he earned a bachelor of arts degree from St. Mary's Seminary and University in Baltimore, followed by a master of arts degree in Romance languages from Catholic University in 1948.
Woollen was ordained a priest in 1947. Shortly thereafter he was invited to join the faculty at Catholic University where he was a central figure in the founding of the university's Benjamin T. Rome School of Music
Benjamin T. Rome School of Music
The Benjamin T. Rome School of Music is the school of music of The Catholic University of America, located in Washington D.C.The school is fully accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music and is Washington D.C.'s only university school of music.The school remains the preeminent...
. He continued to study music with Nicholas Nabokov at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, and he traveled to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
to study with Nadia Boulanger
Nadia Boulanger
Nadia Boulanger was a French composer, conductor and teacher who taught many composers and performers of the 20th century.From a musical family, she achieved early honours as a student at the Paris Conservatoire, but believing that her talent as a composer was inferior to that of her younger...
.
Between 1953 and 1955 Woollen secured a sabbatical leave to study composition with Walter Piston
Walter Piston
Walter Hamor Piston Jr., , was an American composer of classical music, music theorist and professor of music at Harvard University whose students included Leroy Anderson, Leonard Bernstein, and Elliott Carter....
at Harvard, which gave him a "rock-bottom confidence [in] writing for the orchestra." It was during this period that Woollen's composing gathered momentum. Among the works from this early period are a number of masses and other choral works, and the Toccata for Orchestra (1955), which was "performed by the National Symphony Orchestra to wide acclaim." His first symphony was composed between 1957 and 1961.
Another significant early work is Woollen's opera, The Decorator (1958), which was commissioned by the National Broadcasting Corporation for the network's "Catholic Hour." His sister, Dorothy Woollen Getlein, and brother-in-law, Frank Getlein, were the librettists. This humorous work depicts the turmoil caused by the invasion of a new suburban home by the hired interior decorator, who overwhelms the unsuspecting couple with "the things that can be done to make their house competitive with its neighbors. . ." The opera revived in January 1993 for a series of performances celebrating the composer's seventieth birthday. A second opera, based on texts by Oscar Wilde, was in preparation in 1993, but remained unfinished at the time of the composer's death in 1994.
The combined pressures of the priesthood, teaching, and the decidedly secular lifestyle of the composer began to weigh heavily on Woollen in the late 1950s and early 1960s:
"I was burning the candle at both ends, as they say, and I began to get tremendous headaches. They would hover and descend on me like a black cloud."
Woollen left the faculty of Catholic University
Catholic University
A Catholic University is a private university run by the Catholic Church or by Catholic organizations like religious institutes. Those with closer ties to the Holy See are called pontifical universities....
in 1962 and soon thereafter, in 1964, he abandoned the priesthood as well. Between 1964 and 1969 he made the difficult transition to secular life. He remained the keyboard artist for the National Symphony Orchestra
National Symphony Orchestra
The National Symphony Orchestra , founded in 1931, is an American symphony orchestra that performs at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.-History:...
, a position he had held since 1956, and in 1969 he accepted a position teaching at Howard University
Howard University
Howard University is a federally chartered, non-profit, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university located in Washington, D.C., United States...
, where he remained until 1974.
Woollen wrote several impressive works during this transitional period, including a setting of Donne's sonnets, La Corona (1967–71), and the moving In martyrum memoriam (1968-9), a forty-five-minute cantata for choir, soloists, and orchestra based on texts from the Bible, the Roman Catholic Mass
Mass
Mass can be defined as a quantitive measure of the resistance an object has to change in its velocity.In physics, mass commonly refers to any of the following three properties of matter, which have been shown experimentally to be equivalent:...
for Martyrs, and the speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. This work was premiered by the National Symphony on November 16, 1969 and has been performed numerous times since, including a 1979 performance by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra
Chicago Symphony Orchestra
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the five American orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five". Founded in 1891, the Symphony makes its home at Orchestra Hall in Chicago and plays a summer season at the Ravinia Festival...
and Chorus under Margaret Hillis
Margaret Hillis
Margaret Hillis was an American conductor. She was the founder and first director of the Chicago Symphony Chorus.-Life:...
.
Woollen continued to compose prolifically during the 1970s, producing a second symphony (1977-8), Two pieces for Piano and Orchestra (1975-6), and numerous smaller works, both vocal and instrumental. In 1975 he was commissioned by the National Symphony to complete Robert Evett's sketch of Monadnock, a cantata for soprano, bass, mixed chorus, and orchestra based on texts by Mark Twain
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens , better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist...
. This commission was especially fitting since Woollen and Evett had been close friends for many years. He and his wife, Margaret, were married in 1977.
He left the National Symphony in 1980. Since 1982 he had been the organist at the Unitarian Church
Unitarian Universalist Association
Unitarian Universalist Association , in full the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations in North America, is a liberal religious association of Unitarian Universalist congregations formed by the consolidation in 1961 of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of...
of Arlington (Virginia), and also served as organist for the Adas Israel Congregation in Washington since the early 1980s. Woollen also served as the musical director for Alexandria, Virginia's Opera Americana, which "specializes in early and contemporary American opera. . ." He continued to write vocal and instrumental works and to teach privately.
Although many of his works remain unpublished, his numerous compositions continue to be performed, especially in the mid-Atlantic region. Woollen has influenced many other composers and musicians in the region, both through his university teaching and through personal contact.
Russell Woollen died on March 16, 1994 at the University of Virginia Medical Center while visiting Charlottesville.
Related Web Sites
Dissertation Abstract: A Stylistic and Structural Analysis of Russell Woollen's La Corona, Patrick M. O'Shea (Arizona State University, 1995). Note; The email link provided is out of date.Biography at the American Composers Alliance web site
Russell Woollen obituary, The Washington Post, March 19, 1994
Additional Selected Journal Articles (Listed by work to which they refer)
Mass for a Great Spacepremieres: AM ORG 20:36 Jul 1986
Lines of Stephen Crane
AM ENS 4:5 n4 1981
In martyrum memoriam
AM CHORAL R 21:16-18 n3 1979
AM CHORAL R 12:116-17 n3 1970
BMI p. 8 Jan 1970
MUS ED J 56:122 Feb 1970
Sonata fro Trombone and Piano
News Nuggets, INT MUS 70:29 Jun 1972
Music for Harp, Oboe and Percussion
AM HARP J 3:15 n2 1971
AM HARP J 2:11-15 n4 1970
Fantasy for Flute and Strings
BMI p. 25 Jun 1969
Three Sacred Choruses for Women's Voices and Orchestra
BMI p. 47 Summer 1969
[Various Works]
BMI p. 10 Mar 1967
Mass
I. Lowens AM CHORAL R 10:21-2 n1 19647
Nativitie
BMI p. 12 Jun 1967
Willow Brook Suite [#1]
BMI p. 9 Jun 1965
Suite
BMI p. 15 Oct 1966
AmerAllegro
PAN PIPES 55:76 n2 1963
Suite for Piano
Concert Hall ACA 10:29 n1 1961
The Decorator
MUS AMER 79:14 May 1959
Mass for Boy's Voices
NOTES 16:151-2 Dec 1958
Improperium
MUS Q 44:381 Jul 1958
"Actuaciones del compositor y musicologo Rev. Padre Russell Woollen."
REV MUS CHILENA II:86-7 Aug/Sep 1957
Missa melismatica: unison choir and organ
NOTES 13:347 8 Mar 1956
Mass in the Major Modes: congregation & double choir
NOTES 13:347 Mar 1956
CAECILIA 82:231 Sep-Oct 1955
Chronicle and Commencement
CATH CHOIRMASTER 40:188 Winter 1954
"New Contributing Editor"
CAECILIA 80:58 Jan/Feb 1953